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Relation with Relevance Alternative urban block for the urban location / tissue Model

Modern or contemporary adaptations

Diagram

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Comments

Apartment Buildings

Multi-family Palazzo Old Town Genova 19th c.

Building without Building equals creates smallscale any exterior or urban block checkerboard interior communal spaces

inspired by 16th century palazzi

How many buildings have actually been built as apartment buildings?

2 Barceloneta

Barcelona

1753+

Row of buildings Street-to-Street Apartments equals urban Apartment Row have double block orientation House towards streets on both sides

creates linear and narrow blocks, partly pedestrianised

explore Indian or Arabic types

Most of them have been divided into single-oriented apartments, altering the initial spatial idea of this typology. I the house Is th h plan not too similar to the Eixample plan? There might be more obvious examples for this simple typology. The apartments of the upper floors can be reached through interior or exterior staircases.

3 Pombaline Downtown

Lisbon

1755+

M lti f il Multi-family Row House with single orientation

A t t Apartments have single orientation towards the street (minimal courtyard (hygienic) for some air and light)

Back-to-Back B kt B k mirror type (hygienic courtyard in between)

creates li t linear and narrow blocks, partly pedestrianised

Apartment Buildings

4 Plateau Mont-Royal

Plex House*

Block equals Horizontally mirror of aligned stacked apartments with single houses separate entrances for each unit, Terraced House style

5 Lower East Side

Montreal

1880s

creates repetitive rectangular blocks

represents th t the common medieval type (single oriented row houses) in form of an improved and rationalised apartment model Boston Tripledecker, Edinburgh

Tenement House* New York 1870s

Row house shares light shaft with neighbouring building

Block equals mirror of aligned single houses, very dense

creates very dense rectangular blocks

to be found out

Type represents extremes of desastrous urban coniditions in the 19th c. / try to find most acceptable example.

UrbanHousingHandbook

Typology Selection 070208

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Modern or contemporary adaptations

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Town Villa

Dresden

Strehlen

1870s

One family style house with multi apartments and exterior green spaces between houses

Buildings are positioned on the boundaries of the urban block

creates suburban green tissue

Kruppsche Arbeiter-kolonie Essen, Stuttgart

One of the most sub-urban examples of the selection / has been model for a lot of popular contemporary developments.

Apartment Buildings

7 Plaine Monceau

Haussmann Apartment Building

Building mediates between street and courtyard

Dense accumulation of similar buildings / block depth normally defined by two buildings with one courtyard each

Preference for triangular blocks due to facade efficiency. Developers tried to maximise the street oriented surfaces.

All over Paris / especially in the areas annexed after 1850 as these have been completely "Haussmann"style developed

I Inset Building t B ildi

Building that develops along the interior parts of the plot and forms a courtyard towards the street

9 Friedrichshain

Odeon

19th c.

simple, simple because partywall relation towards all neighbours

easily adaptable to every urban tissue / streetonly oriented

Scattered examples can be found in a lot of cities.

It is the most common spatial type for an apartment building. The precise form of the building depends each time on the actual plot Does this type r exist on a larger scale with repetitive examples standing next to each other?

Paris

Paris

1898

Mietskaserne*

Multiple Mainly courtyard house orthogonal accumulation of similar buildings which develop deeply into the heart of the block

The type is a result of a very wide-meshed urban grid

Berlin

1895

Type as much as name can also be found in other large German cities.

The large urban blocks were expected to be subdivided through private streets. It often did not happen due to space efficiency. Terminology to be checked: is the described type a "Zinshaus"? / Is the "Zinshaus" equal to the Vienna "Pawlatsche"?

Apartment Buildings

10

10

Zinshaus*

UrbanHousingHandbook

City Centre

Budapest

19th c.

Introverted courtyard house with galleries, single oriented apartments

Accumulation of similar buildings, simple, because partywall relation towards all neighbours

Easily adaptable to existing urban tissue / streetonly oriented

Prag, St. Petersburg, Vienna ("Pawlatsche"), mainly Eastern Europe

Typology Selection 070208

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11

11

Wohnburg*

12

12

Elmsbuettel

Hamburg

Meander-like linear building with similar living conditions for all apartments

1907

Building "snakes" between block boundary and block interior

large blocks with visually extended public space through exteriorised courtyards

Design won "Prix de Rome". Early modernist ideas can be identified in terms of form and "hygienic" ideals.

