WaterPower&Dam - Nov09

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NOVEMBER 2009
Serving the hydro industry for 60 years: 1949-2009
Safety standards at dams
Focus on Fusegates
First Nations
success story
Development of the Atlin hydro project
ARMAC is Montanhydrauliks computer-
controlled ow-level-regulation and control
system, operating successfully in many hydro
dam projects in India. It measures water inows
into the reservoir every 15 minutes. Using 80-
to 100-year water ow data, it works out the
optimum combinations of water levels and
gate openings for the specic time of year,
and commands the gates to open or close.
ARMAC can also be used to regulate flows
through several reservoirs and dams on the same
river, communicating the data, including hydraulic
system health, via VSAT or GPRS.
ARMAC is part of Montanhydrauliks turnkey
solutions for hydromechanical and electrohydrau-
lic systems. We offer the complete system with
hydraulic cylinders, aggregates, electrical control
and installation.
INTELLIGENT POWER
www.montanhydraulik.com
Montanhydraulik Group
100 years
of data for todays
flow-level
regulation
I N T E R N A T I O N A L
& DAM CONSTRUCTION
Water Power
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM
CONTENTS
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IN1ERNA1I0NAL WA1ER P0WER & 0AM 00NS1R001I0N - ISSN 0306-400X Volume 61 Number 11 - NOVEMBER 2009 3
DAM
ENGINEERING
ModernPowerSystems
COMMUNICATING POWER TECHNOLOGY WORLDWIDE
COVER: Learn more about the Atlin
hydro project on p32. Photograph
by Stuart Simpson
28
30
21
10
38 PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
40 WORLD MARKETPLACE
R E G U L A R S
4 WORLD NEWS
8 TENDERS & DIARY
F E A T U R E S
INSIGHT
10 Chinese investment in Africa
Neil Ford reports on the recent increase in Chinese firms
working on African hydro projects, including the Bui Dam
in Ghana and the Tekeze project in Ethiopia
SAFETY
14 Playing it safe in Central Asia
The United Nations is leading an initiative to promote
the safe operation and management of large dams in
Central Asian countries
18 An invisible industry?
A report from the National Grid highlights engineering as
an invisible industry that doesnt appeal to young people
GATES
21 Spillway inadequacy remediation in the UK
The Fusegate spillway control system has been used
to bring dams with undersized spillways up to current
safety standards
CONSTRUCTION
28 Bringing water from Wanjiazhai
Forming part of an ambitious water diversion project to
hydrate Chinas arid Shanxi region, the Pinglu tunnel is set
to be one of the worlds longest tunnels excavated with a
single tunnel boring machine
30 Construction briefs
Learn more about the construction work carried out at
Alkumru dam in Turkey, dam safety modifications at
Folsom dam in the US, and a new wind dam design
RUN OF RIVER DEVELOPMENTS
32 The Atlin project embodying First Nation principles
The 2.1MW Atlin hydro project is one of the first small
hydro projects in Canada to be wholly owned and
operated by a First Nation
APPOINTMENTS
36 Executive movements
Details of the latest appointments in the industry
4 NOVEMBER 2009 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
WORLD NEWS
A
STUDY RELEASED BY THE
National Hydropower Association
says that the US hydro power
industry could install 60,000MW of
new capacity by 2025, creating up to
700,000 new jobs.
The US i ndustry today has
100,000MW of installed capac-
ity. The Job Creation Opportunities
in Hydropower report, prepared by
Navigant Consulting, says an addition-
al 23,000-60,000MW could be added
through new technologies, efciency
improvements, and research and
development. This additional capac-
ity represents only 6-15% of the total
untapped hydro resource potential in
the country currently estimated at
400+GW.
The studys findings prompted
Pennsylvania Governor Edward
Rendell to call on policymakers to
support development of hydro power,
Americas largest renewable energy
resource. Its time to invest in renew-
able energy resources that generate
electricity in this country and that
provide jobs for Americans, he said.
Hydro power presents elected of-
cials across the country an opportu-
nity to bring thousands of long-term,
family-wage jobs to our states.
Voith Hydro CEO Mark Garner
agreed. This study conrms what our
experience at Voith Hydro has already
shown investments in hydro lead
directly to good-paying, long-lasting
American jobs. We have seen 27%
growth in permanent employees in
the past two years, and as the indus-
try continues to grow, we have a huge
potential to create additional clean,
family-wage jobs across the US.
The US hydro power industry cur-
rently employs approximately 300,000
people. As the industry continues to
grow, every region will see additional
good jobs and new economic oppor-
tunities.
The hydro power industry is pre-
pared to double its current capacity
of clean, domestic, renewable water-
power resources, said NHA President
Andrew Munro of Grant County (WA)
Public Utility District. Hydro power
offers tremendous potential for
America to double is renewable
energy production, provide reliable
electricity for American families, and
create thousands of new jobs.
According to James Lautar, inter-
national representative for the
International Association of Machinists
and Aerospace Workers, Hydro power
is already an important source of good-
paying, high-quality jobs for workers
across the country. A national invest-
ment in hydro will help grow American
jobs for decades to come.
In addition to providing clean,
affordable, domestic electricity, hydro-
power also helps foster the growth of
other renewable energy resources. In
fact, at a recent green jobs event in
Pennsylvania, US Energy Secretary
Steven Chu called hydro powers dual
roles an incredible opportunity to
expand the countrys clean energy
resources.
To help encourage the develop-
ment of new hydro, the NHA is calling
on Congressional leaders to:
: Lnaot a natlcnal RLS that reocenlz-
es and supports hydropower
: Suppcrt lcneterm tax lnoentlves
that give hydro parity with other
renewables
: ôoelerate lloenslne fcr pumped
storage and small hydro
: Lxpand federal R&D fundlne fcr
hydropower technologies
Hydro power must play a critical
role in our national energy, environ-
mental, and economic policy, NHA
Executive Director Linda Church Ciocci
said. NHA stands ready to work with
all policymakers who pursue develop-
ment of Americas critical hydro power
resources.
Study says new hydro could
create 700,000 jobs in the US
WORLD
NEWS
WORLD
NEWS
www.waterpowermagazine.com
Repairs to keep Glendoe shut down until 2010
T
HE SEVERITY OF THE ROCKFALL
near the top of the headrace
tunnel at the Glendoe hydro
power plant will keep the facility shut
down until well into next year, said
the owner, Scottish and Southern
Energy (SSE).
The UK energy utility said the
rockfall was very substantial but
is conned to near the top of the
power tunnel. No details were given
for the cause of the tunnel failure.
SSE said planning is underway to
establish the best method of repair-
ing the power tunnel but added that
Glendoe power plant would not gen-
erate for many months well into
2010 at the earliest.
The rockfall was discovered in
August after the power tunnel was
partly blocked. No damage was
caused to the equipment in the
underground power plant.
