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Critical speed of a rotating shaft the speed where it becomes dynamically unstable. The frequency of free vibration of a non-rotating shaft is the same as its critical speed. The shaft, because of its own mass, has a critical speed. The ensemble of attachments to a shaft likewise has a critical speed that is much lower than the shafts intrinsic critical speed. For a shaft of uniform diameter, simply supported, critical speed of the shaft will be:
where
m = the mass per unit length, A = cross-sectional area, and = the specific weight.
For an ensemble of attachments, Rayleighs method for lumped masses gives: Wi = the weight of rotating bodies yi = deflection of rotating bodies
where
For a simply supported beam with a single unit load, the influence coefficients: where
ij = influence coefficients
ij = ji
where
deflection other than zero exists only at three distinct values of , the critical speeds.
Expanding the determinant The three roots of eq. can be expressed as 1/12 , 1/22 , and 1/32 and can be written in the form:
If we had only a single mass m1 alone, the critical speed would be given by:
If we order the critical speeds such that 1 < 2 < 3, then 1/12 1/22 , and 1/32
Dunkerleys equation