Hieu Le

History Revision

1, What is the Domino Theory? - The USA and Aust were afraid that if any more S.E Asian country became communist, then all other surrounding countries would also become communist (like falling dominos). 2, List foreign Policies or Treaties? - SEATO: SOUTH EAST ASIA TREATY ORGANISATION. - ANZUS: AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND and UNITED STATE. - Defence treaties: If one country gets attacked, the others will come to help. 3, When was the Korean War, what was it about? - The Korean War happened in 1950 1953 between North and South Korea. - Australia fought on South Koreas side because they were afraid of the domino effect. 3, What was the Referendum for? Was it successful? - The Referendum by Robert Menzies in 1950 aimed to ban the Communist Party. - It wasnt successful, Aust were split, and vote 50/50 undecided. 4, Describe the Petrov Affair? - Petrov Affair was about Mr Petrov a Russian spy who defected to Australia. - Russia sent their govt to take Mrs Petrov back to Russia. - Mrs Petrov asked for asylum. - Wide news coverage gave Aust a negative picture of Communism. 5, Why did the Labor Party split? Who was PM? - Ben Chifley was the Prime Minister of the Labor Party at that time. - The Labor Party split because of the Petrov Affair, 1 side they go for Communist and the other against them. 6, Why was Australia involved in Vietnam? - Australia involved in Vietnam because they were afraid of the Domino theory. - They have signed the two Treaties which is ANZUS and SEATO which means three countries agreed to assist each other in matter of common defence.

Hieu Le

7, How did attitudes in Australia change towards Australia involvement in the war? ( Long response) Australia was involved in the Vietnam War from 1962-1972 with originally thirty army advisors being sent over to South Vietnam. Over this period of time Australian attitudes towards the Vietnam War changed greatly due to two main contributing reasons. These reasons were the media and television viewing the prominent issue of conscription. Australia was called to fight by the United States (US) and on the request of the South Vietnamese government for assistance. Australia had signed two legally binding contracts that showed its active opposition to immanent threat and protection against any communist movement. These two contracts were SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organisation) and ANZUS (Australian, New Zealand and the Unites States Treaty). As South Vietnam was seen as an independent state against communist, Australia saw it as an ally in need. Australia sis not fight in Vietnam purely on morals but also based on duty and responsibility. When it was first announced in April 1962 that Australia was to fight in Vietnam it was seen by the majority as necessary and needed. Many Australians supported the war because of their fear of communist advancement and the Domino Theory. They were motivated to support the war by the common dreaded thought that Australia might fall next to communist rule. Furthermore many Australians believed fully in the government as a protection strategy. This policy advocated that it was better to fight communism in South Vietnam than on Australian soil. The US President Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) arrived in Australia in October 1966. He was greeted by a grand welcome. The support of the Vietnam War at this time was in such a majority that the number of troops were increased. Large crowds came to welcome LBJ with cheers, ticker tape parades and welcome parties. Pro-war slogans such as All the way with LBJ were commonly on the street with place cards and banners demanding the end of the war. The issue of conscription made Australians question the viability of Australia being involved in the war due to the obvious lack of volunteers. A limited form of conscription was introduced by Menzies in 1950, abolished in 1953 and then re-introduced in 1964. This required males on their 18th birthday to enlist in national service. However, the first form of conscription only required home service the 1964 version allowed overseas service. The first ever conscripts to be sent overseas during peacetime in Australian history was in May 1966. These conscripts were chosen by a random birth date lottery. In their first months in South Vietnam the first conscript was killed in action. This death highlighted the impact that the war had on individuals and families. It brought the war from being purely political level but to a more personal level. Australia started to question its involvement in the war, whether it was necessary or worth the sacrifices that had to be made. The Australian army had traditionally been made up of volunteers, a matter of national pride. The introduction of conscription caused anger and was seen as disillusionment to the Vietnam War and Australias continued commitment. An example of this lack of enthusiasm was shown when conscripts had to be used to fill two battalions. Early protest movements against conscription were in the minority and mainly came from religious groups and the Australian Labour Party. These protests movements gained support after the 1966 election with the formation of anti-war protest groups and organisations, such as Youth Against Conscription and Save our Sons (SOS). The dont register campaign caused the government to take a stronger stand against not registering. There were exemptions given to those that could prove to be a pacifist otherwise the sentence for not registering was a two year jail sentence. Anti-War displays in 1967 were things such as the burning of draft registration cards and the collecting of money for the North Vietnamese as done by the Monash University Labor Club. Pro and Anti was groups used cartoons and advertisements to create public awareness of their viewpoints. Additionally SOS used handouts, printed information, and campaigns such as fill a falsie fill in a

