Example of Nanomaterials As the world is advancing, there are many nanomaterials that being produces and engineered.

Nanomaterials is also a new step in the evolution of understanding and utilization of materials. Example of nanomaterials are carbon nanotube, nanoparticle, metal rubber, quantum dots, nanopores and many more.

Nanotechnology, shortened to "nanotech", is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures of the size 100 nanometers or smaller in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size. Nanotechnology range is very wide from the smallest particles that cannot be seen by naked eye to the the food you ate and clothes you wear.

1. Carbon Nanotubes Background Carbon nanotubes are carbon sheets rolled to form either a seamless cylinder, known as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), or many cylinders stacked one inside the other, known as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The lengths of these tubes generally range from several hundred nanometers (nm) to several micrometers (m), though tubes in the millimetre range have also been reported. Their diameter is dependent on the number of walls and is usually less than 100 nm. As a result of their good physical and chemical properties such as the strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus respectively and good electrical and thermal conductor, carbon nanotubes have potential use in a variety of industrial and biomedical applications including: catalysts biosensors composite materials with improved mechanical and electrical properties, and drug carriers.

2. Nanoparticles

In nanotechnology, a nanoparticle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit in terms of its transport and properties. It is further classified according to size: in terms of diameter. Particles in the nano range are being investigated for a number of applications, like: wear resistance, scratch protection, blocking of light. A good example of this last application is the blocking of ultraviolet light by zinc oxide particles for cosmetics. The blocking power is directly related to particle size, size distribution, particle loading and the dispersion. Other application examples of nanoparticles are: Filter media. The active component is an alumina (AlOOH) fiber two nanometers in diameter. The nano alumina fiber is highly electropositive, and will attract and retain particles. Silver has long been known to inhibit oxygen exchange, effectively killing bacteria. Nanosilver has been demonstrated to enhance that effect, and is currently being used in wound dressings for critical-burn victims. Other nanoparticles can be used as pharmaceutical carriers to specifically deliver disease-fighting drugs to afflicted body areas, thus minimizing secondary effects. In fuel cells perovskites are being discussed as electrode materials for use as cathodes. Specifically the high surface area and the high ionic conductivity of the material is of interest.

3. Quantum Dots A semiconductor whose excitons are confined in all three spatial dimensions. Basically a single electron trapped

inside a cage of atoms and when the dot is exposed to a pulse of light at the right time and wavelength, the electron is raised to an exited state. Thus when the electron fall back to its ground state, these dots then have the ability to glow. Quantum dots are a special class of materials known as semiconductor. Quantum dots are very special because they are so small that 4,000,000 dots take up 2cm. At these small sizes quantum dots enable never before seen appications to science and technology. New markets and applications emerges as we continue to innovate, works and master the quantum dot technology. Now the researchers are trying to harnest quantum dots full potential. used is based on quantum dots such as:

Many application

used for LED memory storage solar cells and disease

In the near future there will be a foldable wide screen TV, or a truly foldable phone, right in your pocket, instead of paint, you have walls which are screens that can display movies or tv shows, walls that can change colours to your mood, and help you get to sleep, and a newspaper that actually only on a single surface.

4. Nanoshell A type of spherical nanoparticle consisting of a dielectric core which is covered by a thin metallic shell (usually gold). Nanoshells possess highly favorable optical and chemical properties for biomedical imaging and therapeutic applications. In

addition, nanoshells offer other advantages over conventional organic dyes including improved optical properties.

Nanoshells designed to absorb various wavelengths of light (the six vials on the right), including infrared (vial at far right) compared to gold colloid (far left). Nanoshell properties is chemically inert and water-soluble, can be used as efficient catalysts, forms stable dispersions and also non-magnetic; therefore they can be useful in biological applications.

5. Metal

Rubber

A self-assembled nanocomposite material that combines the high electrical conductivity of metals with the low mechanical modulus of elastomers. This metal rubber also flexible, indestructible material that can be heated, frozen, washed or doused with jet fuel, and still retain its electricityconducting properties.

A process called self-assembly is used by chemists and engineers to make this rubber metal. The material is repeatedly dipped into positively charged and negatively charged solutions. The positive and negative charges bond, forming layers that conduct electricity. Metal rubber is used for:

bendy, electrically charged aircraft wings body armor durable electronic sensors artificial muscles wearable computers and abuse-resistant, flexible circuits, like cell phones

6. Nanopores

Nanoporous materials area class of compounds that contain a regular ordered framework possessing pores on the nanoscale. The collection includes mainly natural or synthetic zeolites. There are many types of nanopores such as biological nanopores, solid-state nanopores, and hybrid nanopores.

Nanopore analysis is an emerging technique that involves using a voltage to drive molecules through a nanoscale pore in a membrane between two electrolytes, and monitoring how the ionic current through the nanopore changes as single molecules pass through it. Using this approach, many application can be used such as DNA sequencing, transport of various ions, detect target molecules at very low concentrations from very small sample volumes, simultaneously screen panels of biomarkers or genes and eliminate cumbersome amplification and conversion steps.

Reference
1.

Nanoparticles, Gunter Schmidt Edition, Wiley-VCH, 2004.

2. Lewis, L. N. Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.) 1993, 93, 2693.

3. Iqbal, S. & Bashir, R. Nanopores: Sensing and Fundamental Biological Interactions (Springer, 2011).

4. Brongersma, M. L. Nanoshells: Gifts in a Gold Wrapper. Nature

Materials 2, 296-297 (2003).