Glendoe only began operations
at the end of 2008. At 100MW, it
is the UKs biggest conventional
hydro power plant built in over half
a century.
The project involved construc-
tion of more than 16km of tunnels,
mostly by drill and blast but the
6.2km long headrace between the
powerhouse and reservoir area was
bored by TBM. It is still unclear if
the area affected by the rockfall
was excavated by TBM or of some
drill and blast was used locally.
Geology along the tunnels is
hard rcok sohlst and quartzlte.
with minor faults. Lining support
comprised bolts, steel ribs, mesh
and shotcrete, used as required.
The project was constructed under
a design and build contract by Hochtief
Glendoe JV, which is led by German
contractor Hochtief and include Poyry
as the designer. The clients adviser
is Jacobs.
In other news, SSE unit SSE
Generation has submitted a planning
application to expand the Sloy hydro
power plant, in Scotland, by 60MW.
The application is to build a
pumped storage plant to add a further
100GWh of electricty to annual gen-
eration. Current capacity is 152MW.
CanHydro accepts increased TransAlta offer
C
ANADIAN HYDRO DEVELOPERS
and TransAlta Corporation
have entered into a defini-
tive pre-acquistion agreement after
TransAlta agreed to increase its orig-
inal cash takeover offer of C$4.55
per share to $5.25.
In a statement from the compa-
nies, it was announced that the
amended offer, which has a total
value of approximately C$1.6B,
has the unanimous support of
the Boards of Directors of both
Canadian companies.
We believe this transaction
delivers certain and fair value to
Canadian Hydro Shareholders while
provi di ng TransAl ta sharehol d-
ers with both near and long term
value, said TransAlta President
and CEO Steve Snyder, adding
that the acquisition will acceler-
ate TransAltas growing renewable
portfolio.
On a combined basis, TransAlta
and Canadian Hydro will have net
generation capacity of 8657MW in
operation. The renewables portfolio
will include 1900MW in operation,
or 22% of the combined portfolio.
In addition, there is 543MW under
construction and nearly 500MW in
advanced-stage development.
Canadi an Hydro Board Chai r
Dennis Erker said, Over the past
two months, the Canadian Hydro
Board and its advisors have con-
ducted a thorough process to
review and consider the full range
of options for enhancing share-
holder value, including alternative
proposals. We believe the revised
offer from TransAlta provides our
shareholders with a premium and
liquidity, and we are encourag-
ing our shareholders to accept
this offer.
The Amended Offer is subject to
certain conditions, including the
acquisition by TransAlta of at least
66 2/3 per cent of the outstanding
Canadian Hydro common shares.
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM NOVEMBER 2009 5
WORLD NEWS
Klamath dams agreement unveiled
T
HE 28 PARTIES NEGOTIATING
the fate of dams on the Klamath
Ri ver have now rel eased
the highly anticipated Klamath
Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement
(KHSA), detailing water management
and dam removal plans for the river
basin in the US states of Oregon
and California.
Over the coming weeks Klamath
Basin Tribes, counties, conserva-
tion groups, fishing groups, and
farming and ranching organizations
will consider the pros and cons of
the Agreement and decide whether
or not to support it.
The KHSA would be complement-
ed by the implementation of a com-
panion agreement, the Klamath
Basi n Restorati on Agr eement
(KBRA). Whereas the KHSA focuses
on the fate of US utility PaciCorps
lower four Klamath River Dams, the
KBRA signicantly increases water
ows for sh, provides greater reli-
ability of irrigation water delivery,
undertakes Basin-scale habitat
restoration, and makes critical
economic investments to ensure
the economic viability of Basin sh-
ing and farming communities into
the future.
This Agreement represents a
major step toward restoring the
health of the Klamath River. We
look forward to working with all
Tribal, agricultural, and fishing
communities in the Klamath Basin
on implementing these solutions,
said Troy Fletcher, negotiator and
Yurok Tribal member.
The KHSA provides a pathway
that would lead to dam removal
in 2020 following an analysis by
the US Secretary of the Interior to
determine whether dam removal
is indeed to the benet of sher-
ies resources and in the public
interest. In addition, the safety of
dam removal must be scrutinized
through a public environmental
review process consistent with all
applicable state and federal envi-
ronmental laws.
Of course wed like to see the
dams removed tomorrow, but the
reality is we must make sure dam
removal is as safe as preliminary
assessments suggest and that it
can be done cost effectively, said
Steve Rothert, California Director
for American Rivers. For a restora-
tion action that is simply unprec-
edented in scale and scope, this is
actually a reasonable timeline.
The KHSA i s based on the
Agreement in Principle reached
bet ween Paci f i Cor p, Or egon,
California, and the federal govern-
ment in November of 2008. It pro-
vides for funding up to US$200M
in dam removal costs by collect-
ing a surcharge from PacifiCorps
Oregon and California customers
over the next 10 years. Earlier
this year, the Oregon legislature
aut hor i zed the cust omer sur -
charge. If necessary, the State
of California would provide up to
$250M more towards the cost
of removal with the total project
costs not to exceed $450M.
Dam owner PaciCorp appreci-
ates the approach in the Agreement
as well. PacifiCorp Chairman &
CEO, Greg Abel descri bed the
agreement as a balanced and
reasonabl e outcome that best
protects the interests of our cus-
tomers, while achieving the policy
objectives of the states and federal
government, as well as helping to
peacefully resolve numerous con-
icts in the Klamath basin.
The release of the proposed
Agreement marks a si gni fi cant
shift in attitude for many in the
basi n. Over the past 20 years
the Klamath has been marked by
bitter and acrimonious debate. The
various communities had targeted
one another with lawsuits and pro-
tests, often marked by acts of civil
disobedience, in a failure to truly
resolve issues pertaining to water
rights, river flows, and economic
development.
Once we decided to stop ghting
and start talking, we realized the
opportunities provided by collabo-
ration and coalition building, said
Jeff Mitchell, council member for
the Klamath Tribes of Oregon. We
havent seen salmon in our country
for 90 years; this Agreement rep-
resents our best chance of nally
bringing the salmon home to the
Upper Basin.
In coming weeks, participating
governments and organizations
will be considering whether to for-
mally sign on to the Agreement. If
a critical mass can be reached, the
groups hope to introduce legislation
to implement the companion agree-
ments by the end of the year.
Carnegie selects wave project site
F
EASI BI LI TY STUDI ES BY
Carnegie Wave Energy Ltd has
indicated that waters off Garden
Island, near Perth and Rockingham,
would be the most suitable loca-
tion for the companys rst Western
Australian small scale commercial
demonstration wave energy project.
For the past 12 months, Carnegie
has been undertaking feasibility stud-
ies on potential wave project sites
around Western Australia in the mid-
west, south-west and metropolitan
regions under its wave energy inves-
tigation licenses covering waters
throughout the State. The investiga-
tions have been conducted in con-
junction with technical experts Arup,
Atteris, RPS MetOcean and GHD.