Hieu Le false registration card. Originally anti-war movements were only against conscription. Slowly Australians developed these protests movements, against additional war issues and in the end against the war in Vietnam itself. Australias attitudes towards the Vietnam War changed to such an extent that the 1970s the anti-war movement was rapidly growing with huge rallies, marches, sit-ins and candle light processions taking place nationally. Not only political radicals and fundamentalists were involved but also not those not normally opposed to government decisions. An example of this was after the headmaster of a Methodist college in Sydney sent a letter to the Sydney Morning Herald encouraging young men to defy national service. The Vietnam War was more intensely and widely filmed and reported than any other conflict. Many press reports of torture to prisoners such as being thrown from helicopters and mass massacres were released. The Vietnam War was the first television war and bough the true horrors of war and the extent of Australias involvement into Australian homes and public eye. This changed Australias attitudes as the images of burning crops, civilian killings and bombing of villages helped them grasp and realise the nightmare of terror involved in war. The TV inspired Moratorium rallies as Australians saw them take place in America. Moratorium rallies started to take place in 1970 nationally with Australians showing support for the end of the war. Thousands of people stopped work in mass protests with two main aims of immediate, total and unconditional withdrawal of Australians and allies troops from Indo china and the immediate abolition of conscription. The strong change in Australian attitudes towards the Vietnam War was proven in the December 1972 elections. Twenty-three years of Liberal government was ended with the Labor party leader Gough Whitlam coming into power. The Labor party under its previous leader Arthur Caldwell was known to publically oppose Australias involvement in the war. Australia became divided in the Vietnam War era between those who supported the war and those against it. However, by the end of the war the Vietnamese war supporters were in the minority. The Vietnam War credited ordinary Australians to become politically involved with long held beliefs and authority being questioned in particular in relation to the media in particular TV coverage the war received and the prominent issue of conscription. 8, Define Assimilation? - Assimilation means becoming a part of majority (clothes, language) - 1950s, The Govt wanted Aboriginal people to be like white man. They encouraged to think and act like white man. To blend into a community, to become absorbed in to another way of live. 9, What does the term Stolen Generation refer to? (Short response) - Aboriginal children were taken forcibly from their families under the powers given by the Aborigines Protection Act. - Under this policy Aboriginal children were removed from their parents and families and placed into the care of white families. - People believed that if aboriginal children were cut off from their families, they would be better able to fit into normal white communities. - Many children were placed in institutions, where they were given a basic education. Often they only received clothes and food. 10, What was the Freedom Ride? Who organised it?

Hieu Le - Freedom Rides were civil rights of Indigenous. - Inspired by 1960s Civil Rights movement in USA. - Charles Perkin organised it and he led the group of 30 University of Sydney students travelled all around Australia to protest the discrimination.

11, What is the Tent Embassy? Where is it? - 1971 on Australia Day Aboriginal people erected a tent embassy on the lawns of Parliaments House Canberra. This was demonstration for Land Rights. 12, Who was Eddie Mabo? What court case was he well known for? - Eddie Mabo was a Torres Strait Islander who inherited the land from his ancestor and then the Queensland govt said no, this land is our land. He was fighting for Aboriginal rights. - High Court of Australia Canberra. 13, List of Prime Ministers in Australia? * Those are the important Prime Ministers list in order: - Sir Edmund Barton (1901) - Billy Aughes - Robert Menzies (longest) - John Curlin - Ben Chicfly - Robert Menzies - Sir Harold Holt - Gough Whitlam - Julia Gillard 14, Talk about features of the 1980s (fashion, music, technology, sport)? (Short response) *Fashion: - Fashion trends in the 80s that will never be forgotten. - Stiff- sharply cut suits with wide shoulder were very popular with businessman and woman in 1980s. The Power suits were designed to make the wearer look successful and authoritative. - Leg warmers were another important type of the style worn in that decade. They were worn almost in any colour. - There were 4 great ideas for perfect 80s hair: The Side Ponytail, Crimping, Big Bang, The Big Perm. * Music:

Hieu Le - American music remains its popularity in Australia during 1980s. Singer Michael Jackson and Madonna each achieved numerous number one hit in Australia. * Entertainment: - Sony Walkman, Boom box became popular in 1980s. They allow music to be play anytime, anywhere at high volume. - Nintendo Entertainment System was released in the mid 1980s and become the best selling gaming console of its time * Sport:- Kerry Packer started Televised Cricket matches in colour (day/night matches). * Technology: - Brick mobile phones from the 80s are rapidly becoming a valuable item. They were very big and expensive when they first came. - There were colour Tv in the 80s, but they were really big, square and big at the back. 15, Describe Urban Sprawl in Australia? - Urban Sprawl means when the city expands and spreads out, which engendered the increase of population. 16, What is the United Nations? (Short response probably) - United Nation is an international organisation which started in 1945 after the WW2. - UN formed to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. Its aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. 17, What has been/ is Australias role in the UN? (Short respose) - Aust was one of founders of UN. - Dr Evatt, an Aust was President of UN General Assembly from 1948-1449. - Aust has sat on Human Rights Commission. - Aust was one of founding members of UNESCO (United Nation Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation). 18, Kick the commie can? - Robert Menzies put a stop to the spread of communism in our region.

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