Plant morphology and anatomy

Plant morphology and anatomy

Plant organs Vegetative Stem, root, leaf Reproductive Flower, fruit

Plant morphology and anatomy

Plant organs Composed of tissues Plant tissues - complex Composed of cells

Plant morphology and anatomy

I. Meristematic Tissues II. Permanent Tissues

 I. Meristematic Tissues A. Apical meristems 1. Stem apical meristem 2. Root apical meristem

 I. Meristematic Tissues
A. Apical meristems 1. Stem apical meristem 2. Root apical meristem B. Lateral meristems 1. Vascular cambium 2. Cork cambium
C. Other meristems in leaves, flowers, fruits

Plant morphology and anatomy

II. Permanent Tissues A. Surface tissues B. Fundamental tissues C. Vascular tissues

 II. Permanent Tissues A. Surface tissues 1. Epidermis of herbaceous plant stems, young stems of woody plants, leaves, flowers, and fruits a. Covering cells with thick outer walls and waxy cuticle b. Epidermal hair cells c. Glandular hair cells d. Stomates with guard cells

 II. Permanent Tissues A. Surface tissues 2. Epidermis of herbaceous plant roots, young roots of woody plants a. Covering cells with a very thin cuticle b. Root hair cells 3. Peridermis of woody stem or root a. Parenchyma cells b. Suberized cork cells

 II. Permanent Tissues B. Fundamental (= Ground) tissue 1. Stem Dicot plant: Pith and Cortex Monocot plant: Ground tissue

 II. Permanent Tissues B. Fundamental (= Ground) tissue 2. Root Dicot plant: Cortex Monocot plant: Pith and Cortex

 II. Permanent Tissues B. Fundamental (= Ground) tissue 3. Mesophyll of leaf Dicot plant: palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll Monocot plant: mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

 II. Permanent Tissues

B. Fundamental (= Ground) tissue Cell types found in these tissues 1. Parenchyma cells 2. Collenchyma cells 3. Sclerenchyma a. sclerenchyma fiber cells b. sclerenchyma sclereid cells 4. Endodermal cells

 II. Permanent Tissues C. Vascular tissue 1. Xylem Cell types

Parenchyma Sclerenchyma fibers Tracheids

Vessel elements

 II. Permanent Tissues C. Vascular tissue 1. Xylem Primary Xylem

Protoxylem
(annular & spiral 2nd walls)

Metaxylem
(reticulate, scalariform & pitted 2nd walls) Secondary Xylem

II. Permanent Tissues

C. Vascular tissue 1. Xylem Primary Xylem Protoxylem Cell types in Xylem 1. Parenchyma 2. Sclerenchyma fibers 3. Trachieds (annular & spiral 2nd walls) 4. Vessel elements Metaxylem
(reticulate, scalariform & pitted 2nd walls)

Secondary Xylem

 II. Permanent Tissues C. Vascular tissue 1. Phloem Primary Phloem Secondary Phloem

II. Permanent Tissues

C. Vascular tissue Cell types in Phloem 1. Phloem 1. Parenchyma Primary Phloem 2. Sclerenchyma fibers Secondary Phloem 3. Sieve cells 4. Companion cells

Evolutionary trends in Xylem transport cells

Evolutionary trends in Xylem Tissue Stelar theory

Evolutionary trends in Xylem Tissue Stelar theory

Protosteles
Haplostele Actinostele Plectostele

Evolutionary trends in Xylem Tissue Stelar theory

Siphonosteles Ectophloic Amphiphloic