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Multiple Choice
1. Agasolineengineabsorbs2500Jofheatandperforms1000Jofmechanicalwork ineachcycle.Theefficiencyoftheengineis a. b. c. d. e. 2. 80% 40% 60% 20% 50%
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Aheatengineabsorbs2500Jofheatfromahotreservoirandexpels1000Jtoa coldreservoir.Whenitisruninreverse,withthesamereservoirs,theengine pumps2500Jofheattothehotreservoir,requiring1500Jofworktodoso.Find theratiooftheworkdonebytheheatenginetotheworkdonebythepump.Is theheatenginereversible? a. b. c. d. e. 1.0(no) 1.0(yes) 1.5(yes) 1.5(no) 2.5(no)
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Onekilogramofchilledwaterat32F(0C)isplacedinafreezerwhichiskeptat 0F(18C).Approximatelyhowmuchelectricenergy(inkilocalories)isneeded tooperatethecompressortocoolthiswaterto0Fiftheroomtemperatureis J 5 J 3 maintainedat75F(24C)?( Lice = 3.33 10 kg ; cice = 2.09 10 kgC ) a. b. c. d. e. 13 1.5 15 16 33
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Exactly500gramsoficearemeltedatatemperatureof32F.( Lice = 333J/g .)The changeinentropy(inJ/K)is a. b. c. d. e. 321 146 512 610 5230
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Tenkilogramsofwaterat0Cismixedwith10kgofwaterat100C.Thechange inentropy(incal/K)ofthesystemis a. 1000 b. 480 c. 720 d. 240 e. 168 Avesselcontaining10kgofwaterisleftoutwhereitevaporates.Ifthe temperatureremainsconstantat20C,whatisthechangeinentropy(inkcal/K)? (Thelatentheatofvaporizationat20Cis585cal/g.) a. 30 b. 10 c. 20 d. 40 e. 290 Agasolineengineabsorbs2500Jofheatat250Candexpels2000Jata temperatureof50C.Thechangeinentropy(inJ/K)forthesystemis a. 6.2 b. 4.7 c. 1.4 d. 10.9 e. 3.2
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100gramsofmoltenlead(600C)isusedtomakemusketballs.Iftheleadshotis allowedtocooltoroomtemperature(21C),whatisthechangeinentropy(in J/K)ofthelead?(Forthespecificheatofmoltenandsolidleaduse1.29J/gC; thelatentheatoffusionandthemeltingpointofleadare2.45 10 J/kgand 327C.) a. 140 b. 252 c. 302 d. 429 e. 100
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ACarnotcycle,operatingasaheatengine,consists,intheordergiven,of a. b. c. d. e. anisothermalexpansion,anisothermalcompression,anadiabatic expansionandanadiabaticcompression. anadiabaticexpansion,anadiabaticcompression,anisothermalexpansion andanisothermalcompression. anisothermalexpansion,anadiabaticcompression,anisothermal compressionandanadiabaticexpansion. anadiabaticcompression,anisothermalcompression,anisothermal expansionandanadiabaticexpansion. anisothermalexpansion,anadiabaticexpansion,anisothermal compressionandanadiabaticcompression.
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InanengineoperatingintheOttocycle,thefinalvolumeofthefuelairmixture isonesixththeinitialvolume.Assume = 1.4 .Themaximumtheoretical efficiencyofthiscycle,inpercent,is a. b. c. d. e. 17. 49. 51. 56. 83.
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Thethermalefficiencyofaheatengineisgivenby a. b. c. d. e.
e=
Weng
| Qh | |Q ||Q | c e= h . |Q | h T e =1 h . T c
alloftheformulasabove. only(a)or(b)above.
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Rl Selenastatesthat Sf S =n n i
V f provesthatentropyhasadefinitevalueat V i
thebeginningandendofanadiabaticfreeexpansion.Ronsays
W Sf S =k l f ,whereWisthenumberofmicrostatesofagivenmacrostate. n i B W i
OnlySelena,becauseentropycandependonlyonmacroscopicvariables. OnlyRon,becauseentropycandependonlyonmicroscopicvariables. OnlySelena,because
Whichone,ifeither,iscorrect? a. b. c. d. e.
Vf Tf = inanadiabaticfreeexpansion. Vi T i
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Open-Ended Problems
49. Inanuclearpowerplant,thereactorproduces500Csteamthatisusedtopower thesteamturbineswhichgenerate1500MWofelectricalpower.Thecooling towereliminatesthewasteheatat50C.Iftheefficiencyoftheplantwerethatof aCarnotengine,atwhatratewouldwasteheatbeventedtotheatmosphere? EverysecondatNiagaraFalls,some5000m ofwaterfallsadistanceof50m. Whatistheincreaseinentropypersecondduetothefallingwater?(Assumea 20Cenvironment). OneendofacopperrodisinthermalcontactwithahotreservoiratT=500K andtheotherendisinthermalcontactwithacoolerreservoiratT=300K.Find theentropychangeofeachreservoir,andthetotalentropychange,when8000J ofheatenergyareconductedfromoneendoftherodtotheotherwithnochange inthetemperaturedistributionintherod.
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