The Garden Island site was select-
ed due to its optimum combination
of a range of technical and economic
factors including wave resource char-
acteristics, environmental factors,
pipeline route options, grid connectiv-
ity, water depth, scale of plant and
deployment and servicing logistics.
Subject to the receipt of all approv-
als, the small scale commercial
demonstration project will be a 5MW
scheme, and will utilise Carnegies
$12.5M LEED grant from the Western
Australia Government announced ear-
lier this year, subject to the nalisa-
tion of contracts.
The primary aim of the project is
to demonstrate the CETO technol-
ogy in commercial operation for the
rst time. However, it will also deliver
Carnegie its first project-based rev-
enues from the sale of power.
The Project will be deployed in
two stages; the rst will involve the
deployment of single autonomous,
commercial scale CETO units. These
stand-alone units consist of a CETO
unit coupled to energy dissipation
and instrumentation systems to vali-
date the energy delivery performance
of each unit. The performance data
is transmitted back to Carnegies
Fremantle facility for monitoring and
analysis. Planning, design and approv-
al aspects of Stage 1 began at the
start of 2009 and Stage 1 is expected
to be completed in 2010.
The second stage of the project is
the deployment of the remaining CETO
units and associated balance of plant
including pipework and an onshore
power generation system required for
the 5MW plant. This is expected to
occur in 2011.
In brief
MALAYSIAN ENERGY
provider Tenaga Nasional
Berhad has announced
plans to develop two new
hydroelectric projects in
Pahang state.According to
local media, the projects - the
250MW Hulu Terengganu
and 372MW Hulu Jelai
schemes will be built simul-
taneously and are expected
to be complete in 2014.
GHANA AND BRAZIL
have signed a memorandum
of understanding (MOU)
for the construction of a
90MW hydro project on
the River Oti at Juallay,
near Pwalugu, in the Upper
East Region of Ghana.
The Xinhua News Agency
reported the project,
planned since 1992, is part
of the Ghana governments
effort to develop an addi-
tional 3000MW of power.
Work is expected to begin
in 2010 at an initial cost of
$300M, with the Brazilian
government providing
$250M, and the remainder
coming from Ghana.
IN THE JANUARY 2010
issue of International
Water Power & Dam
Construction well be
recognising some of the
fresh new talent to enter
the industry. In a spe-
cial prole feature well
be including biography
information and inter-
views with individuals
under the age of 35 who
are already making an
impact in the global hydro
power and dams arena.
To suggest an individual
from your company or
organisation that you feel
deserves to be included in
this special focus, please
email Carrieann Stocks to:
carrieannstocks@
globaltrademedia.com.
WORLD NEWS
In brief
BUILDING WORK HAS
started on the Rendalen 2
power plant in Norways
municipality of Rendalen,
following the award of a
NOK170M (US$30.6M)
construction contract to
Veidekke Entreprenor
AS. Rendalen 2 is being
built next to the existing
Rendalen scheme, and
Veidekkes contract, award-
ed by Eidsiva Vannkraft,
will involve the construc-
tion of a new settling
chamber, penstock and
power station, and blasting
of a new cable tunnel.
THE GOVERNMENT
of Ecuador has awarded
Chinese rm Sinohydro
Corporation a contract
to build the 1500MW
Coca-Coda-Sinclair
project in the Amazon
province of Napo. The
project, to be completed
in 2015, is expected to
cost an estimated US$2B,
with 85% funded by the
Export-Import Bank of
China, and 15% by the
Ecuadorian government
The project will include
construction of a dam and
powerhouse on the Coca
river and 24km of tunnels.
FILIPINO FIRM
Oriental Energy &
Power Generation Co a
subsidiary of publicly
listed mining rm Oriental
Peninsula Resources
Group has announced
plans to build a P2.5B
(US$53M) hydroelectric
power plant in Madalag,
Aklan province. The
18MW project will
help meet future energy
demands in the region,
which currently has high
electricity rates because
the area is heavily depend-
ent on oil.
A
NEW REPORT PUBLISHED BY
ICD research says that 56%
of hydro power generators and
power distribution companies expect
to increase their procurement spend
over the next 12 months, with a fur-
ther 24% maintaining spend at exist-
ing levels.
In the report Global Hydropower
Industry Outlook to 2010: Buyer
Spend and Procurement Strategies
and the Impact of Recession and
Recovery, researchers have analysed
how hydro generation companies
spend, and look at how procurement
strategies, practices and business is
being affected by the recession.
The report, based on an extensive
survey of senior and C-level industry
executives, also identies buyers and
suppliers future growth, M&A and
investment opportunities.
This extensive report is now
available for purchase. For more
i nformati on vi si t: http://www.
global-market-research.net/Report.
aspx?ID=Global-Hydropower-Industry-
Outlook-to-2010-Buyer-Spend-and-Pro-
curement-Strategies-and-the-Impact-
of-Recession-and-Recovery, or contact
Global Markets Direct via email: infor-
mation@globalmarketsdirect.com or
tel:+44 207 753 4299.
Procurement spend to increase, says report
N
EW ZEALANDS MERIDIAN
Energy has been granted water-
only consents for its proposed
hydro generation tunnel concept on
the north bank of the Waitaki river,
subject to certain conditions.
The companys North Bank Tunnel
Concept is a hydro generation proposal
taking water from behind the Waitaki
dam and discharging it back into the
Waitaki river about 34km downstream
near Stonewall. It will generate an aver-
age of between 1100GWh and 1400
GWH annually.
The decision to approve water-only con-
sents for water take, use and discharge,
follows an 11 day Environment Court hear-
ing in June and July this year which occurred
as a result of appeals of the Environment
Canterbury consents granted in 2008.
The decision says consent will be granted
subject to further work to address manage-
ment and mitigation issues in the areas of
wetlands and braided river birds.
To advance the project Meridian will
also have to apply for land-use and
construction consents for the build-
ing of the tunnel and power station.
Obtaining these consents is expected
to take several years.
Once all consents have been secured
and a full feasibility engineering study
has been completed, Meridian will be in
a position to commit to the design and
construction of the project. This is not
likely to occur until at least 2012.
Meridian gets water consents for tunnel
U
S UTILITY TENNESSEE VALLEY
Authority (TVA) is raising the
elevation of four of its dams to
help prevent overtopping in a worst
case extreme weather event, follow-
ing a recent update of ood forecast-
ing calculations.
The utility will place temporary,
wall-like structures on top of earthen
embankments of the Fort Loudoun,
Tellico, Cherokee and Watts Bar dams
in East Tennessee, raising the top
elevation of each embankment about
4ft (1.2m). The extra height would pre-
vent water from overtopping and dam-
aging the earthen embankments.
