Sonny An

US History Honors November 9th, 2012

Chapter 7, Section 4: Reaching for Empire July 1st, 1898: Rough Riders storm San Juan Hill. o o Formally known as the First Voluntary Cavalry Regiment. Led by Theodore Roosevelt, who served in the Spanish-American War.

1823: The Monroe Doctrine: No more European colonies in the Western Hemisphere. 1844: James K. Polk: Supported expansionism, the process of increasing the territory of the United States. Manifest Destiny: From sea to shining sea. 1845: Polk declared that no European colony could occupy the North American continent. o Congress annexed Texas (same year). Conflicts with Mexico.

After 2 years of fighting, U.S. claims nearly half of Mexico for $15 million. 1861 to 1865: Civil War slows American expansion. o o o Spain attempts to reclaim the Dominican Republic despite warnings by Secretary of State William Seward. 1864: French leader Napoleon III installed Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian on the Mexican throne. 1867: France withdraws due to Monroe Doctrine.

Missionaries: Religious teachers: Went to foreign lands to convert natives to Christianity. Henry Demarest Lloyd: Popular political writer: American production has outrun American consumption and we must seek markets for the surplus abroad. 1844: U.S. negotiated trade agreements with China. 1854: Commodore Matthew Perry opened Japan. 1867: Seward attempted to purchase Danish islands in the Caribbean for $7.5 million. o Rejected by Senate. 1867: U.S. seized the Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean. 1867: Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. o o Purchase known as Sewards folly and polar bear garden. Proved otherwise: Gold in Yukon Valley; copper & oil resources; seal & whale trade.

1878: U.S. gains rights to a naval station in Samoa. o 1889: Germany and England agrees to divide Samoa islands with U.S. 1875: Senate allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. duty-free. 1|Page

Sonny An
US History Honors November 9th, 2012

1881: Hawaii essentially a part of the American system. o o 1887: King Kalakaua granted U.S. rights to build naval base at Pearl Harbor. 1893: American sugar planters staged rebellion against Kalakauas sister, Queen Liliuokalani: Hawaii for the Hawaiians.

1898: U.S. wins Spanish-American War. o o 1868: Cuban people struggled for independence from Spain. 1895: Cuban rebels led by Jos Mart renewed their fight for independence. Valeriano Weyler: Spanish commander: Forced 300,000 Cubans into concentration camps.

1896: William McKinley elected as president. o 1897: Promised reforms in Cuba as well as some independence for Cubans to avoid war with Spain.

February 1898: Battleship Maine blows up, media accuses Spain. o o o April 11st, 1898: President McKinley sends to Congress a proposal for war. April 24st, 1898: Spain declares war. 78 years later: Admiral Hyman Rockover concluded that the explosion was probably due to a faulty boiler.

Why should Cuba with its 1.6 million people have a right to freedom and selfgovernment and the 8 million people who dwell in the Philippine Islands be denied the same right? o o Assistant Secretary of the Navy Teddy Rooosevelt and Commodore George Dewey. By the end of 1898, the death toll exceeded 5,400 soldiers. Less than 400 died from battle. Yellow fever and malaria rampant.

August 12th: Spain signed an armistice, or ceasefire. o Granted independence to Cuba and ceded Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines for $20 million.

Philippines under American control for economic potential.

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