GLYCOSIDES

Cardiac Glycosides
English Name Strophantus Scientific Name Strophantus kombe Digitalis purpurea Family Apocynaceae Synonyms Onaya Venero de las Flechas Foxglove Ladys Finger Part Used Ripe seed Constituents Strophantidin Uses For CHF Cardiotonic For CHF, atrial tachycardia

Digitalis

Scrophulariaceae

Dried leaf

Digitoxin Digoxin

Anthraquinone Glycosides
English Name Senna, Tinnevelly Senna, Alexandria Aloe Scientific Name Cassia augustifolia Cassia senna Aloe barbadensis (A.vera) Rheum officinale R. palmatum Rhamnus purshianus Rhamnus frangula Family Fabaceae Fabaceae Liliaceae Synonyms Sennae folium Sennae folium Khartoum senna Sabila Lily of the Desert Rheum Part Used Dried leaflets Dried leaflets Dried latex of leaves Constituents Sennoside A and B Sennoside A and B Barabaloin Uses Cathartic Cathartic Purgative For burns, abrasions, irritation Cardiotonic For jaundice, kidney stones Cathartic Stimulant laxative Laxative

Rhubarb

Polygonaceae

Cascara sagrada Frangula

Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae

Sacred bark Chittem bark Buckthorn bark Alder bark

Dried rhizome and root deprived of periderm Dried bark Dried bark

Chrysophanol Emodin, rhein Ca oxalate Cascaroside Frangulin A and B Glucofrangulin A and B

Saponin Glycosides
English Name Condurango Sarsaparilla Scientific Name Marsenia condurango Smilax aristochiafolia Smilax regelii Polygala senega Quillaja saponaria Family Ascelpiadaceae Liliaceae Synonyms Condor vine Eagle vine Mexican sarsaparilla Honduran sarsaparilla Senega snakeroot Rattlesnake root Soapbark Murillo Part Used Dried bark Dried root Constituents Congdurangin Sarsaponin Smiliagen Senegin Polygalitol Quillaja saponins Quillaja sapotoxin Uses Astringent For syphilis, rheumatism, urinary problems Stimulating expectorant Detergent Emulsifying agent

Senega Quillaja

Polygonaceae Rosaceae

Dried root Dried inner bark

Cyanophore glycosides
English Name Wild Cherry Scientific Name Prunus serotina P. virginiana Family Rosaceae Synonyms Wild black cherry Rum/whiskey bark Part Used Carefully dried stem bark Constituents Purnasin Uses Vehicle for cough preparations Sedative, expectorant, antitussive

Isothiocyanate Glycosides
English Name Mustard, white Scientific Name Brassica alba Family Brassicaceae Synonyms Yellow mustard English mustard Brown mustard Chinese mustard Part Used Dried seeds Constituents Sinalbin Uses Local irritant, rubefacient Condiment Local irritant, rubefacient Condiment

Mustard, black

Brassica nigra

Brassicaceae

Dried, ripe seed

Sinigrin

Flavonol Glycosides
English Name Rue Scientific Name Ruta graveolens Family Rutaceae Synonyms Common garden rue Herb of Grace Part Used Leaves Constituents Rutin Quercetin Uses Treatment of capillary fragility Uterine stimulant

Aldehyde Glycosides
English Name Vanilla Scientific Name Vanilla planifolia V. fragrans V. tahitensis Family Orchidaceae Synonyms Mexican/ bourbon vanilla Tahiti vanilla Part Used Cured, full grown unripe fruit Constituents Vanillin Glucovanillin Glucovanillic alcohol Uses Flavorant Fragrance for perfume

Alcohol Glycosides
English Name Poplar Scientific Name Populus candicans Populus tacamahacca Family Saliceae Synonyms Balm of Gilead Buds Willow buds Quaking aspen Part Used Air-dried closed winter leaf buds Constituents Volatile oils Salicin Uses Stimulating expectorant For sluggish sores Induces micturation in BPH Appetite stimulant Poison Uterine sedative/ relaxant Astringent, diuretic For dyspnoea Respiratory stimulant Astringent For tonsillitis, hemmorhoids Carminative Mucus membrane stimulant

Mezereum Viburnum

Daphne mezereum Viburnum prunifolium Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Hamamelis virginiana Xanthoxylum clava- herculis X. americanum

Thymelaeaceae Caprifoliaceae

Paradise plant Black haw Sherry bush Quebracho

Dried twigs Dried bark of roots and stems Dried bark

Aspidosperma

Apocynaceae

Daphin Daphnetoxin Salicin Viburnum Scopoletin Alkaloids Quebrachitol Hamamelitannin Volatile oils Flavonoids Xanthoxylin

Hamamelis

Hamamelidaceae

Witch hazel leaf

Dried leaf

Xanthoxyllum

Rutaceae

Prickly ash Hercules club

Dried bark

Lactone Glycosides
English Name Santonica Scientific Name Artemisa cinae Family Asteraceae Synonyms Aleppo Alexandria wormseed Spanish fly Russian fly Part Used Dried unexpanded flower heads Dried insects Constituents -santonin Artemisin Cantharidin Uses Antihelminthic no effect on Taenia Irritant, vesicant Wart remover

Cantharides

Cantharis vesicatora

Meloidae

Phenol Glycosides
English Name Uva ursi Scientific Name Arctosaphylos uva- ursi var. coactylis Family Ericaceae Synonyms Bearberry Rockberry Part Used Dried leaf Constituents Arbutin Ericolin Resinous principle Uses Urinary antiseptic, diuretic For urethritis and cystitis

Bitter Glycosides
English Name Gentian Quassia Scientific Name Gentiana lutea Picrasma excelsia Quassia amara Family Gentianaceae Simarubaceae Synonyms Yellow gentian root Bitter root Bitterwood Bitter ash Corrales Part Used Dried fermented root and rhizomes Heart wood Constituents Gentiopicrin Xanthon Quassin Scopoletin Uses Bitter tonic Appetite stimulant Bitter tonic For threadworms Insecticide

Sweet Glycosides
English Name Licorice, Spanish Licorice, Russian Scientific Name Glycyrrhiza glabra Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera Family Fabaceae Synonyms Liquorice root Glycyrrhiza Part Used Dried rhizome and roots Constituents Glycyrrhin Glycyrretic acid Uses Flavorant Anti-inflammatory Demulcent Expectorant

Coloring Glycosides
English Name Red saunders Hematoxylon Scientific Name Pterocarpus santalinus Haematoxylon campechianum Dactylopius coccus Crocus sativus Anaminta cocculus Family Fabaceae Fabaceae Synonyms Red sandalwood Log wood Red wood Cochinella Coccus Saffron Ligtang Cocculus indicus Part Used Heartwood Heartwood Constituents Santalin Santalic acid Hematoxylin Hematein Carminic acid Crocin Picrocrocin Picrotoxin Uses Coloring for cabinets Astringent Volumetric indicator Microbial stain Colorant Indicator Colorant Flavorant Fish poison Antidote to barbiturate/ narcotic poisoning

Cochnieal Crocus Cocculus

Hemiptera (order) Iridaceae Menispermaceae

Dried female insect Dried stigma and tops of styles Dried fruits