TVA evaluates its dam safety
program regularly, said TVA River
Scheduling General Manager Chuck
Bach. As technology and stand-
ards evolve and more or better data
becomes available, we update our
ood forecasting calculations to deter-
mine whether we need to change our
flood control operation or modify
our dams to better protect public
safety.
A recent update of TVAs river mod-
elling program determined that the
maximum oodwater elevations could
be higher than previously calculated
if a highly unlikely, worst-case winter
rainfall were to occur in the upper part
of the Tennessee Valley watershed.
Bach stressed that this action
is not related to recent rainfall that
caused ooding in unregulated tribu-
tary streams, which was only a frac-
tion of the amount used to forecast a
worst case scenario.
The magnitude of rainfall used in
the calculations has never actually
occurred in the region, but it could
produce floodwaters that would be
higher than previously thought, said
Bach. Although the probability of
such an event is extremely rare, TVA
must design and operate its dams to
safely withstand such events.
He said structures to raise the
embankments are scheduled for
installation by 1 January 2010,
because large regional floods are
most likely to occur in winter and
early spring. The interim measures
are expected to remain in place until
long-term, permanent solutions can
be identified, evaluated and imple-
mented.
To calculate the maximum flood
levels in its river modelling, TVA
assumes an extremely large storm
within the watershed area being eval-
uated, which is critically centered to
produce maximum ood levels.
The higher predicted ood levels
are the result of improved data gath-
ered in part from experience gained
during large storms, revised analysis
of spillway water ow rates at dams,
and higher initial reservoir levels in
TVAs new reservoir operating policy.
TVA to heighten dams
O
CEAN POWER TECHNOLOGIES
(OPT) has signed an exclusive
agreement with a Japanese
consortium comprising Idemitsu Kosan
Co, Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding
Co and Japan Wind Development Co to
develop a demonstration wave power
station in Japan.
The initial phase of the project will be
for OPT and the Consortium to work with
the Japanese government to increase the
recognition of wave power in Japanese
energy policy, and to identify favourable
sites for OPT wave power stations.
Subject to the successful identica-
tion of a site and completion of eco-
nomic assessments, the parties plan to
enter into an agreement to build a dem-
onstration plant with up to three of the
OPTs PowerBuoys units. The trial plant
would provide the basis for the expected
building of a commercial-scale OPT wave
power station with an initial capacity of
10MW or more.
Under the anticipated agreement
to build the demonstration plant, OPT
will sell the equipment for the power
station to the Consortium. For sub-
sequent wave power stations, the
Consortium will provide manufactur-
ing and maintenance of the power sta-
tions and on-going plant operations,
while OPT will provide its PowerBuoy
technology under license.
OPT in Japan
wave deal
Let IWP&DCs readers know about your forthcoming conferences and events.
For publication in a future issue, send your diary dates to: Carrieann Stocks, IWP&DC, Global Trade Media Ltd, Progressive House, 2 Maidstone Road,
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DIARY OF EVENTS
DIARY
December 2009
1-2 December
Small Hydro Power
Washington, USA
CONTACT: Green Power
Conferences,
Tel: +44 (0)207 099 0600
info@greenpowerconferences.com
2-4 December
8th International Conference
on Shock and Impact Loads on
Structures
Adelaide, Australia
CONTACT: Conference Secretariat,
CI-Premier Pte Ltd, 150 Orchard
Road, #07-14, Orchard Plaza,
Singapore 238841..
Tel: +65 6733 2922.
Fax: +65 6235 3530.
Email: cipremie@singnet.com.sg.
8-9 December
Energy Storage Solutions 2009
London, UK
CONTACT: Arena International,
Brunel House, 55-57 North Wharf
Road, London, W2 1LA.
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7915 9717.
events@arena-international.com.
www.arena-international.com/
energy/ess.
February 2010
16-17 February
4th Renewable Energy Finance Forum
- Central and Eastern Europe
Prague, Czech Republic
CONTACT: Euromoney Energy
Events Ltd, Nestor House, Playhouse
Yard, London, UK, EC4V 5EX.
Fax: +44 20 7779 8946.
Email: energyevents@euromoney-
energy.com.
23-24 February
Dam and Reservoir Refurbishment
and Safety 2010
London, UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 7915 9769.
Email: rebeccaknowles@arena-
international.com.
www.arena-international.com/dam.
25-28 February
International Power Summit 2010
London, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7915 9717.
events@arena-international.com
www.internationalpowersummit.com
March 2010
24-26 March
HydroVision Russia
Moscow, Russia
CONTACT: Mathilde Sueur,
Conference Manager, PennWell.
Tel: +44 1992 656 634.
Fax: +44 1992 656 735.
Email:
mathildes@pennwell.com.
www.hydrovision-russia.com.
April 2010
7-9 April
3rd International Conference on
Problematic Soils
Adelaide, Australia
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www.cipremier.com.
15-16 April
Small Hydro 2010
Montreal, Canada
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Arena Internati onal , Brunel
House, 55-57 North Wharf Road,
London, W2 1LA.
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7915 9642.
francesparker@arena-internation-
al.com.
21-23 April
Power-Gen India & Central Asia
New Delhi, India
CONTACT: Kelvin Marlow,
PennWell.
Tel: +44 1992 656 610.
Fax: +44 1992 656 700.
exhibitpgica@pennwell.com.
www.power-genindia.com.
23-25 April
Re p a i r s , Ap p r a i s a l a n d
Maintenance of Buildings and
Structures and Fibre Reinforced
Materials
Yantai, China
Singapore 238841,
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May 2010
11-12 May
5th Renewable Energy Finance
Forum - China
Beijing, China
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Events Ltd, Nestor House, Playhouse
Yard, London, UK, EC4V 5EX.
Fax: +44 20 7779 8946.
energyevents@euromoneyenergy.
com.
23-29 May
Recent Advances in Geotechnical
Earthquake Engineering and Soil
Dynamics
California, US
Singapore 238841,
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June 2010
8-10 June
Power-Gen Europe 2010
Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Europe.
Tel: +44 1992 656 614.
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Email: paperspg@pennwell.com.
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8-10 June
Renewable Energy World Europe
2010
Amsterdam, Netherlands
CONTACT: Amy Na s h,
Conference Manager, Renewable
Energy World Europe.
Tel: +44 1992 656 621.
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rope.com.
23-25 June
International Conferences on
Green Ocean Construction and 7th
Ground Improvement Techniques
Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Secretariat, CI-Premier Pte Ltd, 150
Orchard Road, #07-14, Orchard
Plaza, Singapore 238841,
Tel: +65 6733 2922.
Fax: +65 6235 3530.
www.cipremier.com.
July 2010
27-30 July
Hydrovision International
North Carolina, US
CONTACT: Li bby Smi t h,
PennWell.
Tel: +1 (918) 831-9560.