Eixample Apartment House Barcelona Eixample 1860+

Houses with shared interior communal courtyard

Aligned houses Strict orthogonal Sarphati blocks in Amsterdam grid of large around green blocks courtyard / corners have been cut in order to allow more generous crossings

Interesting study model for the relation between small scale ownership and large-scale urban design principles.

Apartment Buildings

13

13

M Mega bl k block with gallery Amsterdam Spangen

14

14 Amsterdam South

1919

Building equals Repetitive Single large largeurban block rectangular scale building blocks with distribution gallery on the courtyard side

Page Street (London)

Exceptional case / maybe not relevant for the study.

Amsterdam

M Mega bl k block with interior park

Si l l Single largescale building that encloses park

B ildi equals N l Narrow, Building urban block articulated blocks

1920

P l i R l Palais Royal, Rome (I.C.P.), Glasgow Tenement blocks

It would b ld be beneficial to find another example for this highly important type which is crucial for a lot of contemporary y masterplans. From a historic and cultural point of view, it represents a rich mixture of British and Chinese building traditions.

15

1 Suzhou Creek

Shikumen House* Shanghai 1870s

Compounds

British-Chinese mixture of courtyard and row house

Maze-like structure of internal lanes (Lilong), lilong forms a whole block and sometimes directly leads into another lilong

Gates define the lilong structure towards the street / the block size is very large

UrbanHousingHandbook

Typology Selection 070208

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Modern or contemporary adaptations

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16

FalkenriedTerrassen Siedlung* Eppendorf Hamburg 1890

multi-family row house development (mainly back-toback style)

Inset in existing Needs large urban blocks for block, larger insertion buildings mediate with surroundings on the boundary

It is the most generous example of several "Terrassenhaeuser" (Hamburg)

17

Compounds

Bastille

1750+

Paris

Deep courtyard Accumulation of distinct buildings compound around central courtyard (mixed use)

developped from clearly linear orientation around Fbg into part of urban block

long, narrow plots with occasionally transpercing lanes

18

4 Santiago de Chile

Cit *

Poniente

1870+

Pocket development of distinct row houses around central courtyard

Easily adaptable there are similar part of urban to existing urban compounds in block with Argentina partywalls on all tissue sides

Can be seen as an improved version of the English back-toback type, with generous communal spaces in front of the row houses Current configuration has evolved over long time, when owners decided to extend their properties into the depth of the plot Difference with Vecindad is the accumulation of distinct vertical units / residential only

19

5 Centro Historico

Vecindad*

Compounds

Mexico City

1750+

Horizontally organised pocket development around central courtyard

part of urban block with ground floor commercial uses towards street

Easily adaptable to existing urban tissue

To be inserted

Difference with Cit is the horizontal organisation of apartments around central space / often mixed-use

20

6 9eme arrondissement

UrbanHousingHandbook

Paris

1850

Cit Napoleon* Apartement building with generous and covered internal courtyard

forms deep blocks because of sequence of covered interior space and exterior space (needed for light reasons)

Needs second courtyard (distance) towards the block interior

Familistre (Guise), Phalanstre (Fourier), Patio adaptations (Mexico)

Looking for better and repetitive example (patio adaptations?) / the Cit has been a social failure.

Typology Selection 070208

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21

7 Buenos Aires

C Casa d t de tres puertas

St t f d Street facade only shows three private entrances

t b f d t to be found out

t b f d t to be found out

i ht be i il might b similar to Vecindad

To be inserted

To be inserted

R h has Research h not yet been successful for this type / may not exist or actually be a vecindad-style building

22

1 Ilot Mazargues

Row Houses

23

Marseille

Street-to-Street Row of houses Building row with direct street equals urban Row House block exposure on both sides

extremely linear Freudenstadt and narrow (Stuebben), Jewish quarter urban grain (Sanaa)

Extreme case, maybe not relevant for the study.

1918

Back-to-Back House* 1780-1920 Hyde Park Leeds

One family row houses with single orientation towards the street

extremely linear Cit Florale House row is (Paris) mirrored on the and narrow urban grain back wall

There were several stages of improvement, aim for the latest model.

24

Terraced House* London

Row Houses

One family row houses with double orientation towards street and garden

House row is mirrored on the limit of the private garden

Repetitive orthogonal or curved blocks / direct relation between typology and urban tissue.

Clapham, Notting Hill, Bloomsbury

Final selection is based on finding the most urban type.

up to 1930s / archetype

25

Angel

1847

Machiya*

UrbanHousingHandbook

City Centre

One family houses with lateral corridor and backyard

Kyoto

plots are narrow and deep due to taxes paid for frontage / details to be found out

orthogonal wide meshed grid with Imperial Palace as focal point / predefined urban design

These buildings are mainly timber built.

