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Regala Falsa
Aproximaciones Sucesivas
Newton Raphson
Von Mises
Interpolacin y Aproximacin
Lagrange
Newton
Mnimos Cuadrados
Splines cbicos
Integracin Numrica
Trapecio
Simpson 1/3
Gauss
es Lineales
les Ordinarias
Lu
C
is I
Me
e ja
na
Encontrar un valor que satisfaga la ecuacin dada usando el Mtodo Regla Falsa, con un e
f(x) e
lnx
x (1,2)
raiz
Itera.
f(a)
f(b)
error
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.3974105
1.3211305
1.3112696
1.3099904
1.3098243
1.3098028
1.3098
1.3097996
1.3097996
1.3097996
1.3097996
2
1.3974105
1.3211305
1.3112696
1.3099904
1.3098243
1.3098028
1.3098
1.3097996
1.3097996
1.3097996
0.3678794
0.3678794
0.3678794
0.3678794
0.3678794
0.3678794
0.3678794
0.3678794
0.3678794
0.3678794
0.3678794
-0.08738451
-0.011654347
-0.001518073
-0.000197127
-2.55872E-05
-3.32106E-06
-4.3105E-07
-5.59473E-08
-7.26156E-09
-9.42498E-10
-1.22329E-10
-0.5578119
-0.0873845
-0.0116543
-0.0015181
-0.0001971
-2.559E-05
-3.321E-06
-4.311E-07
-5.595E-08
-7.262E-09
-9.425E-10
0.0577384
0.0075202
0.0009765
0.0001267
1.645E-05
2.135E-06
2.771E-07
3.597E-08
4.669E-09
6.06E-10
Es claro que la iteracin 7 nos da el valor requerido 1.3097996 con un error de 0.0000002
1 .5
Ln
(x)
ex
3
2 .5
0 .5
1 .5
- 0 .5
0 .5
-1
0
- 1 .5
-0 .5
-2
0
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .2
1 .4
1 .6
1 .8
-1
0
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
x (1,2)
ck
f(b k ) a k f(a k ) b k
f(b k ) f(a k )
P r im e r a
a p r o x . a la
r a iz
r a iz
x
b
0 .2
0 .4
0 .6
0 .8
1 .2
ln ( x )
1 .4
1 .6
1 .8
g(x) 4lnx
Newton-Raphson
f ( x)
g ( xi ) xi
f ( x i )
x i +1 x i
ln x i 4 + x i
1
+ 2 xi
xi
sucesin
sucesin
1.97233912
1.82230069
1.84388182
1.84068655
1.84115762
1.84108813
1.84109838
1.84109686
1.84109709
1.84109705
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.96146055
1.84392236
1.84109867
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.84109706
1.84109706
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
aproximacin
inicial
1.11614233
0.00001
Aproximaciones Sucesivas
ln x 4 x
Aprox
Aprox
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
Raz
g ( xi )
x i +1 x i
ln x i
1
+
x0
4 x
intervalo
(1,2)
Cmo calcularlo?
Von-Mises
g ( xi ) xi
x i +1 x i
f ( x)
f ( x 0 )
ln x i 4 + x i
1
+ 2 x0
x0
g ( xi )
sucesin
1.96146055
1.79490718
1.85671691
1.83555237
1.8430333
1.84041697
1.84133545
1.84101343
1.84112638
1.84108677
1.84110067
1.84109579
1.8410975
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Aprox
Raz
Raz
Regresar al Men
Como g ( x)
luego ,
como
x>0
4 ln x
g ( x)
1
2 x 4 ln x
1
<1
2 x 4 ln x
4 ln x > 0
4 ln x > 0 ,
x < e4
ln x > 4 ,
ln x < 4
y 4 x 2 ln x
1
1
y y 2 + 2 , luego
x
x
fcilmente podemos ver que y < 0 , al menos en (1,2).
entonces
y 2 x
1
4 ln x
ln x < 4
.6
converge.