Email: LibbyS@PennWell.com.
www.hydroevent.com.
August 2010
25-27 August
35th Conference on Our World in
Concrete and Structures
Singapore
CONTACT: Co n f e r e n c e
Secretariat, CI-Premier Pte Ltd.
Tel: +65 6733 2922.
September 2010
12-16 September
21st World Energy Congress
Quebec, Canada
CONTACT: Organsing Committee.
Tel: + 1 (514) 397-1474.
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Submit your tenders to us, here at IWP&DC, free of charge, for publication in a future issue.
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TENDERS & CONTRACTS
TENDERS
Canada
Request for proposals
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
(AAFC) has released a request for
proposal inviting qualified and
experienced rms to submit a pro-
posal for Duncairn Dam Service
Contract No 9 Dam Safety Review
Phase 1 Dam Break Analysis and
Inundation Mapping.
AAFC is endeavouring to align
activities and management of dams it
owns and is responsible for, with cur-
rent industry standards. The indus-
try standards for dam ownership
are outlined in the Canadian Dam
Association (CDA) Practices docu-
ment and are further dened in the
CDA guidelines. Stated therein is the
requirement that dams undergo peri-
odic systematic safety reviews. An
assessment of the potential impacts
of ood passage on the downstream
area is a key rst step.
For further information on the
RFP contact: Colby Collinge, 1800
Hamilton Street, Room 408, Regina,
SK, Canada, S4P 4L2. Tel: (306) 780
5058. Email: collingec@agr.gc.ca
Pakistan
Advance notice
The Pakistan Water and Power
Development Authority (WAPDA)
has invited expressions of interest
for consultancy work on the Warsak
hydroelectric power station in north-
west Peshawar.
Work will involve carrying out fea-
sibility studies, together with prepa-
ration of the detailed design, tender
documents and PC-I for the upgrad-
ing and modernization of the project
on the River Kabul.
The Warsak project was originally
completed in two phases and was
nanced by the Canadian Government.
The rst phase, completed in 1960,
consisted of construction of a dam,
irrigation tunnels and installation of
4x40MW power generating units,
together with a 132KV transmission
system. Two additional generating
units each of 41.48MW capacity were
added in 1980-81 in the 2nd phase,
increasing the total installed capacity
of the station to 243MW. The basic
objective of the proposed feasibility
study is to determine the most viable
options to ensure the six units continue
to operate for a further 40-50 years.
Under the project, the required
Consultancy Services will comprise
of four areas with regards to the fea-
sibility study and preparation of the
detailed design and tender documents:
(I) Rehabilitation Works related to
E&M Equipment of Generating Units
(II) Rehabilitation Works related to
Civil Structures (III) Sedimentation
Management Studies and (IV)
Preparation of PC-I of the Project.
The intention of this EOI invitation
is to shortlist suitable consultants/
JVs from which the proposals will be
invited. The JVs should not comprise
of more than four rms.
Interested firms are advised to
address their submissions or enquir-
ies , if any, to the General Manager
(Hydel), 186-WAPDA House,
Lahore. Tel: (+92-42) 9202288.
Fax: (+92-42) 9202159.
The last date for submission of EOIs is
4 December 2009 up to 14.00 hours
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INSIGHT
S
inohydros decision to take control
of the Memveele dam project in
Cameroon is just the latest in a long
line of Chinese support for hydro
schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa. While
many of the contracts are undoubtedly
motivated by commercial considerations,
they appear to be part of the Chinese gov-
ernments wider policy towards the region.
In a strategy that has been dubbed power
plant diplomacy, Beijing is helping to
develop African infrastructural projects in
an apparent attempt to gain control over a
wide array of natural resources, from oil
and gas to copper and iron ore.
Globeleq had originally planned to
develop the Memveele project. The
British company, which is an offshoot
of CDC Corporation (previously called
t he Commonweal t h Devel opment
Corporation), invests in power schemes
in developing countries that can improve
living standards as well as generate prof-
its. It intended to develop the scheme
through its local subsidiary, Sud Energie,
via a build own operate transfer (BOOT)
contract that would see ownership trans-
ferred to the government of Cameroon
after 20 years.
However, Globeleq withdrew from the
scheme in May 2009, less than two years
after signing the BOOT contract. The gov-
ernment appeared to have changed its mind
about the structure of the deal and objected
to the fact that it would take two decades
to secure ownership. Sinohydro signed its
own preliminary agreement to construct
the project in September this year and a
government spokesperson revealed that the
nal agreement is expected to be completed
in the near future.
Chinese investment
in African hydro
China is developing a series of major dam projects in
Africa, including the Bui dam in Ghana and Tekeze project
in Ethiopia. Neil Ford investigates the strategy behind
these new developments
Chinese rm Sinohydro is involved in the development
of the 300MW Tekeze project in Ethiopia
INSIGHT
The scope of the project, however, will
remain unchanged. A total of 200MW
of generating capacity will be installed at
Memveele on the Ntem River, with first
electricity due by December 2014. At the
conclusion of the preliminary agreement,
the minister of energy and water resources,
Michael Ngako Tomdio, commented: I
hope everything will be done rapidly so that
Sino Hydro Corporation can begin work at
the latest early next year.
New transmission infrastructure will
also be developed by the Chinese rm in
order to connect the scheme to the rest of
the national power grid and also to neigh-
bouring states. Yaound has a set a target
of boosting national generating capac-
ity to 2GW by 2015, with much of the
additional output provided by Memveele
and other new hydro and gas red power
plants used to generate export revenues. It
is believed that Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
and the Republic of Congo could all import
Cameroonian hydroelectricity, although
some output will also be used to boost sup-
plies to the south of Cameroon.
Memveele project director Dieudonn
Bisso has pledged that a comprehensive
social and environment impact assessment
will be carried out, with all displaced and
affected people given support to resettle.
He said that many of those affected would
be offered employment in the construction
phase of the venture. Project nance of CFA
365B (US$814M) is expected to be provided
by the Export Import Bank of China (Exim
Bank China), conrming that Sinohydros
participation is supported by Beijing.
Regular readers of IWP&DC will be
aware of a number of other similar Chinese
deals in Africa. Sinohydro itself is already
developing the long awaited 400MW Bui
scheme in Ghana, has held talks with the
government of Zambia over the expansion
of the Kariba Dam in Zambia, and is con-
structing the 300MW Tekeze Hydro Power
Project (THPP) in Ethiopia, but it is not the
only Chinese company interested in Africas
hydro potential. China International Water
& Electric Corporation is a member of a
consortium developing the 1250MW
Merowe Dam in Sudan, while China
National Machinery & Equipment Import
& Export Corporation is building two
smaller dams in Gabon.
