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TRAINING PROGRAM
RADIATION PROTECTION
REFERENCE TEXT
written by J. U. BURNHAM formerly Director, Health and Safety Division, New Brunswick Power Corporation, Canada
SPONSORED BY ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY ELECTRICITY GENERATING AUTHORITY OF THAILAND OFFICE OF ATOMIC ENERGY FOR PEACE
FOR EW OR D
The ob jectiv es of o ur Ra diat ion Pr ot ect ion P ro gra m are: 1. 2. 3. 4. To pre ve nt rad iat io n fata lit ies; To pre ve nt rad iat io n inju rie s; To remain wit hin le ga l rad iat ion d ose li mits; To kee p rad iat ion d oses as lo w as r easo na bly ach ievab le.
This bo ok f or ms part of the Rad iat io n P ro tectio n Train in g Co urse f or the staf f of t he P oin t Leprea u CANDU- 6 Generating Stat ion. I t is des ign ed to g ive y ou an ap prec iat ion a nd un derstan ding of th e principle s of rad iat io n pro tection that yo u have t o f ollow, so tha t we ca n meet t he ob jec tives liste d a bo ve.
J. U. B ur nham D ire ct or , Hea lth & Sa fety Divis io n New Bru ns wick Po wer Co rp oration New Bru ns wick , Canad a Rev. 3 , Jan ua r y 19 92 NOTE (Jan uar y 20 05) : The c omp lete r efere nce tex t f or t his c ourse is availab le at the fo llo wing URL: ht tp ://can teach.ca nd u. or g/cata lo g. h tml# NBP OWER Rele va nt port ions o f t he refer ence te xt are co pied here for c on ve nie nt refe rence. Dan Menele y
CONTENTS
*CHA PTER 1 - T HE ATOM
ATO MIC S TRUCTURE The ato m; p rotons, neutro ns, electro ns; atomic numb er; elements; mass numb er; atomic size. IS OTO PES Separatio n o f isotop es; iso to pes o f hyd rogen and uranium; nuclides.
Cosmic rays; radioactivity in the earth's crust; rado n daughters; external gamma radiatio n; natural radio activity in the b od y; areas of high natural radiation; man- mad e radiation; med ical expo sures; fallo ut; occupational do ses; nuclear p ower co ntrib ution. HEREDITARY EFF ECTS Cell division; mutatio n; risk from rad iation. LONG-TERM SOMATIC EF FECTS Cancer; human high expo sure d ata; extrap olatio n to low d oses; cancer risk. SHO RT- TERM S OMATIC EFF ECTS Acute and chro nic expo sures; effects o n the cell; rad iation sickness; rad iosensitivity; lethal do se; treatment of rad iatio n injury; effects o f exp osure to specific o rgans or tissues. RADIATION EF FECTS DURIN G PREGNANCY Effects of expo sure to embryo or foetus, 1 0- day rule.
Sources; loo se and fixed contamination; C ontamination Contro l Limits (CCL); direct and ind irect measurements; surveys. AIRBO RNE C ONTAMINATIO N Particulates; co ntinuo us air monito r; spo t sampler; no ble gases; radio iod ine; tritium; tritium- in- air monito r; b ub bler; airbo rne areas.
CONTAMINATION CON TRO L DESIGN F EATURES Zoning; Rub ber Areas; Change Roo m; design and o peration of ventilation systems; heavy water vapo ur reco very systems; lo cal ventilation systems. PRO TEC TIVE C LOTHING Browns; d isp osab le co veralls; glo ves; foo twear; p lastic suit and ho od ; p ro tectio n factors. RES PIRATORS Air p urifying, air- sup plied and self-co ntained resp irators; protection facto rs; resp iratory hazard s; respirator fit testing; respirato r maintenance. DEC ONTAMINATIO N Chemical and p hysical metho ds; general p rincip les; Decontamination Centre; deco ntaminatio n o f eq uipment, wo rk areas, heavy water sp ills, clothing, skin.