Regresar al Men
y 4 x2
y ln x
0.5
1.5
2.5
ln x 4 x 2
GAUSS-SEIDEL
De qu orden es el sistema a resolver?
SEIDEL
2
3
GAUSS-SEIDEL (orden 2)
a11 x1 + a12 x 2 b1
a 21 x1 + a 22 x 2 b2
Digita los elementos de la Matriz Aumentada
del Sistema que pretendes resolver,
cuya matriz de coeficientes sea DOMINANTE.
3
1
1
2
1
-2
X X +
0.0000
-0.5000
-0.3333
0.0000
0.3333
-1.0000
x2
Iteraciones
x1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.33330
0.72214
0.78695
0.79774
0.79954
0.79984
0.79989
0.79990
0.79990
0.79990
-1.16665
-1.36107
-1.39347
-1.39887
-1.39977
-1.39992
-1.39995
-1.39995
-1.39995
-1.39995
error en
error en
x1
x2
1.00000
0.53846
0.08234
0.01354
0.00225
0.00037
0.00006
0.00001
0.00000
0.00000
1.00000
0.14284
0.02325
0.00386
0.00064
0.00011
0.00002
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
x1
x2
0.79990
-1.39995
Regresar al Men
GAUSS-SEIDEL (orden 3)
a11 x1 + a12 x2 + a13 x3 b1
2
5
1
3
-1
6
5
2
1
X X +
0.0000
-0.4000
0.1667
-0.6667
0.0000
-0.1667
-1.0000
0.2000
0.0000
1.6667
0.4000
0.1667
Iteraciones
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
x1
x2
x3
1.666667
1.355556
1.296296
1.303210
1.304527
1.304373
1.304344
1.304347
1.304348
1.304348
-0.266667
-0.044444
-0.038519
-0.043457
-0.043588
-0.043479
-0.043476
-0.043478
-0.043478
-0.043478
0.488889
0.400000
0.389136
0.391111
0.391353
0.391309
0.391303
0.391304
0.391304
0.391304
error en
error en
error en
x1
x2
x3
1.00000
0.22951
0.04571
0.00531
0.00101
0.00012
0.00002
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
1.00000
5.00000
0.15385
0.11364
0.00302
0.00252
0.00007
0.00006
0.00000
0.00000
1.00000
0.22222
0.02792
0.00505
0.00062
0.00011
0.00001
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
x1
1.304348
x2
-0.043478
x3
0.391304
Regresar al Men
JACOBI
De qu orden es el sistema a resolver?
2
3
JACOBI (orden 2)
a11 x1 + a12 x 2 b1
a 21 x1 + a 22 x 2 b2
Digita los elementos de la Matriz Aumentada
del Sistema que pretendes resolver,
cuya matriz de coeficientes sea DOMINANTE.
