DEPARTMENT BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

DIAGNOTIC AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS-II

QUESTION BANK UNIT I PART A Write some uses of ultrasound waves in medical application. Define Ultrasound.Give its range in medical application. What are the limitations of Ultrasound. In medical application ultrasonic waves are prepared than audiable sound waves.Justify. 5. Define Characteristic impedance. 6. Define attenuation co-efficient. 7. Define Doppler effect. 8. Define axial and lateral resolution. 9. What is the principle of generation of ultrasound. 10. Name some piezo electric material used for the construction of ultrasonic transducers. 11. Name the important parameters for optimum performance of transducers. 12. Classify medical ultrasound with power level. 13. Define Q factor of piezo electric transducer. 14. Explain the principle of A-scan display. 15. Explain the principle of B-scan display. 16. Explain the principle of M-mode display. 17. What are the difference between A-scan and M-scan. 18. What are the difference between A-scan and B-scan. 19. Write the frequency of the transducers used for echocardiography. 20. What are the different types of B-scan techniques. 21. Define linear B-scan. 22. Define sector B-scan. 23. Explain compound B-scan. 24. Name the transducer used in echocardiography. 25. Explain the properties of ultrasound. 1. 2. 3. 4. PART B 1. Explain the basic pulse echo apparatus system with block diagram. 2. With block diagram explain linear B-scan techniques used in obstetrics and Gynacology. 3. Explain the function of echocardiograph with block diagram. 4. Discuss how ultrasonics is applied as diagnostic tool in ophthalmology. 5. Explain the function of echo encephalography. 6. Explain difference between A-scan,B-scan and M-mode display. 7. With block diagram explain complete set up with various circuit diagrams about the working of A,B and M scanning. 8. Explain the principle and properties of Ultrasound. 9. Explain the basic modes of transmission in medical ultrasound. 10. Explain the generation and detection of Ultrasound.

UNIT II PART A 1. What is the objective of patient monitoring system. 2. Define ICU. 3. Define ICCU. 4. Define telemetry.Give its types. 5. What is meant by single channel telemetry? 6. Draw the block diagram of single channel telemetry. 7. What is meant by multi channel telemetry? 8. Explain the function of single channel telemetry. 9. Explain the function of multi channel telemetry. 10. Explain about frequency allotment. 11. What is a Radiopill? 12. Explain a method to monitor the heart beat of racing horse. 13. How bio signals can be transmitted over telephone lines? 14. What are the pre processing units required to transmit bio signals over telephone lines? 15. How to decrease mortality and morbidity in patient monitoring system. 16. Define multiplexing. 17. What is frequency division multiplexing? 18. What is time division multiplexing? 19. Explain about multi patient telemetry. 20. Explain about implantable telemetry systems. 21. Explain obstetrical telemetry system. 22. What is cardiac monitor? 23. Draw the block diagram of bedside patient monitoring system. 24. Explain the circuit blocks of patient monitoring system. 25. What is Bedside patient monitoring system? PART B 1. Explain in detail about patient monitoring system. 2. Design a patient monitoring system which can monitor a six bedded ICU for five vital parameters. 3. Explain working of patient monitoring system which can monitor six bedded ICU with block diagram. 4. Explain in detail about single channel telemetry. 5. Explain in detail about multi channel telemetry. 6. Analyse how bio signals can be tranmitted over telephone lines?What are the pre processing units required? 7. Explain the system concept of patient monitoring system. 8. Describe about Cardiac monitor. 9. Explain cardiac monitor using digital telemetry? 10. Describe in detail about central monitors.