Typology Selection 070208

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26

Row Houses

Terraced House with Mews Belgravia London 1825

A generous main house is linked on the ground floor with a small-scale back building

The row of aligned houses is mirrored along a formerly private service lane (called mews)

Marylebone, Creates Mayfair rectangular large-scale blocks with interior lane (sometimes culde-sacs)

Due to the scale of the buildings, most houses have been separated from the mews and transformed into apartments.

27

Batignolles

Cite des fleurs* Row house with Infill with private generous front lane between garden and no larger buildings back garden

The private lane allows access towards the interior of the blocks (insideout logic)

front gardens can be found in a lot of English developments

It is an exceptional development, but potentially applicable to wider areas.

Paris

1847

28

Chinese Shophouse* City Centre 1800-1920 Singapour

Row Houses

Mixture of row and courtyard house, often with backyard

House row is mirrored along narrow service lane

Malacca, 5-foot-way in front of building Penang, Bangkok has strong impact on the public realm

From a historic and cultural point of view, it represents a rich mixture of Dutch , British, Chinese and Malay elements.

29

8 Cit Ouvrire

Quadruple House* Mulhouse

Four row houses Inside-out logic creates subform one villa- of the usual row urban green tissue house style building configuration of exterior space / diagonal orientation

Den Haag

Scheme has been built by a workers association, but the houses have subsequently been sold to the occupants.

1855

up to 20th c. / archetype

30

Riad*

Courtyard Houses

Strongly introverted house with geometric central courtyard / no exterior facade as such

There is no urban block as such; logic of development strongly depends on the private laws towards the neighbour

Typology allows almost every kind of geometric pattern, having a door as only link to the outside / usually no grid

Marrakech

UrbanHousingHandbook

Medina

Most arabic medinas have similar house types and urban pattern (i.e. Tunis)

It is the archetype of a building that is not linked to an urban grid in the classical sense (no explicit front or back).

Typology Selection 070208

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up to 20th c. / archetype

31

Haveli* Ahmedabad

Pol

Row house with Chowk as internal transitional space

The major element is the row, and not the block. On the main street of a Pol the houses face each other.

Several house rows form a semi-private urban sector with one main entrance and seceral cul-desacs

Similar houses and urban patterns can be found in other cities of Gujarat.

up to 20th c. / archetype

32

Patio House*

House with peripheral interior patio

Havana

Representative street frontage, unlike arabic courtyard house which is solely introverted.

to be found out / it is not unusual to find mixeduse buildings with shops in the ground floor

to be found out / the patio house is the most fundamental typology of Latin America.

The rural predecessor of the Gujarat Haveli did not have any courtyard (Chowk). It is a consequence of the urban condition Elaborate differences with other latinamerican countries.

33

4 Buenos Aires

Courtyard Houses

34

5 Cour de Cambronne 17/18th century

1900s

Casa Chorizo* House develops linearly in parallel to a private lane that ends up as a small backyard

Houses often form rows, and are sometimes mirrored

Strong relation to the street through visual contact into the courtyard (depending on type of gate)

Spatial configuration ressembles Japanese Machiya.

Hotel Particulier*

3 wings develop around streetrelated courtyard

up to 20th c. / archetype

35

Arles

Several hotels form a row that can be mirrored while forming a block

Distant relation to the street because main building is set back and gates are mainly opaque

Patio house with courtyard on street / check Havana

May be too upscale as example / sizes are rarely consistent / searching for different example.

Siheyuan* City Centre (hutong)

UrbanHousingHandbook

Beijing

Building parts are scattered around enclosed courtyard

houses stand wall to wall, sometimes separated through a very narrow service lane

Accumulation of houses forms maze-like urban structure (hutong)

Typical for the whole northeastern region of China

Most of them are not onefamily houses any more / quickly disappear in Beijing to give place for modern developments

Typology Selection 070208

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up to 20th c. / archetype

36

Tower House*

Courtyard Houses

UrbanHousingHandbook

City Centre

Sanaa

direct partywall One family relation on up to tower built in one corner of an 3 sides enclosed courtyard

Very similar morphological relation as in most arabic medinas / no grid, but some main streets and a lot of cul-desacs

Similar houses exist in other cities of Yemen, i.e. Shibam.

Physical form does not ressemble a courtyard house, but urban context is surprisingly very similar.

Typology Selection 070208