China does have a track record of invest-
ing in Africa. Beijing helped to fund a series
of projects in the 1970s as part of a Cold
War diplomatic strategy to support coun-
tries with left wing governments. As a result,
Chinese money and manpower constructed
the Tanzania-Zambia Railway (Tazara)
to reduce both countries dependence on
Apartheid era South Africa. Beijings interest
in the region waned during the 1980s and
1990s but has re-emerged in recent years.
Massive increases in commodity prices
between 2004 and 2008 were in large part
fuelled by sustained Chinese annual economic
growth of 10%, as the volume of shipments
of hydrocarbons and mining products to
China increased relentlessly. Chinese compa-
nies have often been unable to compete with
the established international oil and mining
rms that dominate many African economies
but by tying infrastructural investment to
raw materials concessions, they are able to
offer something beyond the deals provided
by their western competitors.
Oil or copper concessions are sometimes
explicitly tied to infrastructural investment
but more often the connection between the
two is implicit. Wide ranging intergovern-
mental agreements between Beijing and
African states are often agreed on a bilat-
eral basis, to be followed by more specic
deals between those African nations and
Chinese companies regarding individual
projects that had previously been agreed
only in principle. The fact that many
Chinese rms are entirely or partly state
owned obviously provides the Chinese gov-
ernment with a great deal of inuence over
investment policy.
From the point of view of African govern-
ments, such investment is greatly welcomed.
Hydro schemes account for most power pro-
duction outside North Africa and South Africa,
while most of the continents hydro potential
remains untapped. Yet local power companies
generally lack the nancial muscle to develop
new projects, while foreign rms from most
of the rest of the world have avoided investing
in Africa because of the lack of revenues on
offer. As a result, relatively few large hydro
projects have been completed on the conti-
nent since a spate of dams were constructed
during the rst wave of optimism following
the independence era of the early 1960s. The
fact that Chinese rms are prepared to con-
struct dam projects, as well as railway, port
and other much needed infrastructural ven-
tures, is therefore generally embraced by cash
starved African governments.
In addition, the development of the
18.2GW Three Gorges Dam, 15.8GW
Yellow River and 12.6GW Xiluodu projects
have helped China to build on its already
substantial supply of hydro sector expertise,
providing a training ground for thousands
of engineers and other industry specialists.
Beijings power plant diplomacy has given
the industry an opportunity to further its
expertise in a variety of challenging environ-
ments, helping to generate yet more export
revenues in the process.
Bui underway in Ghana
One of the most high prole African hydro
schemes to be developed by a Chinese rm
is the Bui dam on the River Black Volta
in Ghanas Brong Ahafo region. Successive
Ghanaian governments have sought to
develop the project in order to reduce
the countrys reliance on the 1020MW
Akosombo Dam and also to reverse the
countrys decline from net power exporter
to importer but foreign developers and
even international financial institutions
were reluctant to fund the venture, partly
because it will result in the ooding of a
large area of Bui National Park, thereby
displacing a rare population of hippos.
In April 2007, however, Sinohydro nally
put pen to paper on a $622M build operate
transfer (BOT) contract for Bui, with almost
all funding provided by Chinese sources. The
Chinese government has supplied a $270M
low interest loan, while Exim Bank China
has provided a $292M buyers credit facility,
leaving Accra with just a $60M contribution.
Some western governments and development
agencies have criticised this and other hydro
schemes for generating more African debt
at a time when real progress has been made
on debt reduction, particularly through the
World Banks enhanced highly indebted poor
countries (HIPC) scheme.
The Ghanaian government argues that
the boost to the economy will more than
compensate for increased debt repayments
Left and middle: Akosombo Dam in Ghana; Right: Construction work gets underway at the Bui dam site. Photographs by Edmund Kyei Akoto-Danso, IWMI
INSIGHT
but the lack of transparency on the terms of
credit encourage criticism of such arrange-
ments. However, it could be argued that the
apparent absence of guarantees on govern-
ance and social benet leave African govern-
ments with more room for manoeuvre. Apart
from providing much needed electricity, it is
hoped to irrigate 30,000ha of agricultural
land and create a tourist centre.
Generating capacity of 400MW will
be provided by three turbines and a 110m
high roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam.
Phase two of Bui began in December last
year, when the river was blocked in prepara-
tion for the construction of the main dam,
power house and spillway. Bui lies within
the same river system as Akosombo, which
has been affected by droughts over the past
decade, but Accra is condent that Bui will
improve the power supply situation, pro-
viding electricity for northern Ghana and
also Togo and Burkina Faso via the West
African Power Pool (WAPP). At present,
most power consumed in the north is gener-
ated at the Akosombo Dam in the south and
so the national power company, the Volta
River Authority (VRA), suffers substantial
transmission losses in transferring electricity
across the country.
Sinohydro also signed an engineering,
procurement and construction contract
with Zambia Electricity Supply Ltd (Zesco)
in November 2007 to expand the Zambian
portion of the Kariba scheme. The other half
of the project is located in Zimbabwe but
the $243M Kariba North Bank project will
provide Zambia with an additional 360MW
of generating capacity and therefore offers a
good ratio of investment to MW. Exim Bank
China is again involved, providing $206M.
Construction work is already underway
and is scheduled for completion in 2012
when Zesco hopes to step up the pace of its
rural electrification programme, although
some of the new power production could be
consumed by the mining sector. At present,
Zesco relies on importing electricity from
the rest of the Southern African Power Pool
(SAPP) during periods of prolonged low
rainfall but rising consumption elsewhere in
the SAPP and South Africas growing power
supply problems mean that this may become
a more unlikely option in the future, with
SAPP tariffs expected to increase.
Perhaps the biggest prize in Africa in
terms of securing access to natural resources
is Nigeria. With the continents biggest oil
and gas reserves, it has certainly attracted
the attention of Chinese investors, including
China National Offshore Oil Corporation
(CNOOC), which paid $2.3B for a 45%
stake in Nigerias OML 130 concession in
January 2006, while further investment in
oil assets has been made. However, many
planned infrastructural projects have stalled,
including $8.2B of promised Chinese invest-
ment in railway modernisation and the
development of the 3.9GW Mambila Dam
by China National Machinery & Equipment
Import & Export Corporation, as a host
of contracts signed by the previous govern-
ment of President Olusegun Obasanjo are
reviewed by the new administration. The fate
of the Mambila venture has therefore yet to
be decided.
In March, Sinohydro signed a deal with
the Benin Electricity Corporation (CEB) to
develop the 147MW Adjarala hydro scheme
on the Mono River, which forms part of the
border between Benin and Togo. According
to Chinese sources, the contract is worth
EUR282M and the scheme is scheduled to
come on stream during the rst half of 2013.
Benin and Togo, which will jointly own the
project, have both relied heavily on imported
electricity from Ghana and Nigeria for many
years but could now become net exporters to
the WAPP. The completion of Adjarala could
make it less likely that spur pipelines from the
West African Gas Pipeline (WAGP) will be
developed to transport Nigerian gas to Togo
and Benin, as all of the WAGP target states
increase their hydro generating capacities.
