SAMPLE – C-Print Pro Tablet Notes

Chemistry 7 Thursday, April 5, 2007

HOMEWORK No homework over break!

At the beginning of class, the teacher handed back the laboratory sheets (p.5) and did a quick
review of ionic bonding for the quiz.

The students took a quiz on ionic bonding. The quiz will be page 7 in your notebook.

Teacher: Take out page 4 for your notes. We filled in the ionic bonding side last
class and now we are going to work on the other side (it's blank) on covalent bonding.

You have heard of prefixes. Prefixes are little words that come in front of root words and they
change the meaning of the word. The root word for covalent is valence.

The prefix for covalent is co. What are other words that have co for the prefix – coexist,
cooperate, coefficient, coworker, copilot.

Let’s look at the last two – coworker and copilot. Tell me something about coworkers.

Student: They work together.

Teacher: Right. They work together in the same office. What about a copilot?

Student: They are like the second pilot.

Teacher: Copilots fly the plane together. So in other words, coworkers share the
same job and copilots share responsibilities of flying the same plane.

So what would co mean? It means together, shared. So covalent bonding means?

Student: Sharing electrons.

Teacher: Right. Instead of giving electrons, the atoms share them.

Covalent bonding is bonding which occurs when atoms share electrons.

(Examples on next page.)

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 SAMPLE – C-Print Pro Tablet Notes

Examples:

For covalent bonding we make something called an electron dot diagram.

The number of covalent bonds equals the number of electrons needed to make a complete
outer shell.

A small part of a compound is called a molecule. A molecule is the smallest part of a

covalently bonded compound with the properties of that compound.

The properties of covalent bonds are different than the properties of ionic bonds. The ionic
bonds are hard, brittle solids with high melting points.

First property, covalent bonds have lower melting points and boiling points than ionic
compounds.

It doesn't take much to melt sugar. We did that here in class. So sugar is covalently bonded.
Salt is very hard to melt. That is because it is ionic compound.

Second property, covalent bonds do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Finally, we learned that ionic bonds are between a metal and non metal and metallic bonding is
between two metals. What do you think a covalent bond is between? Two nonmetals.

Third property, covalent bonding occurs between two nonmetals.

A lot of carbon compounds will be covalently bonded. (Metals want to get rid of their electrons,
nonmetals want to gain them.)

The class finished with a video on bonding.