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Intizar Hussain i.hussain@cgiar.org Senior Economist, International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Colombo, Sri Lanka
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors or the governments they represent. ADB makes no representation concerning and does not guarantee the source, originality, accuracy, completeness or reliability of any statement, information, data, finding, interpretation, advice, opinion, or view presented.
P o v e rty In cid en c e (% )
Country
Irrigated
Un-irrigated
Systems
Anti-poverty impacts of irrigation vary across and within systems and depend on:
Irrigation infrastructure condition/management Water allocation/distribution policies, procedures and practices Production technology, cropping patterns, crop diversification; Support measures, e.g., input and output marketing, information (In) equity in land distribution
Co llectio n rate (% )
HC (%)
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
Watercourse # (improved)
Watercourse # (un-improved)
1324 16 R 1324 16 R 9753 9-L 8609 0-L 8109 0-L 2164 2-R 1806 0-R 1804 0-R 1701 7-L 2300 1-L II 9900 -R 8780 -R 2950 0-T L 2828 8-R 2083 0-R 9700 -R 9580 -L 2030 00-R 1253 92-R 3361 0-L 3100 0-L 7765 0-L 6879 8-R 6750 0-R 2440 0-L
W a te r (m c u b e )
Head
Middle Location
Tail
P ro d u c ti v i ty (k g s / h a )
Poverty Gap
44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36
Head
Middle
Tail
Irrigation Charge for Various Land Sizes and for Poor and Non-Poor Farmers, Punjab, Pakistan
Annual irrigation cost for various land size categories 6000 4995 5000 4477 Annual irrigation cost to the poor and the non-poor
4200
Rs/ha/year
Rs/ha/year
4000
3980
4152
3594
4150
4100
4096
4050
Poor
Non-poor
175
182
Rs./ha
150 100 50 0
1997
1998
1999
2001
2002
26500
Hectares
25000
0.5
24500
10-R
Kakowal
Lalian
Khadir
Hakra-4
Conclusions
Low irrigation charges and inefficient collection lead to poor performance; Need to base irrigation service charge on commercial principles, Need for institutional arrangements for irrigation management to be made more: decentralized, participatory, and financially autonomous; incentive oriented for efficient collection and spending of revenues Service providers to meet certain standards.
Key Messages
Irrigation water is a divide between poverty and prosperity Where water is cheap, production is low and the poor are rarely reached.
Rs. million
Policy Options
Option -2 would result in annual redistribution of Rs 736 million Option - 3 would result in annual redistribution of Rs 1362 million
Thank you
i.hussain@cgiar.org