AM DSB-SC (double sideband suppressed carrier)

Modulator

the modulated signal

AM DSB-SC (double sideband suppressed carrier)

Spectrum

M ( f ) = F [m(t )] S ( f ) = F [m(t ) cos(2 f 0 t )] = F [m(t )] F [cos(2 f 0 t )] = = M ( f ) 1 [ ( f f 0 ) + ( f + f 0 )] = 2 = 1 M ( f f0 ) + 1 M ( f + f0 ) 2 2

AM DSB-SC (double sideband suppressed carrier)

fM

Power of the modulating signal

P=

| M ( f ) |2 df
S = | S ( f ) |2 df = 1 P + 1 P = 1 P 4 4 2

fM

Power of the modulated signal (DSB-SC)

(if the amplitude of the carrier signal =1)

AM DSB-SC (double sideband suppressed carrier)

Practical method of DSB-SC generation

x(t ) = m(t ) [a1 cos(2 f 0t ) + a3 cos(2 3 f 0t ) + a5 cos(2 5 f 0t ) + ] = = a1m(t ) cos(2 f 0t ) + a3m(t )cos(2 3 f 0t ) + a5 m(t )cos(2 5 f 0t ) +
DSB-SC, carrier f0 DSB-SC, carrier 3f0 DSB-SC, carrier 5f0

AM DSB-SC (double sideband suppressed carrier)

The high frequency components may be eliminated, using a filter:

At the filter output:

s (t ) = a1 m(t ) cos(2 f 0 t )

AM DSB-SC: demodulator

Receiver with a synchronous detector

bandpass filter bandwidth B lowpass filter bandwidth fM

DSBSC +noise

synchronous detector

1. DSC-SC signal without noise - input of the synchronous detector: - output of the synchronous detector : - output of the low-pass filter:

s (t ) = m(t ) cos(2 f 0 t )
m(t ) cos 2 (2 f 0 t ) = m(t ) [ 1 + 1 cos(4 f 0 t )] 2 2 s0 (t ) = 1 m(t ), 2 moc power S 0 =1P 4

AM DSB-SC: demodulator

2.

P S P signal to noise ratio at the output of the receiver SNR0 = 0 = 4 = N 0 f M 2 f M P 2 S P at the output of the channel SNR = = 2 = = SNR0 N f M 2 f M
maximum resistance to channel noise

f SNR0,max = 1 + M SNR B

B fM

Here, bandwidth expansion B/fM =2

SNR0,max = [1 + 1 SNR ] 1 > SNR0, DSBSC 2

DSBSC receiver with a synchronous detector does not attain maximum resistance to channel noise

Application of the AM DSB-SC: the analog stereo signal

L(t), R(t) left and right channel The composite stereo signal:

m(t ) = [ L(t ) + R(t )] + [ L(t ) R (t )]cos(2 f 0t ) + a cos(2

monoaural signal DSB-SC f0=38kHz

f0 t) 2

pilot 19kHz

m(t) with no pilot

Decoder of the L(t) and R(t): 2 samplers

Application of the AM DSB-SC: the analog stereo signal

Spectrum of the composite stereo signal:

monoaural signal pilot 19kHz DSB-SC f0=38kHz

AM DSB (double sideband)

Modulator

the modulated signal

AM DSB (double sideband)

Spectrum of the DSB = Spectrum of the DSB SC + carrier spectrum

Psd of the DSB SC and psd of the carrier signal are disjoint, so the power of DSB signal is a sum of the DSB SC and carrier powers. Generally, power of a sum of signals is not equal to the sum of corresponding powers. Power od the DSB signal: S = 0.5 + 0.5 P Due to transmission of the carrier, higher SNR of the channel is required, i.e. resistance to channel noise is lower for DSB than for DSB SC.

AM DSB: envelope detector

E.g. peak detector:

Application of the DSB: commercial broadcast using long and medium waves (fM=4.5 kHz, B=9 kHz)

AM SSB (single sideband)

Modulation by filtering:

DSB-(SC)

H(f)

SSB-(SC)
Power : S

= P/4

Filter ( upper SSB):

Application of the SSB: communication using short waves

AM SSB (single sideband)

x Modulation by phase shift:

m(t) HH(f)

cos(2f0t) ^ m(t)
x

+ +/-

SSB-SC

sin(2f0t)
Hilbert transform (phase shift by 90o)

-: upper SSB +: lower SSB:

s (t ) = m(t )cos(2 f 0 t ) m(t )sin( 2 f 0 t )

Power: S

=P

SSB receiver - synchronous detector

SSB+noise

BPF bandwidth fM

LPF

m*(t)=s0(t)+n0(t)

cos(2f0t)

bandwidth fM

1. (Upper) SSB without noise - output of the bandpass filter (BPF) - output of the multiplier

m(t )cos(2 f 0 t ) m(t )sin(2 f 0 t )

m(t )cos 2 (2 f 0 t ) m(t )sin(2 f 0 t )cos(2 f 0 t ) = 2 = m(t )[1 + 1 cos(4 f 0 t )] m(t ) 1 sin(4 f 0 t ) 2 2 s0 (t ) = 1 m(t ) 2
power

- output of the lowpass filter (LPF)

S0 = 1 P 4

SSB receiver - synchronous detector

SSB+noise

BPF bandwidth fM

LPF

m*(t)=s0(t)+n0(t)

cos(2f0t)

bandwidth fM

2. Noise only

N0 =

fM
4
- at the output of the channel

- at the output of the receiver

SNR0 =

S0 P = N0 fM

SNR =

S P = N fM

This is the maximum SNR0 at the bandwidth expansion

B =1 fM

AM SSB - spectra

Receiver: synchronous detector

upper SSB

AM SSB - spectra

lower SSB

AM VSB (vestigial sideband)

Modulator:

DSB

H(f)

VSB

Filter:

Application of the VSB: terrestrial analog TV

Synchronous detector with phase error

s(t)

BPF

LPF

s0(t)

cos(2f0t+)
phase error 1. Reception of the DSBSC signal - output of the bandpass filter (BPF) - output of the multiplier

m(t )cos(2 f 0 t )

m(t ) cos(2 f 0 t ) cos(2 f 0 t + ) =

s0 (t ) = 1 m(t ) cos 2
power

= 1 m(t )[cos + cos(4 f 0 t + )] 2

- output of the lowpass filter (LPF)

S 0 = 1 P cos 2 4

Synchronous detector with phase error

s(t)

BPF

LPF

s0(t)

cos(2f0t+)
2. Reception of the SSB-SC signal - output of the bandpass filter (BPF) - output of the multiplier

m(t )cos(2 f 0 t ) + m(t )sin(2 f 0 t )

m(t )cos(2 f 0 t ) cos(2 f 0 t + ) + m(t )sin(2 f 0 t )cos(2 f 0 t + ) = = 1 m(t )[cos + 1 cos(4 f 0 t + )]+ 1 m(t )[ sin + sin(4 f 0 t + )] 2 2 2 s0 (t ) = 1 m(t )cos 1 m(t )sin - output of the lowpass filter (LPF) 2 2
In acoustical applications m(t) is also a useful output signal, so the output signal s0(t) does not disappear even for =90

S0 = 1 P 4