3
1
1
2
1
-2
X X +
0.0000
-0.5000
-0.3333
0.0000
0.3333
-1.0000
x2
Iteraciones
x1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.333333
-1
0.66660
0.72215
0.77769
0.78695
0.79620
0.79774
0.79929
0.79954
0.79980
0.79984
-1.16667
-1.33330
-1.36108
-1.38884
-1.39347
-1.39810
-1.39887
-1.39964
-1.39977
-1.39990
error en
error en
x1
x2
0.49995
0.07692
0.07142
0.01176
0.01162
0.00193
0.00193
0.00032
0.00032
0.00005
0.14286
0.12498
0.02041
0.01999
0.00332
0.00331
0.00055
0.00055
0.00009
0.00009
x1
x2
0.79984
-1.39990
Regresar al Men
JACOBI (orden 3)
a11 x1 + a12 x2 + a13 x3 b1
2
5
1
3
-1
6
5
2
1
X X +
0.0000
-0.4000
0.1667
-0.6667
0.0000
-0.1667
-1.0000
0.2000
0.0000
x1
1.304349
x2
-0.043477
x3
0.391304
1.6667
0.4000
0.1667
x2
x3
Iteraciones
x1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1.666667
0.4
0.166667
1.233333
1.444444
1.267407
1.320000
1.289432
1.308675
1.301962
1.305962
1.303804
1.304668
1.304168
1.304417
1.304307
1.304368
1.304339
1.304353
1.304345
1.304349
-0.233333
-0.017778
-0.095556
-0.024889
-0.049235
-0.037610
-0.045514
-0.042575
-0.044136
-0.043237
-0.043602
-0.043404
-0.043508
-0.043462
-0.043487
-0.043475
-0.043480
-0.043477
0.377778
0.411111
0.410370
0.393827
0.390815
0.389778
0.391047
0.391246
0.391423
0.391323
0.391317
0.391295
0.391304
0.391303
0.391305
0.391304
0.391305
0.391304
Regresar al Men
error en
error en
error en
x1
x2
x3
0.35135
0.14615
0.13968
0.03984
0.02371
0.01470
0.00516
0.00306
0.00166
0.00066
0.00038
0.00019
0.00008
0.00005
0.00002
0.00001
0.00001
0.00000
2.71429
12.12500
0.81395
2.83929
0.49448
0.30909
0.17367
0.06903
0.03535
0.02078
0.00838
0.00458
0.00240
0.00105
0.00057
0.00028
0.00013
0.00007
0.55882
0.08108
0.00181
0.04201
0.00771
0.00266
0.00325
0.00051
0.00045
0.00025
0.00001
0.00006
0.00002
0.00000
0.00001
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
INTERPOLACIN DE LAGRAN
Punto a Interpolar
Puntos dados
2
4
10
15
18
20
205
290
350
410
460
510
Valor interpolado
12096
322.162
-59904
24192
ACIN DE LAGRANGE
n
Y ( x)
L ( x) y
i 1
Donde
Li ( x)
j 1
( x xi )
, i j i 1, 2,...,n
( xi x j )
Regresar al Men
-41.3942
29568 237.273
-12096 -19200
-5376
220.5
10725
-4032
-205.516
-10752
-3456
172.5
28800
-61.2
INTERPOLACIN DE NEWT
Punto a Interpolar
Puntos dados
xi
yi
0
2
4
6
8
10
2
8
62
212
506
992
Valor interpolado
y k y0 + k Y0 +
7
i
6
54
150
294
486
338
48
96
144
192
k ( k 1)
2!
NTERPOLACIN DE NEWTON
y k y0 + k Y0 +
3
k ( k 1) 2
k ( k 1)( k 2) 3
k ( k 1)( k 2)( k 3) 4
Y0 +
Y0 +
Y0 +
2!
3!
4!
