The Ideal Gas Law

Investigating the behavior of PV = nRT and experimental error

Suppose we trap 10 mL of
air at 1.0 atm and 298K in a
.syringe

1
0

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loaded for this spreadsheet
to function - see the last tab.

model set 1
Error
T (K) =

298

n=

0.00041

V/1000

0.003

3.34

0.005

2.01

0.007

1.43

10

0.01

1.00

12

0.012

0.84

15

0.015

0.67

18

0.018

0.56

20

0.02

0.50

(mL)

(L)

(atm)

Pressure, atm

none

high
PV

4.0
3.33
3.5
2.00
3.0
1.43
2.5
1.00
2.0
0.83
1.5
0.67
1.0
0.56
0.5
0.50
0.0

10.03
10.03

y = 10.031x-1.000
R = 1.000
10.03

10.03
10.03

10.03

10.03
10.03
10.03
10.03

10

12

14

16

18

Volume, mL

reference line at 298 K and 0.00041 moles

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20

10.03

(mean)

0.00

(range)

model set 2
Error
P (atm) =

1.0

n=

0.00041

2
T

V*1000

0.0084

8.42

260

0.0088

8.75

12
8.75186

270

0.0091

9.09

280

0.0094

9.43

290

0.0098

9.76

9.08847
10
9.42508
8

300

0.0101

10.10

310

0.0104

10.43

320

0.0108

10.77

330

0.0111

11.11

340

0.0114

11.44

11.44474 0

350

0.0118

11.78

11.78135

(L)

high
V/T

y = 0.0337x
R = 1

0.0337
0.0337

Volume, mL

250

14
8.41525

(kelvin)

none

0.033661

0.0337

0.033661

0.0337

9.76169
6
10.0983
4
10.43491
2
10.77152
0
11.10813

0.0337
0.0337
0.0337
0.0337
50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0.0337
0.0337
0.0337

Temperature, K

(mL)
reference line at 1.0 atm and 0.00041 moles

Sinex 2005

0.0337

(mean)

0.0000

(range)

model set 3
Error
P (atm) =

1.0

T (K) =

298

20
V

V*1000

0.0001

0.0024

2.45

0.0002

0.0049

4.89

0.0003

0.0073

7.34

0.0004

0.0098

9.79

0.0005

0.0122

12.23

0.0006

0.0147

14.68

0.0007

0.0171

0.0008

none

30
2.44658
25
4.89316

high

y = 24466x
24465.8 R = 1

24466

24465.8

24466

V/n

7.33974
20
9.78632
15

24466

Volume, mL

24466
24466

17.13

12.2329
10
14.67948
17.126065

0.0196

19.57

19.572640

24466

0.0009

0.0220

22.02

22.01922

0.0010

0.0245

24.47

24.4658

(mole)

(L)

24466
24466
0

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.001

24466
24466

Moles

(mL)
reference line at 1.0 atm and 298K.

Sinex 2005

24466

(mean)

(range)

Density - Molar Mass Relationship

Error
P (atm) =

1.0

T (K) =

298

10
MM

He

0.163

Ne

20

0.817

Ar

40

1.635

Kr

81

3.311

Xe

131

5.354

Rn

222

9.074

(g/mole)

(g/L)

y = 0.0409x + 1E-15
R = 1

10
0.163
9
0.817
8
7
1.635
6
3.311
5
5.354
4
3
9.074
2
1
0

high
D/MM

0.040873

0.041

0.041
0.041

Density

Gas

none

0.041

0.041

0.041

0.041
0.041

50

100

150

200

Molar Mass

reference line at 1.0 atm and 298K.

Sinex 2005

250

0.041

(mean)

0.000

(range)

Finding the Molar Mass of Air

Atmospheric Composition
MM

fraction

dinitrogen

28.0

1.00

28.0

dioxygen

32.0

0.00

0.0

carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

44.0

0.00

0.0

water vapor

water vapor

18.0

0.00

0.0

dinitrogen
dioxygen

1.00
"air"

28.0

Composition

0.5

100

100.0%

N2

0.0%

O2

0.0%

CO2

0.0%

H 2O

(g/mole)
Using the sliders adjust the
composition to
their values in air.

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The Distribution of Velocities in One Mole of Gas (6 x 1023 particles)

y-variable?

Gas 1 Temperature = 298

Molar Mass =

Gas 2 Temperature = 298

Molar Mass =

20

velocity

1.8E-05

Gas 1

Gas 2

Gas 1

Fraction of particles

0 1.6E-05
#### ####
25 1.4E-05
#### ####

Gas 2

50 1.2E-05
#### ####
75 #### ####

1.0E-05

100 ####

####

200 ####

####

8.0E-06

300 6.0E-06
#### ####
400 4.0E-06
#### ####
500 2.0E-06
#### ####
500 0.0E+00
#### ####
700 ####
850 ####

####
0

500

####

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Velocity (m/sec)

1000 ####
2000 ####

####
####

3000 ####
4000 ####

####
####

Gas 1

most probable velocity =

1113

m/sec

average velocity =

1258

m/sec

5000 ####

####

Gas 2

most probable velocity =

498

m/sec

average velocity =

562

m/sec

6000 ####

####

7000 ####

####

8000 ####

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9000 ####

#### Calculations based on Adamson, A Textbook of Physical Chemistry (1973).

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then select