FIGURE 11.1 Screw Thread Nomenclature.

FIGURE 11.2 Screw Thread Forms.

Practical Tips
Chamfer on nuts and bolts
Nuts and bolts are usually chamfered (cut at an angle to form a beveled edge). This makes bolts easier to start into a threaded hole, and removes the sharp corners from nuts, making them easier to handle.

The chamfer on bolts is usually at 45 degrees from the thread depth. The chamfer on nuts is shown as 30 degrees.

(g)

(h)

( i)

( j)

FIGURE 11.3 Thread Notes.

FIGURE 11.4 Pitch of Threads.

FIGURE 11.5 Right-Hand and Left-Hand Threads.

FIGURE 11.6 Multiple Threads.

FIGURE 11.7 Detailed Metric, American National, and Unified Threads.

FIGURE 11.8 External Thread Symbols.

FIGURE 11.9 Internal Thread Symbols.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(j)

(k)

(m)

(n)

(o)

(p)

(q)

FIGURE 11.10 To Draw Thread SymbolsSimplified and Schematic.

FIGURE 11.12 Square Threads in Assembly.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

FIGURE 11.13 Detailed RepresentationInternal Square Threads.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) (f)

FIGURE 11.14

Detailed RepresentationAcme Threads.

Step by Step 11.1

Showing detailed thread

4 2

Step by Step 11.2

Detailed representation of square threads
Detailed representation of external square threads is only used when the major diameter is over about 1 inch or 25 mm, and it is important to show the detail of the thread on the finished sketch or plotted drawing. The steps to create detailed square thread are as follows:

Practical Tip
End view of a shaft
The end view of the shaft illustrated in Step by Step 11.2 is shown below. Note that the root circle is hidden; no attempt is made to show the true projection.

If the end of a shaft is chamfered, a solid circle would be drawn instead of the hidden circle.

Hands On 11.1
Sketching thread symbols
1. Sketch the proper threads on the sketches below using detailed representation.

Single

Double

Triple

2. Complete the sketches below using either schematic or simplified thread symbols, as specified.

3. Sketch single threads in section and elevation below.

Schematic

Single in section

Single in elevation

End of rod Simplified

FIGURE 11.15 Use of Phantom Lines.

FIGURE 11.16 Threads in Assembly.

FIGURE 11.17 American National Standard Taper Pipe Thread [ANSI/ASME B1.20.11983 (R1992)].

FIGURE 11.18 Conventional Pipe Thread Representation.

FIGURE 11.19 Conventional Representation of Pipe Threads.

FIGURE 11.20 Bolt, Cap Screw, and Stud.

FIGURE 11.21 Types of Screwheads.

FIGURE 11.22 Drilled and Tapped Holes.

FIGURE 11.24 Bolt Proportions (Regular).

C A D

A T

W O R K

Fastener Libraries

FIGURE 11.25 Bolts Across Flats.

Step by Step 11.3

Sketching hexagonal bolts, cap screws, and nuts
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Step by Step 11.4

Sketching square bolts, cap screws, and nuts
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

FIGURE 11.26 Locknuts and Locking Devices.

Hexagon Head Screws Coarse, Fine, or 8-Thread Series, 2A. Thread length 2D 1 up to 6 long and 2D 1 if over 6 4 2 1 long. For screws too short for formula, threads extend to within 22 threads of the head for diameters up to 1 . Screw lengths not standardized. For suggested lengths for metric Hexagon Head Screws, see Appendix 15. 1 Slotted Head Screws Coarse, Fine, or 8-Thread Series, 2A. Thread length 2D 4 . Screw lengths not standardized. For screws too short for formula, threads extend to within 21 threads of the head. 2 1 Hexagon Socket Screws Coarse or Fine Threads, 3A. Coarse thread length 2D 1 where this would be over 2 L; other2 1 1 3 wise thread length L. Fine thread length 11 D where this would be over 3 L; otherwise thread length 2 2 2 8 8 L. 1 1 1 1 1 Increments in screw lengths 8 for screws 4 to 1 long, 4 for screws 1 to 3 long, and 2 for screws 32 to 6 long.

FIGURE 11.27 Standard Cap Screws. See Appendixes 18 and 19.

FIGURE 11.28 Standard Machine Screws. See Appendix 20.

FIGURE 11.29 American National Standard Set Screws.

Courtesy of Cordova Bolt Inc., Buena Park, CA.

FIGURE 11.30 American National Standard Wood Screws.

FIGURE 11.31 Miscellaneous Bolts and Screws.

FIGURE 11.32 Square and Flat Keys.

FIGURE 11.33 Woodruff Keys and Key-Slot Cutter.

FIGURE 11.34 Taper Pin.

FIGURE 11.35 Standard Large Rivets.

FIGURE 11.36 Common Riveted Joints.

FIGURE 11.37 Conventional Rivet Symbols.

FIGURE 11.38 American National Standard Small Solid Rivet Proportions.

FIGURE 11.39 Blind Rivets (a) Before Installation, and (b) Installed.

FIGURE 11.40 Helical Springs.

FIGURE 11.41 Compression Springs.

FIGURE 11.42 Extension Spring Drawing.

FIGURE 11.43 Torsion Spring Drawing.

FIGURE 11.44 Flat Spring.

FIGURE 11.45 Schematic Spring Representation. Courtesy of SDRC, Milford, OH.

FIGURE 11.46 Steps in Detailed Representation of Spring.

FIGURE 11.47 Draw specified detailed threads arranged as shown. Using Layout B3 or A33. Omit all dimensions and notes given in inclined letters. Letter only the thread notes and the title strip.

FIGURE 11.48 Draw specified deta1 notes given in inclined letters. Letter only the thread notes and the title strip.

FIGURE 11.49 Draw specified thread symbols, arranged as shown. Draw simplified or schematic symbols, as assigned by instructor. Using Layout B5 or A35. Omit all dimensions and notes given in inclined letters. Letter only the drill and thread notes, the titles of the views, and the title strip.

7 FIGURE 11.50 Draw fasteners, arranged as shown. At (a) draw 8 9 UNC-2A 4 Hex Cap Screw. At 1 1 3 1 (b) draw 18 7 UNC-2A 44 Sq Hd Bolt. At (c) draw 8 16 UNC-2A 12 Flat Hd Cap Screw. At (d) 7 1 draw 16 14 UNC-2A 1 Fill Hd Cap Screw. At (e) draw 2 1 Headless Slotted Set Screw. At (f) draw front view of No. 1010 Woodruff Key. Draw simplified or schematic thread symbols as assigned. Letter titles under each figure as shown.