UNIT III PART A 1. Define diathermy. 2. What are the different types of diathermy? 3. Define electrotheraphy? 4. What are the clinical applications of electrotheraphy? 5. Explain about short wave diathermy. 6. Explain about micro wave diathermy. 7. What are the clinical applications of diathermy. 8. Explain about surgical diathermy unit. 9. Explain the difference between micro wave and short wave diathermy. 10. Enlist the various types of electrodes used in surgical diathermy. 11. Distinguish electrotherapy from electrocuting. 12. Explain about IR lamps. 13. What are the two types of IR heat lights? 14. Explain about UV lamps. 15. What are the types of UV lamps? 16. Explain high frequency heat therapy. 17. Explain the principle of high frequency heat therapy unit. 18. Draw the circuit diagram of short wave diathermy unit. 19. Explain the production of Microwaves. 20. Draw the block diagram of ultrasonic therapy unit. 21. How to control the dosage in ultrasonic therapy unit. 22. Explain the methods to control the output of the oscillator in ultrasonic therapy unit. 23. Explain the principle of surgical diathermy unit. 24. What is fulguration? 25. What is desiccation? PART B 1. Explain clinical applications of diathermy. 2. Explain clinical applications of Electrotherapy. 3. Describe about short wave diathermy. 4. Explain in detail about micro wave diathermy. 5. Explain the principle of surgical diathermy unit with neat diagram. 6. Explain in detail about IR and UV lamps. 7. Compare and contrast the functioning of the equipments used with IR and UV lamps in medicine as therapeutic equipments. 8. Explain the various types of electro surgery techniques. 9. Explain the block diagram of solid state electro surgical unit. 10. Explain about surgical diathermy analysers. UNIT IV 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. PART A What is the principle of cryogenic techniques? Give few applications of cryogenic techniques. What are the mechanisms involved in freezing the tissues? Name few cryogens. What is the difference between spray and probe techniques? What is Freeze- Thaw cycle?

7. What is an endoscope? 8. What are the different components of typical endoscope? 9. What is total internal reflection? 10. What is the significance of total internal reflection? 11. What is laparoscopy? 12. What is the difference between an open surgery and laparoscopic surgery? 13. Name few insufflating gases. 14. Name few optical fibres with their range of use. 15. Mention few applications of laparoscopy. 16. What is a Thermograph? 17. What is the principle of Thermograph? 18. Write Stefan boltzman formula and explain the various terms. 19. Define the emmissivity of a black body. 20. Write few applications of Thermography. 21. Explain the effect of freezing on tissues. 22. What are the cryosurgical apparatus. 23. Explain about hand held apparatus in liquid nitrogen. 24. Explain automated apparatus in liquid nitrogen. 25. What are the gases used in automated apparatus. PART B 1. Explain the various or process that takes place due to freezing of tissues. 2. Explain the different types of cryogenic apparatus. 3. Write short notes on a) Spray technique b) Probe technique 4. Explain the freezing thawing cycle of cryogenic techniques. 5. Explain various clinical use of cryotechniques. 6. Name different types of endoscopes with their applications. 7. With a diagram explain the different components of typical endoscopes. 8. With a neat diagram explain components of laparoscopy equipment. 9. With block diagram explain thermographic equipment. 10. Explain the physics of thermography. UNIT V PART A What are the sources of leakage current? What is gross shock? What is micro shock? What are the physiological effects of macro shock? Which of the following shock is fatal (a) current shock (b) voltage shock and why? 6. What are monitoring circuits? 7. Explain about earthing schemes. 8. Explain about electric shock hazards. 9. What are the effects of electric current on human body? 10. What is Let go current? 11. What is leakage current? 12. What are the different types of leakage current? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

13. Explain about enclosure leakage current. 14. Explain about earth leakage current. 15. Explain about patient leakage current. 16. What are the precautions to minimize electric shock hazards? 17. How to perform the test in bio medical equipment? 18. Explain about chassis leakage current measurement. 19. Draw the schematic diagram of leakage current meter. 20. Explain the principle of leakage current meter. 21. How to measure the leakage current in patient leads? 22. Explain the phenomena that can occur during gross shock. 23. Explain about electrical safety analyzer. 24. How to perform electrical testing of electrical outlets? 25. Explain about ground continuity test. PART B Explain in detail about the sources of leakage current. Explain in detail about micro shock? Explain in detail about macro shock? How do you assure complete patient safety from electric hazards in a clinical environment? 5. Enumerate the essentialities of the various earthing schemes provided in hospitals for patient safety. 6. Explain in detail about the testing of bio medical equipment. 7. Explain the precautions to minimize electric shock hazards. 8. What is leakage current? Explain the types of leakage current? 9. Explain in detail about leakage current in patient leads. 10. Explain about electrical safety analyzer. 1. 2. 3. 4.