Sonny An

US History Honors October 14th, 2012

The Rise of Industrialization: Big Business & Immigration Lesson from history: After periods of turmoil, people search for stability, prosperity, and normality. 1800s: United States is an agrarian nation. Early 1900s: U.S. becomes global industrial leader. The effects of the Civil War upon industrialism. o Mass production of equipment, weapons, food, and uniforms.

The use of mass production, industrialization, and modern transportation during war time inspires entrepreneurs during peace time. Leads to an era of Big Business and consumerism. Big Business and the growth of trusts (giant corporations). Captains of Industry. o Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794-1877). Rags to riches. Born to a poor farming family. Created a railroad empire. Ferries Steamboats Railroads.

Vanderbilt gave little to charity. o o o 1 son inherits $95 million. Wife and 8 daughters inherit $500k. 1 son inherits nothing, commits suicide.

Vanderbilt gave $1 million for Vanderbilt University. Railroad towns sprouted up. o Boom cities developed. Interstate Congress Act. 1837 to 1913: J.P. Morgan. o o o o Born into wealth, became one of richest in U.S. Created banking empire. Financed loan to Carnegies Steel Co. & Rockefellers Standard Oil. Later bought Carnegies Steel Company, formed first billion-dollar company. 1|Page

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United Steel Co. controlled 60% of U.S. steel production.

Gave millions to support, art, universities, and medicine. Slimy dad. Devout Baptist (Christian) mom. Made deals with railroad companies to lower shipping costs for his Standard Oil Co. Sell or perish tactic. (For P3 homies, remember the demonstration with Hailey Leach.) Empire of Oil: Standard Oil Co. controlled 90% of U.S. oil. Philanthropy Gave $5 billion to charities. Believed in laissez-faire (gov. keeps its hands off of the market). Grew up poor rich. Created Carnegie Steel. Co. Mass produced cheap & efficient steel tracks for railroads. The man who dies rich, dies disgraced. Is it working hard or worker exploitation?

1939 to 1937: John D. Rockefeller Sr.

1835 to 1919: Andrew Carnegie.

Mark Twain: The Gilded Age. Captains of Industry = robber barons? Herbert Spencer: Social Darwinism: Economic survival of the fittest. Tenements: Dinky apartment craps near the factories that suck and cost a lot for workers. Child labor: Theyre happy little elves. Why didnt the government protect the workers? o o Government is reactive, no proactive. Excluded unskilled (factory workers) and minorities. Late 1800s: Unions developed for skilled workers.

What does it mean to be an American? McDonalds yoloswag. The U.S. and Immigration. o The Salad Bowl. Retains form. 2|Page

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The Melting Pot. Assimilation = Americanization. Nativism: Native born vs. foreign born. Immigration processing center. Castle Garden, previous immigration thing, too small for so many immigrants. Isle of Tears. The separation stairs: Medical inspections. Sent to medical infirmary if determined to be sick. Nursed to health then sent to their family in the States!

1892 to 1954: Ellis Island: Isle of Hope.

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