4
Donde
48
48
48
Regresar al Men
x k x0
h
o suavizamiento lineal
xi
0
0.15
0.31
0.5
0.6
0.75
f ( xi )
1
1.004
1.031
1.117
1.223
1.422
x i2
0
0.0225
0.0961
0.25
0.36
0.5625
f ( xi ) xi
0
0.1506
0.31961
0.5585
0.7338
1.0665
6
2.31
2.31
1.2911
a0
0.92951404
a1
0.52810205
0.92951404
2.31
6.797
1.2911
2.8290
6.797
2.8290
n a 0 + a 1 x i
i 1
n
n
a 0 x i + a 1 x i2
i 1
i 1
+0.52810205 x
f ( xi )
f ( xi ) xi
i 1
n
i 1
xi
f ( xi )
x i2
f ( xi ) xi
x i3
x i4
0
0.15
0.31
0.5
0.6
0.75
1
1.004
1.031
1.117
1.223
1.422
0
0.0225
0.0961
0.25
0.36
0.5625
0
0.1506
0.31961
0.5585
0.7338
1.0665
0
0.003375
0.029791
0.125
0.216
0.421875
0
0.00050625
0.00923521
0.0625
0.1296
0.31640625
2.31
6.797
1.2911
2.8290
0.7960
0.5182
f ( xi ) xi2
n
n
n
2
n
b
+
b
x
+
b
x
f ( xi )
0
1 i
2 i
i 1
i 1
i 1
n
n
n
2
3
b 0 xi + b 1 xi + b 3 xi f ( xi ) xi
i 1
i 1
i 1
n
n
n
2
3
4
2
b
x
+
b
x
+
b
1 i
3 xi f ( xi ) xi
0 i
i 1
i 1
i 1
0
0.02259
0.0990791
0.27925
0.44028
0.799875
6
2.31
1.2911
2.31
1.2911
0.7960
1.2911
0.7960
0.5182
6.797
2.8290
1.6411
b 0 1.011340993
b1 -0.32569875
b2 1.147330305
x
+
1.011340993 -0.32569875 x1.147330305
Regresar al Men
1.6411
xi
f ( xi )
x i2
x i3
x i4
x i5
x i6
0
0.15
0.31
0.5
0.6
0.75
1
1.004
1.031
1.117
1.223
1.422
0
0.0225
0.0961
0.25
0.36
0.5625
0
0.003375
0.029791
0.125
0.216
0.421875
0
0.00050625
0.00923521
0.0625
0.1296
0.31640625
0
0.00050625
0.00923521
0.0625
0.1296
0.31640625
0
0.00050625
0.00923521
0.0625
0.1296
0.31640625
2.31
6.797
1.2911
0.7960
0.5182
0.5182
0.5182
f ( xi ) xi
f ( xi ) xi2
0
0.1506
0.31961
0.5585
0.7338
1.0665
0
0.02259
0.0990791
0.27925
0.44028
0.799875
f ( x i ) x i3
0
0.0033885
0.030714521
0.139625
0.264168
0.59990625
nc 0
n
c
0 xi
i 1
n
c 0 xi2
i 1
n 3
c 0 xi
i 1
6
2.31
1.2911
0.7960
+
+
+
+
c 1 xi
c 1 xi2
c 1 xi3
c1 x
i 1
n
i 1
n
i 1
n
i 1
2.31
1.2911
0.7960
0.5182
4
i
c 2 xi2
c 2 xi3
c 2 xi4
c2 x
i 1
n
i 1
n
i 1
n
i 1
1.2911
0.7960
0.5182
0.5182
5
i
c 3 xi3
c 3 xi4
c 3 xi5
c3 x
i 1
n
i 1
n
i 1
n
i 1
6
i
1.6411
1.0378
f (x )
c0
0.93372
c1
0.507664
c2
-0.053113
c3
0.113755
f (x )x
i 1
n
f (x )x
i 1
n
i 1
2
i
f (x )x
Regresar al Men
2
Y 0.933720 + 0.507664 x -0.053113 x
i 1
n
0.7960
0.5182
0.5182
0.5182
3
i
+
+
+
+
c 3 xi3
c 3 xi4
c 3 xi5
c3 x
i 1
n
i 1
n
i 1
n
i 1
6
i
f (x )
i
i 1
n
i 1
n
f ( xi ) xi
f (x )x
i
i 1
n
f (x )x
i
i 1
6.797
2.8290
1.6411
1.0378
Regresar al Men
n Cbica es:
x 2 +0.113755 x
roximacin es:
2
i
3
i
6.797
2.31
1.2911
2.82901
1.2911
0.796041
1.6410741
0.796041 0.51824771
1.03780227 0.51824771 0.51824771
6
6.797
1.2911
2.31
2.82901
0.796041
1.2911
1.6410741 0.51824771
0.796041 1.03780227 0.51824771
6
2.31
-0.07341431 =Delta
1.2911
-0.06854838
0.796041
-0.03726978
6
0.00389925
2.31
-0.00835126
1.2911
0.796041
0.7960
0.5182
0.5182
0.5182
0.7960
0.5182
0.5182
0.5182
2.3100
