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Densities

Radiation-related consulting and services from Integrated Environmental Management, Inc. A variety of radiation-related assessments and analyses require an understanding of material densities, particularly when shielding and/or transmission issues arise. The following listing of the densities of common materials has been prepared to facilitate those calculations.
The values shown below are in units of "grams per cubic centimeter".

Air (20 degrees C, 76 cm Hg) - 0.001205 Aluminum - 2.739 Ammonia (liquid) - 0.771 Ammonium Nitrate - 0.730 Amonium Sulphate Dry - 1.130 Wet - 1.290 Apples - 0.641 Asbestos - 2.2 to 2.8 Ashes Wet - 0.730 to 0.890 Dry - 0.570 to 0.650 Asphalt - 1.1 to 1.5 Asphalt (crushed) - 0.721 Bakelite (typical) - 1.20 to 1.70 Baking Powder - 0.721 Barium Barite (barium sulfate) - 4.5 Elemental - 3.5

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Bauxite Solid - 3.011 Crushed - 1.281 Beeswax - 0.961 Bentonite - 0.593 Benzene - 0.737 Beryllium - 1.85 Bismuth - 9.78 Bone - 1.7 to 2.0 Brick Common red - 1.922 Fire clay - 2.403 Silica - 2.050 Chrome - 2.803 Magnesia - 2.563 Butter - 0.86 to 0.87 Cadmium - 8.65 Calcium - 1.55 Carbon Carbon dioxide (at STP) - 1.79 grams per liter Carbon monoxide (at STP) - 1.25 Graphite - 2.25 Carbon steel - 7.84 Powdered - 0.080 Solid - 2.146 Cardboard - 0.689 Cellulose Amorph - 1.3 to 1.6 Wood - 0.5 to 0.9 Cement Clinker - 1.290 to 1.540

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Portland - 1.506 Mortar - 2.162 Slurry - 1.442 Ceramic Alumina - 3.9 Aluminosilicate - 2.6 Boron Carbide - 2.5 Glass - 2.6 Iron Slag - 2.755 Graphitte - 2.163 Lead Glass - 2.8 Quartz Glass - 2.2 Sapphire - 3.99 Tungsten Carbide - 15.7 Zirconia - 5.75 Zirconium Carbide - 6.56 Cesium - 1.873 Charcoal Oak - 0.57 Pine - 0.28 to 0.44 Chalk Solid - 2.499 Lumpy - 1.442 Fine - 1.121 Charcoal - 0.208 Cinders Furnace - 0.913 Coal ash - 0.641 Clay Compacted - 1.746 Dry excavated - 1.089 Dry lump - 1.073 Fire - 1.362 Wet excavated - 1.826 Wet lump - 1.602 Coal

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Bituminous - 1.2 to 1.5 Anthracite - 1.4 to 1.8 Coke - 1.201 Lignite - 1.25 Cobalt - 8.8 Concrete Gravel - 2.400 Light Weight (with pumice) - 1.920 Limestone w/Portland - 2.370 Normal Weight - 2.400 Copper - 8.93 Cork Solid - 0.240 Ground - 0.160 Crushed Stone - 1.600 Deuterium (H-2 at the boiling point of the liquid) - 0.0165 Diamond - 3.01 to 3.52 Dolomite Solid - 2.899 Pulverized - 0.737 Lumpy - 1.522 Earth Dense - 2.002 Fullers, raw - 0.673 Loam, dry excavated - 1.440 Moist, excavated - 1.442 Packed - 1.522 Soft loose mud - 1.730 Soil (standard) - 1.6 Wet, excavated - 1.602 Ethyl Alcohol - 0.802 Fiberglass Insulation - 0.032 Film emulsion - 3.815

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Fuel oil (medium weight) - 0.89 Garbage (household rubbish) - 0.481 Garnet grit - 3.9 to 4.1 Gasoline - 0.721 Gelatin - 1.27 Glass Borosilicate - 2.23 Broken or cullet - 1.290 to 1.940 Crown - 2.5 to 2.8 Flint - 3.7 to 7.2 Fused silica - 2.2 Lead - 6.4 Lead crystal - 3.1 Plate (avg.) - 2.4 Window - 2.579 Glue Animal, flaked - 0.561 Vegetable, powdered - 0.641 Gold Pure - 19.32 Coin - 17.89 Graphite (flake) - 0.641 Gravel Loose, dry - 1.520 With sand , natural- 1.920 Dry, 1/4 to 2 inch - 1.682 Wet, 1/4 to 2 inch - 2.002 Gypsum Solid - 2.787 Broken - 1.290 to 1.600 Crushed - 1.602 Pulverized - 1.112 3/8-inch Plaster Board - 0.76 g/m2 1/2-inch Plaster Board - 1.02 g/m2 5/8-inch Plaster Board - 1.27 g/m2