Tekeze on the brink
On the opposite side of the continent, a
consortium of Sinohydro-CWHEC (49%),
China Gezhouba Water and Power Group
(30%) and local firm Sur Construction
(21%) is developing the Tekeze scheme in
Ethiopia. With a height of 185m, the dam
will be higher than that employed in the Three
Gorges project, although expected generating
capacity is far more modest at 300MW. All
output will be sold to the Ethiopian Electric
Power Corporation (EEPC) under a long
term power purchase agreement (PPA). Dam
construction was completed in February and
the rst of its four 75MW turbines will be
brought on stream by the end of this year,
two and a half years after rst electricity was
originally expected.
More recently, in September, the Ethiopian
Electric Power Corporation (EEPCo)
announced that it had signed agreements
with Chinese rms for another two hydro
schemes. Sinohydro is to construct the
$555M Chemoga Yeda project, which will
comprise ve dams on ve rivers in Amhara
state. No details of generating capacity were
given. The second contract was awarded
to the China Gezhouba Water and Power
Group for the development of the 254MW
Genale Dawa III scheme in the south of the
country, on the border of Somali and Oromia
states. Located on the Genale River, it will
include a 110m high dam and is priced at
$408M, with rst electricity due in 2013.
If all of these schemes, together with a series
of projects without Chinese involvement, are
completed as planned, the Ethiopian govern-
ment could full its ambition of becoming a
net power exporter within a decade but at
present the country continues to suffer from
power rationing. It has been reported in the
Ethiopian press that supplies have been cut
every second day over the past six months.
The biggest hydro project in Africa
with Chinese support is the Merowe Dam
in neighbouring Sudan, although China
International Water & Electric Corporation
is just one member of the development
consortium, which also includes Cegelec
of France and German firm Lahmeyer.
However, Exim Bank China is also pro-
viding a EUR240M (US$353M) loan, as
Beijing continues to demonstrate that it is
one of Sudans closest allies in the inter-
national community. Many foreign rms
have fought shy of investing in the country
because of accusations that such support
has helped fuel conflicts in south Sudan
and Darfur. Yet China National Petroleum
Corporation (CNPC) is now the biggest
investor in the Sudanese oil industry,
prompting Beijing to support a range of
infrastructural projects in the country.
The additional generating capacity provid-
ed by Merowe will be welcomed, given that
Sudan continues to be affected by power cuts.
The rst 250MW phase of the project came
on stream in March but power shortages
were reported as recently as July. According
to the Sudanese government, all 1250MW
should be in place by the end of this year,
greatly increasing total Sudanese capacity. As
a result, the Sudanese ministry of energy and
mining has announced that power tariffs will
be reduced by 25-30% next July.
Outlook
It may seem unwise for African governments
recently freed from most of their debt burden
to be accepting new loans, on whatever
terms. Yet the lack of access to electricity and
the unreliable nature of many power systems
on the continent remain two of the greatest
obstacles to more rapid economic growth
and improved living standards. While 98%
of North Africans have access to electricity
at home, the gure is much lower in most of
Africa, falling to 5-10% in Uganda, Malawi,
Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo
and Mozambique, while the lack of reliable
gures for a host of other countries suggests
that electrication may have made even less
progress elsewhere.
More investment in thermal power projects
and renewables would produce a more bal-
anced generation mix but large hydro remains
the cheapest option for most African nations,
particularly away from the coastal strip. The
Chinese government and Chinese companies
are prepared to invest billions of dollars in
African hydro schemes that have been on the
drawing board for decades but which have
remained undeveloped because other gov-
ernments and private sector rms are either
unwilling or unable to develop them.
It is therefore understandable that so many
African governments are prepared to accept
such investment, even at the risk of inating
their national debt. With so many infrastruc-
tural projects awaiting construction and so
much untapped hydro potential in Africa,
it would not be surprising if this wave of
Chinese investment in African hydro were to
continue for many years to come.
IWP& DC
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DAM SAFETY
T
HE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
(UNECE), in particular through its Convention on the
Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and
International Lakes, is engaged in promoting cooperation
on the management of shared water resources in Central Asia. This
is a precondition for sustainable development in the subregion.
One direction of activities is promoting the safe operation of dams
and other large water management structures.
Large dams represent a very important segment of the water
management infrastructure of Central Asia. According to ICOLD
classication, out of more than 1200 dams in the region, 110 are
large dams. Many of these are located in the basins of transbound-
ary rivers such as the Amu Darya, the Syr Darya, the Ili and the
Irtysh. One of the worlds highest dams, the 300m tall Nurek Dam,
is located on the Vakhsh River, a tributary of the Amu Darya in
Tajikistan.
The economic hydro power potential [2] in Central Asia is estimat-
ed at 400B kWh annually, 10% of which is exploited. The region
could cover more than 70% of projected electricity needs by hydro
power. The main part (about 90%) of this hydro potential is found
in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. In these countries, new hydro power
stations are being constructed, one example being the Rogun sta-
tion in Tajikistan on the Vakhsh River. With a 335m high rockll
dam and a water volume of 13.8km
3
, Rogun is designed to have an
installed capacity of 3600MW [3]. In Kyrgyzstan, the Kambarata-1
hydro power station on the Naryn River will be 275m high and have
a water volume of 4.65km
3
. The projected capacity is 1.9MW.
Many of the dams in Central Asia were built 40 to 50 years ago,
and due to limited resources for their maintenance and the inad-
equacy of a legal framework for their safe operation, the risk of
accidents is increasing. With a couple of exceptions there are also
no established procedures for notication of co-basin countries
in the case of accidents or emergency situations. With dams on
the transboundary rivers criss-crossing the region, the failure of
a dam could have disastrous consequences in densely populated
downstream regions and countries.
Playing it safe in Central Asia
Many of Central Asias ageing large dams are located in the basins of transboundary rivers.
The United Nations is leading an initiative to promote the safe operation and management of
such structures in the region. Bo Libert, Erkin Orolbaev and Yuri Steklov give more details
The 335m high
Nurek dam in Tajikistan
DAM SAFETY
PROJ ECT I NI TI ATI ON
In response to a request by countries in Central Asia that this impor-
tant issue be addressed, UNECE and the United Nations Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacic (UNESCAP) started
the project, Capacity-Building for Cooperation on Dam Safety in
Central Asia in 2006. Funding was provided by the Government
of Finland. The project is a contribution to the implementation of
the Cooperation Strategy to Promote the Rational and Efcient Use
of Water and Energy Resources in Central Asia [4]. The Strategy
has been developed and adopted under the United Nations Special
Programme for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA).