6.797
1.2911
2.82901
0.7960
1.6410741
0.5182 1.03780227
2.3100
1.2911
1.2911
0.796041
0.7960 0.51824771
0.5182 0.51824771
0.7960
0.5182
0.5182
0.5182
6.7970
2.8290
1.6411
1.0378
INTEGRACIN NUMR
b
f ( x ) dx
Trapecio
Simpson
Gauss
f(x) analitica
EGRACIN NUMRICA
b
f ( x ) dx
Trapecio
f(x) analitica
x
f ( x ) dx
xi
-2
2
0.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
f ( xi )
0.1353353
0.3246525
0.6065307
0.8824969
1
0.8824969
0.6065307
0.3246525
0.1353353
2.38135
( x ) dx
Trapecio
f(x) discreta
xi
f ( xi )
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
1
0.8825
0.60653
0.32465
0.13534
0.04394
0.01111
0.00219
0.00034
1.253
Simpson
f(x) analtica
x
f ( x ) dx
xi
-2
2
0.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
f ( xi )
0.135335283
0.324652467
0.60653066
0.882496903
1
0.882496903
0.60653066
0.324652467
0.135335283
2.392331
f ( x ) dx
Simpson
f(x) discreta
xi
f ( xi )
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
1
0.99501
0.9802
0.956
0.92312
0.8825
0.83527
0.7827
0.72615
0.722
Regresar al Men
CUADRATURA DE GAUSS
b
f ( x ) dx
DE GAUSS
CUADRATURA DE GAUSS
Dos puntos
Limites de
integracin
-1
-0.57735027
0.57735027
El integrando es:
2+ x
-0.57735
0.5773503
El valor de la Integral
A
1
1
f(x)
1.1927488
1.6054128
Regresar al Men
SS
b
2+ x
Regresar al Men
f ( x ) dx
CUADRATURA DE GAUSS
Tres puntos
Limites de
integracin
-2
El integrando es:
e
t
-0.77459667
0
0.77459667
0.5555556
0.8888889
0.5555556
f(x)
-1.549193
0
1.5491933
El valor de la Integra
0.3011942
1
0.3011942
Regresar al Men
USS
b
Regresar al Men
f ( x ) dx
y 1 t + 4 y
y (0 )
t
0
0.025
0.05
0.075
0.1
0.125
0.15
0.175
0.2
0.225
0.25
0.275
0.3
0.325
0.35
0.375
0.4
0.425
0.45
0.475
0.5
0.525
0.55
0.575
0.6
0.625
0.65
0.675
0.7
0.725
0.75
0.775
0.8
0.825
0.85
0.875
0.9
0.925
0.95
0.975
t
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
t
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.1
1
1.5
2.19
3.146
4.4744
6.32416
8.903824
12.5053536
17.537495
24.5724931
34.4114903
Regresar al Men
0.05
1
1.25
1.5475
1.902
2.3249
2.82988
3.433356
4.1550272
5.01853264
6.05223917
7.290187
8.7732244
10.5503693
12.6804431
15.2340318
18.2958381
21.9675057
26.3710069
31.6527083
37.9882499
45.5883999
0.025
1
1.125
1.261875
1.4118125
1.57611875
1.75623063
1.95372869
2.17035156
2.40801171
2.66881288
2.95506917
3.26932609
3.6143837
3.99332207
4.40952927
4.8667322
5.36903042
5.92093346
6.52740181
7.19389199
7.92640619
8.73154681
9.61657649
10.5894841
11.6590576
12.8349633
14.1278346
15.5493681
17.1124299
18.8311729
20.7211652
22.7995317
25.0851099
27.5986209
30.362858
33.4028938
36.7463081
40.4234389
44.4676578
48.9156736
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
53.807866
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1
0 )
0.01
