VIV Fatigue Calculation

Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV)

Let us try to calculate the fatigue life of a span!

Slide 2

Fatigue - overview
3-Environment Waves Current 4,5-Load effects (cyclic stresses)
Probability

6, 7- Structural response

2-Resistance

S N

Strength

2-Design criteria
Slide 3

Summary Response Model Basic Concepts

Normalised vibration amplitude A/D

CROSS-FLOW

CF induced IN-LINE IN-LINE

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

U/f0D
16.0
Slide 4

Reduced Velocity VR

Exercise
Calculate the fatigue life of a 40m long free span at 300m water depth.

0m

75 m 100 m 500 m 500 m

Slide 5

Basic data
Pipe dimensions Outside diameter Wall thickness Operational parameters Operational pressure Operational temperature Content density Residual lay tension Design life Environment Weibull parameter - Shape Weibull parameter - Scale Weibull parameter - Location Current reference height Current to pipe angle Incoming turbulence Water depth Seabed Medium sand Corrosion coating asphalt Thickness Density Concrete coating Thickness Density Structural damping SN curve F1 free corrosion Slope parameter Fatigue constant D t Pop Top cont Heff Tlife zr Ic d 500 13.2 100 ambient 153 200 25 1.718 0.133 0.005 3.0 90 5 300 m/s m/s m % m mm mm barg @ +30m kg/m3 kN years

tcorr corr tcon con m Log(C)

6.0 1900 50.0 2240 0.5 3 11.222

mm kg/m3 mm kg/m3 %

Slide 6

Practical information
The presented information should be used for all exercises during day 1

Slide 7

VIV Load and Response

Let us start look at the loading mechanism

Slide 8

In-line and Cross-flow VIV

Flow
IN-LINE CROSS-FLOW
Slide 9

IN-LINE

CROSS-FLOW

Vortex shedding frequency- Strouhal number

U f s = St D
The frequency at which the vortices are shed from a fixed cylinder Oscillations in the lift force occur at the Strouhal frequency Oscillations in the drag force occur at twice the Strouhal frequency

Slide 10

Response Model - example

Provides amplitude versus loading Swing different lengths or Pendulum

Slide 11

Response Models
U length per cycle VR = = f0D mod el width

Vibration amplitude A/D

CROSS-FLOW

CF induced IN-LINE IN-LINE

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

U/f0D
16.0
Slide 12

Reduced Velocity VR

Lock-in phenomena - cross-flow

the vortex shedding locks-on to the natural frequency

f0 = fs U U 1 = = f 0 D f s D St

Slide 13

Exercise Calculate Amplitude

Given:
- Current velocity, U = 0.6 m/s - Natural frequency, f0 = 0.773 Hz - Reduced frequency should be used for
f f 0,d = 0 , f = 1.1 calculation of reduced velocity f

- In-line Response Model (next sheet)

Use Response Model to estimate vibration amplitude, A/D and fill value into spreadsheet

Slide 14

In-line Response Model

0.14 0.12 0.10

(Ay/D)

0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

VR
Slide 15

Calculation sheet

UC 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7

p(UC)

VR,d

AY/D

SIL

Ni=a/Sm

ni=Tyearp(UC)f1

ni/Ni

Slide 16

Challenge
Break a wire by hand

Slide 17

Reflection
Fatigue failure Relation between Stress Range and Number of cycles to failure

Slide 18

Fatigue Calculation
Damage accumulation by Miner-Palmgren: Number of stress cycles: Number of cycles to failure by SN curve:
1000

D fat =

ni Ni

n i = P()f v T
N i = a Si m

(a1;m1)
Stress Range, S 100

SSW (a2;m2)

10

1 1.E+03

NSW
1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+08 1.E+09 1.E+10
Slide 19

No of cycles, N

SN curve (F1 free corrosion)

1000

S (MPa)

100

10 1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06 N

1.E+07

1.E+08
Slide 20

Vibration mode

Slide 21

Modal stress
Curvature, , of free span vibrating with a given mode 2nd derivative of mode Modal stress found by curvature E(D-t)/2 Ain, modal stress for maximum mode amplitude = OD given by multiplying modal stress by OD Ain = 445 MPa (given value from FE analysis) Vibration stress range:
S = 2 Ain(Ay/D) Safety factor on stress range

S d = S s , s = 1.3

Slide 22

Exercise Calculate Stress Range & Number of Cycles to Failure

Calculate Stress Range Calculate Number of cycles to failure

Slide 23

Calculation sheet

UC 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7

p(UC)

VR,d

AY/D

SIL,d

Ni=a/Sm

ni=Tyearp(UC)f1

ni/Ni

0,00

1,40

0,05

Slide 24

Exercise Fatigue Damage & Life

Estimate number of stress cycles per year, n (Hint : vibration frequency = natural frequency) Calculate fatigue damage (per year) Find fatigue life (inverse of fatigue damage per year) Multiply with utilization factor 0.5

Slide 25

Calculation sheet

UC 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7

p(UC)

VR,d

AY/D

SIL

Ni=a/Sm

ni=Tyearp(UC)f1

ni/Ni

0,00

1,40

0,05

Slide 26

Reflection Current
Will the current be constant over time (years) or vary?

Slide 27

Long-term distribution of current

Ui
(m/s) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

F(Ui)
0.00000 0.42517 0.85220 0.97972 0.99840 0.99992 1.00000 1.00000

f(Ui)= Pi
0 0.42517 0.42703 0.12752 0.01868 0.0015199 7.3066E-05 2.1580E-06

Exposure (days/year) 0 155 156 47 7 1 0 0

Slide 28

Exercise Fatigue life for current distribution

Use approach for one current flow velocity and calculate for a long-term current distribution Find fatigue life (in years)

Slide 29

Calculation sheet

UC 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7

p(UC)

VR,d

AY/D

SIL

Ni=a/Sm

ni=Tyearp(UC)f1

ni/Ni

0,000073066

1,40

0,05

56,4

930793

1781

0,001913588

Slide 30

Summary
This exercise follows the principles of VIV fatigue calculation according to DNV RP-F105 Safety factors are included as specified Normal safety classification and Well defined span. In addition:
- Cross-flow VIV (in a similar way) - Cross-flow induced Inline VIV - Direct wave load

and a lot of details.

Slide 31

Reflection main learning points

.

Slide 32

Fatigue - overview
3-Environment Waves Current 4,5-Load effects (cyclic stresses)
Probability

6, 7- Structural response

2-Resistance

S N

Strength

2-Design criteria
Slide 33

Summary Response Model Basic Concepts

Vibration amplitude A/D

CROSS-FLOW

CF induced IN-LINE IN-LINE

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

U/f0D
16.0
Slide 34

Reduced Velocity VR

Calculation sheet - Results

UC 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 p(UC) 0 0.42517 0.42703 0.12752 0.01868 0.0015199 0.000073066 0.000002158 VR,d 0 0.2325298 0.46505961 0.69758941 0.93011921 1.16264902 1.39517882 1.62770862 AY/D 0 0 0 0 0.002102086 0.025356892 0.048611698 0.071866503 SIL 0 0 0 0 2.44 29.40 56.37 83.34 Ni=a/Sm inf inf inf inf 11511283020 6558240 930793 288069 ni=Tyearp(UC)f1 0 10364509 10409850 3108597 455368 37051 1781 53 ni/Ni 0 0 0 0 3.95584E-05 0.005649549 0.001913588 0.000182617

Slide 35

Slide 36