ECE 440: HW2 solution

Image Enhancement Using Filtering

Problem 1:

MATLAB CODE
% Problem #1 - High Boost Filtering
% ----------------------------------clc;clear all;
x=imread('hw2_1.bmp','bmp');
figure;
subplot(1,2,1);
imshow(x);
xlabel('Original Image');
% convert image to HSV
[h,s,v]=rgb2hsv(x);
% Generate a high pass kernel with a=1
a=1;
hpf = [-1 -1 -1;-1 a+8 -1 ;-1 -1 -1];
% Convolve the kernel with the image
z = conv2(v,hpf,'same');
sizez = size(z);
%linear stretch or just
% If any of element in z is less than 0, the element becomes 0.
% If any of element in z is greater than 1, the element becomes 1.
less0 = find(z < 0);
z(less0) = 0;
more1 = find(z > 1);
z(more1) = 1;
y1 = hsv2rgb(h,s,z); % convert back to RGB
subplot(1,2,2);
imshow(y1);
title('Sharpened Image');

Problem 2:
a. Reduce the noise with box filter 3x3, 5x5, 7x7

b. Use 3x3 and 5x5 mean filter.

%Problem 2 - Salt and Pepper Noise

%----------------------------------------------------------------%a
clc; clear all; close all;
[X,map] = imread('HW2_2.gif','gif');
X = double(X);
figure
subplot(2,3,2),imshow (X,map); xlabel('original image');

%convolve with a box filter 3x3

X1 = conv2(X,1/9*ones(3,3));
subplot(2,3,4),imshow(X1,map); xlabel('image with box filter 3x3');
%convolve with a box filter 5x5
X2 = conv2(X,1/25*ones(5,5));
subplot(2,3,5),imshow(X2,map); xlabel('image with box filter 5x5');
%convolve with a box filter 7x7
X3 = conv2(X,1/49*ones(7,7));
subplot(2,3,6),imshow(X3,map); xlabel('image with box filter 7x7');
%----------------------------------------------------%b
%with 3x3 median filtering process
[m, n] = size(X)
Y = zeros(m ,n);
for r = 2:m-1,
for c = 2:n-1,
K = X((r-1):(r+1), (c-1:c+1));
newv = median(K(:));
Y(r, c) = newv;
end
end
figure;
subplot(1,3,1);
imshow(X,map);
title('Original Noisy Image');
subplot(1,3,2);
imshow(Y,map);
title('3x3 Median Filtered Image');
%with 5x5 median filtering process
[m, n] = size(X);
Y1 = zeros(m ,n);
for r = 3:m-2,
for c = 3:n-2,
K = X((r-2):(r+2), (c-2:c+2));
newv = median(K(:));
Y1(r, c) = newv;
end
end
subplot(1,3,3);
imshow(Y1,map);
title('5x5 Median Filtered Image');
Problem 3:

MATLAB CODE
%Problem3: - Frequency Domain Transformation
%
clc, clear all, close all;
I = load('2_1.asc');
%creat blurred image
f = conv2(I, 1/9*ones(3,3));
figure
subplot(1,3,1);
imshow(f);
xlabel('Original Blurred Image');
% Laplacian mask
h = [0 -1 0; -1 5 -1; 0 -1 0];
% zero padding.
[m,n]=size(f);
[mh,nh]=size(h);
newf=[f;zeros(mh-1,n)];
newf=[newf zeros(m+mh-1,nh-1)];
newh=[h;zeros(m-1,nh)];
newh=[newh zeros(m+mh-1,n-1)];
% DFT of image and mask
H=fft2(newh);
F=fft2(newf);
% Multiply these two DFTs
Y=H.*F;
% IDFT of the result
y=ifft2(Y);
subplot(1,3,2);
imshow(y);
xlabel('Sharpening Image by using frequency domain transformation');
subplot(1,3,3)
t=conv2(f,h);
imshow(t);
xlabel('Sharpening Image by directly 2-D convolution');
Problem4:
a.

b. Plot g(q) over this range for several values of between 5 and 50

Comment: these functions is greatest near zero frequency, and decreases to 0.01 near the ends of the array

c.

MATLAB CODE
%Problem 4: - Frequency Domain Transformation
%a
%----------------------------------------------------clc;clear;close all;
x=imread('HW2_4.jpg');
figure;
subplot(1,2,1);imshow(x);xlabel('The original image');
%Sharpen using high boost filter
% convert image to HSV
[h,s,v]=rgb2hsv(x);
% Generate a high pass kernel with a=1
a=1;
hpf = [-1 -1 -1;-1 a+8 -1 ;-1 -1 -1];
% Convolve the kernel with the image
z = conv2(v,hpf,'same');
sizez = size(z);
%linear stretch or just
% If any of element in z is less than 0, the element becomes 0.
% If any of element in z is greater than 1, the element becomes 1.
less0 = find(z < 0);
z(less0) = 0;
more1 = find(z > 1);
z(more1) = 1;

y = hsv2rgb(h,s,z); % convert back to RGB

subplot(1,2,2),imshow(y);xlabel('High boost filtered image');
%---------------------------------------------%b
u=[-256:255];
v=[-256:255];
[U, V] = meshgrid(u,v);
q = round(sqrt(U.^2 + V.^2));
count=0;
sigma=[5 20 35 50],
figure;
for i = 1:length(sigma);
g = 0.01+(0.99*exp(-q.^2./(2*(sigma(i).^2))))./(sigma(i)*sqrt(pi));
subplot(2,2,i)
plot(q,g);
xlabel(sprintf('g(q) with sigma =%6.1f',sigma(i)));
end
%-------------------------------------------------%c.
X = rgb2hsv(x);
Xshifted = fftshift(fft2(fftshift(X(:,:,3))));
figure;
for i = 1:length(sigma);
g = 0.01+(0.99*exp(-q.^2./(2*(sigma(i).^2))))./(sigma(i)*sqrt(pi));
Yshifted = Xshifted ./g;
Y(:,:,3) = ifft2(fftshift(Yshifted));
Y(:,:,3) = fftshift(Y(:,:,3));
Y(:,:,3) = Y(:,:,3) / max(max((Y(:,:,3))));
Y = hsv2rgb(Y);
subplot(2,2,i);imshow(Y);xlabel(sprintf('Sharpen image with sigma =%6.2f',sigma(i)));
Y = X;
end