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Helium - 0.0001785 Hydrogen - 0.00008988 Ice Crushed - 0.593 Solid - 0.919 Indium - 7.43 Iron Cast (pig) - 7.208 Metal - 7.86 Ore (Hematite) - 5.206 Ore (Magnetite) - 5.046 Oxide pigment - 0.400 Pyrites - 2.400 Sulphate (pickling tank), dry - 1.200 Sulphate (pickling tank), wet - 1.290 Wrought - 7.568 Ivory - 1.83 to 1.92 Lead - 11.389 Leather (common) - 0.946 Limestone - 2.739 Linoleum - 1.18 Lithium Fluoride - 2.64 Lumber (Framing, douglas Fir) - 0.561 Magnesium - 1.74 Manure - 0.400 Marble (calcium carbonate) - 2.5 to 2.9 Mercury - 13.55 Methyl Alcohol - 0.809 Mineral Oil - 0.914 Molybdinum - 10.3

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Mud Fluid - 1.730 Packed - 1.906 Muscle - ~1 Mylar - 1.39 Nickel - 8.8 Nylon - 1.09 to 1.14 Oil Cake - 0.785 Linseed - 0.942 Petroleum - 0.881 Oyster Shells (ground) - 0.849 Paper - 0.7 to 1.201 Paraffin - 0.898 Peat Dry - 0.400 Moist - 0.801 Wet - 1.121 Plaster - 0.849 Plastic HDPE - 0.955 Kevlar (149) - 1.47 Kevlar (29) - 1.44 Polyurethane - 1 Rubber - 1.506 Platinum - 21.3 Plexiglass (Lucite) - 1.16 to 1.20 Plutonium - 17.35 Polyethylene - 0.92 Polymethyl methacrylate (Lucite) - 1.19

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Polystyrene - 1.03 to 1.07 Polystyrene Insulation Extruded - 0.029 Expanded - 0.024 Polyurethane Insulation - 0.024 Porcelain - 2.3 to 2.5 Potassium - 0.87 Pyrex glass - 2.23 Quartz Solid - 2.643 Lump - 1.554 Sand - 1.201 Rip-Rap - 1.602 Rock salt - 2.18 Rock Excavated with shovel - 1.600 to 1.780 Sandstone - 2.40 Limestone - 2.91 Granite - 2.45 Rubber Caoutchouc - 0.945 Ground scrap - 0.481 Manufactured - 1.522 Natural - 0.92 Butadiene copolymer - 0.915 Neoprene - 1.23 Sand Bank - 1.483 Dry - 1.602 Loose - 1.442 Torpedo - 1.602 Water-filled - 1.922 Wet - 1.922 Wet, packed - 2.082

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With gravel, dry - 1.650 With gravel, wet - 2.020 Sea Water - 1.025 Sewage sludge - 0.721 Silicon dioxide - 2.32 Silicon - 2.42 Silver - 10.49 Slag Solid - 2.1 to 3.9 Broken - 1.762 Crushed, 1/4 inch - 1.185 Snow Compacted - 0.480 Freshly fallen - 0.160 Soap Solid - 0.801 Chips - 0.160 Flakes - 0.160 Powdered - 0.368 Soil (see Earth) Sodium Elemental - 0.971 Sodium Iodide - 3.67 Starch - 1.53 Steel 1% carbon - 7.83 Cold drawn - 7.83 Framing - 7.849 Soft (0.06% C) - 7.87 Stainless (Type 304) - 8.03 Stainless (Type 347) - 7.8 Stainless (27CR) - 7.47

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Stone Crushed - 1.602 Common, generic - 2.515 Sugar Brown - 0.721 Powdered - 0.801 Granulated - 0.801 Raw cane - 0.961 Talc - 2.7 to 2.8 Tantalum - 16.6 Tar - 1.153 Tobacco - 0.320 Tin (cast hammered) - 7.352 Titanium - 4.5 Thorium - 11.6 Tungsten - 19.3 Uranium - 18.74 Vegetable Oil - 0.93 Vernucykute 0 0.641 Water Pure (at 20 degrees C) - 1.00 Sea - 1.026 Wood Alder - 0.42 to 0.68 Apple - 0.66 to 0.84 Ash - 0.51 Balsa - 0.11 to 0.14 Bamboo - 0.31 to 0.40 Birch - 0.705 Cedar - 0.49 to 0.57 Dogwood - 0.76 Mahogany - 0.705

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Oak - 0.77 Pressed pulp board - 0.19 Red Oak - 0.673 Southern Pine - 0.65 Sugar Maple - 0.689 Walnut - 0.593 White Pine - 0.67 Zinc - 6.92
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