1
1.05
1.1019
1.155776
1.21170704
1.26977532
1.33006633
1.39266899
1.45767575
1.52518278
1.59529009
1.66810169
1.74372576
1.82227479
1.90386578
1.98862041
2.07666523
2.16813184
2.26315711
2.3618834
2.46445873
2.57103708
2.68177856
2.79684971
2.9164237
3.04068064
3.16980787
3.30400018
3.44346019
3.5883986
3.73903454
3.89559592
4.05831976
4.22745255
4.40325065
4.58598068
4.77591991
4.9733567
5.17859097
5.39193461
y 1 y 0 + h f(x 0 , y 0 )
y y + h f(x , y )
2
1
1
1
y i +1 y i + h f(x i , y i )
y n y n 1 + h f(x n 1 , y n 1 )
5.613712
5.84426048
6.08393089
6.33308813
6.59211166
6.86139612
7.14135197
7.43240605
7.73500229
8.04960238
8.37668647
8.71675393
9.07032409
9.43793705
9.82015454
10.2175607
10.6307631
11.0603937
11.5071094
11.9715938
12.4545575
12.9567398
13.4789094
14.0218658
14.5864405
15.1734981
15.783938
16.4186955
17.0787433
17.7650931
18.4787968
19.2209487
19.9926866
20.7951941
21.6297018
22.4974899
23.3998895
24.3382851
25.3141165
26.3288811
27.3841364
28.4815019
29.6226619
30.8093684
32.0434431
33.3267809
34.6613521
36.0492062
37.4924744
38.9933734
40.5542083
42.1773767
43.8653717
45.6207866
47.4463181
49.3447708
51.3190616
53.3722241
55.5074131
57.7279096
60.037126
y 1 t + 4 y
y (0 )
f(t n + h , y n + hy
t
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
yn
yn
1
1.595
2.4636
3.737128
5.60994944
8.36972517
12.4421933
18.457446
27.3480201
40.4940698
59.9382232
5
7.28
10.6544
15.648512
23.0397978
33.9789007
50.168773
74.1297841
109.59208
162.076279
239.752893
6.9
10.092
14.81616
21.8079168
32.1557169
47.470461
70.1362822
103.681698
153.328913
226.806791
335.55405
,
n
y (0 )
1
y n +1 y n +1 u n +1 y n + h f(x n , y n )
*
y n +1 y n +
)
n
0.1
1.595
2.4636
3.737128
5.60994944
8.36972517
12.4421933
18.457446
27.3480201
40.4940698
59.9382232
0.05
0.025
0.01
Regresar al Men
h f(x n , y n ) + f(x n +1 , u n +1 )
2
y 1 t + 4 y
Runge-Kutta para diferentes valores de h
k n1
k n2
k n3
5
7.33573333
10.8200246
16.017658
23.7711411
35.3372702
52.5908505
78.3285914
116.722437
173.995817
259.432427
5.95
8.75288
12.9340295
19.1711896
28.4753693
42.3547242
63.0590206
93.9443097
140.016925
208.744981
311.268913
6.14
9.03630933
13.3568305
19.801896
29.4162149
43.758215
65.1526546
97.0674534
144.675822
215.694813
321.63621
k n4
7.356
10.8502571
16.0627568
23.8384164
35.4376271
52.7405562
78.5519124
117.055573
174.492766
260.173743
387.986911
t
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
4y
y (0 )
rentes valores de h
Runge-Kutta de cuarto orden
0.1
1
1.6089333
2.5050062
3.8294145
5.7927853
8.7093175
13.047713
19.507148
29.130609
43.473954
64.858107
0.05
0.025
y i +1 y i +
h
k 1 + 2k 2 + 2k 3 + k 4
6
Donde
k 1 f(x, y)
hk 1
h
,y +
)
2
2
hk 2
h
k 3 f(x + , y +
)
2
2
k 4 f(x + h, y + hk 3 )
k 2 f(x +
Regresar al Men