The projects phase I, completed over nine months by the end of
2006, aimed to prompt the countries rst to consider setting up or
revising national dam safety regulatory frameworks to achieve their
harmonisation; and secondly to pursue regional cooperation on infor-
mation exchange and notication in the event of accidents or emer-
gency situations with dams. This resulted in two major outcomes:
U A model national law on safety of large hydraulic facilities, includ-
ing dams, intended to be a base of national harmonised legal frame-
works for dam safety.
U A draft regional agreement on cooperation on dam safety, which
stipulates, inter alia, the exchange of information and the notica-
tion of other countries in the event of accidents with dams.
In the rst project phase, national reports on the issues related to vari-
ous aspects of dam safety were prepared for each country. Then, on
the basis of these reports, a publication on dam safety in Central Asia
was issued [5]. The publication covers the current national legal, insti-
tutional and nancial modalities in the area of dam safety, the exist-
ing cooperative arrangements in that sector, as well as the model law
and draft regional agreements. It also contains a list of large dams in
Central Asia, updated for the rst time since the end of the 1980s.
PHASE I I
The second three-year project phase started in 2008, with renewed
funding from Finland and co-funding from the Russian Federation.
UNECE is responsible for project implementation in close coopera-
tion with the executive board of the International Fund for the Saving
of the Aral Sea (EC-IFAS).
The projects objective is to improve the national legal and institu-
tional frameworks as well as to set up regional cooperation mecha-
nisms on dam safety in Central Asia. Project activities in four areas
support the countries in terms of developing:
U National regulatory frameworks for dam safety, building on the
model national law developed in phase I.
U A regional cooperative framework on dam safety and sustained
intra-regional cooperation, with the draft agreement of the rst
phase as a starting point.
U The necessary documentation and technical capacity for harmonis-
ing technical regulations and procedures for the monitoring and
evaluation of dam performance.
U Improved access to potential sources of technical assistance for
rehabilitation of dams and improvement of monitoring and early
warning systems.
In all of the participating countries, some action has been taken to
formulate legislation on dam safety, or to improve the existing regula-
tory framework [6].
Kazakhstan
The draft of a national law proposing incorporation of amendments
related to the safety of hydrotechnical structures in the national Water
Code has been reviewed within the framework of the project. As a
result, the draft law has been revised. More changes in the national
legislation are however required to adequately handle safety issues.
An important step towards strengthening of the legislation in this
sector was made with the approval of national rules for the safety
of water management systems and structures by the Government of
Kazakhstan on 12 May 2009.
Kyrgyzstan
A law on establishing a dam commission as a national regulator for
the safety of large hydrotechnical structures was recently drafted
through a World Bank project. It will be reviewed by the UNECE
project, taking into account the draft model law.
Tajikistan
A rst draft of a national law on dam safety has been prepared with
reference to the projects model national law. However, more efforts
are required to initiate the process of law formulation. A national
seminar on dam safety is planned for late 2009 which would help
trigger the process.
Turkmenistan
Participants at a national seminar on dam safety in 2008 realised the
necessity of having a national law on the safety of hydrotechnical
structures. Subsequently, a draft law was prepared along the lines of
the model law, but the draft needs revision to comprehensively reect
the specics of water infrastructure management in the country. It
is anticipated that assistance from the project will be requested to
nalise the draft law.
Uzbekistan
Upon reviewing recent changes in Russian legislation on the safety
of hydrotechnical structures presented at a national seminar on dam
safety in 2008, Uzbek authorities initiated a revision of the national
law on the safety of water management infrastructure adopted ten
years ago. The draft national law containing provisions aiming to
improve the existing law was prepared by the State Water Control
Facilities Committee (the countrys national regulator in this sector)
in consultation with other concerned ministries and agencies for sub-
mission to the Parliament.
The review of the proposed changes, along with recommendations
for improving the draft, was made by an international expert afli-
ated with the UNECE project. The legal act proposing amendments
to the national law is in the approval process.
HARMONI SI NG TECHNI CAL NORMS AND
REGULATI ONS
This work has received a signicant push from complementary
funding from the Russian Federation, which has made it possi-
ble to engage the Centre on Safety of Hydrotechnical Structures
(Moscow), Association Hydroproject (Moscow) and the
Toktogul dam is located in Kyrgyzstan
DAM SAFETY
Vodoavtomatika Institute (Bishkek) in the activities. With a view to
proposing a model set of uniform technical norms and regulations,
a list of legal acts and technical documents used in the Russian
Federation for regulating the safety of hydrotechnical structures,
plus similar lists for all ve Central Asian countries, have been
prepared and analysed.
On this basis, a draft set of documents has been proposed, and the
idea of preparing a model technical directive, comprising both model
law provisions and some technical norms, has been discussed. The
proposed approach is likely to speed up the revision and introduction
of a regulatory framework in the Central Asian countries. The outline
of the model technical directive has been prepared and submitted to
all the Central Asian countries for comment.
REGI ONAL AGREEMENT
The development of an agreement on cooperation in the eld of dam
safety in Central Asia has continued. New drafts from 2008 have
been discussed at regional and national meetings and circulated to
relevant ministries in the countries. A draft charter for each of the
proposed alternative bodies for cooperation, namely an international
commission or a regional centre on the safety of hydrotechnical struc-
tures, has been prepared.
A new draft incorporating most of the changes and amendments
proposed by countries was distributed in October 2009 to the ve
governments for approval.
CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE
There are signicant challenges for future work on dam safety in the
region. Obviously, there is a need to increase the efforts at the indi-
vidual installations to make sure that the technical standards are fol-
lowed, and that proper measures are taken to make sure that the risk
of accidents does not increase with the ageing of dams. On a national
level, it is important that national legislation and the institutions
responsible for controlling the safety of hydrotechnical facilities are
developed in all countries. Training of staff responsible for dam safety
is a very important direction of the work, one which urgently needs
to be developed. At a regional level it is important that a platform,
such as a commission or centre, is established for the ve countries to
discuss technical issues and cooperation on dam safety.

The authors are Bo Libert, regional adviser on the
environment, United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe, Geneva, Switzerland. Email: Bo.Libert@unece.org
Erkin Orolbaev, consultant, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Email: erkin.orolbaev@gmail.com
Yuri Steklov, consultant, Bangkok, Thailand.
Email: yuri.steklov@gmail.com
References
(1) The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily
reect the views of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
(2) Data on the hydro power potential as well as other information on the
energy situation in Central Asia can be found at: http://www.unece.org/
speca/pdf/wer/effuse_e.pdf
(3) Data on Rogun, Kambarata and other dams in the region can be found
at: http://www.unece.org/env/water/publications/documents/Water_
Series_Publication5_r.pdf
(4) http://www.unece.org/speca/pdf/wer/effuse_e.pdf
(5) http://www.unece.org/env/water/publications/documents/Water_
Series_Publication5_r.pdf, only available in Russian.
(6) Details on project implementation including meeting reports can be found
online at: http://www.unece.org/env/water/damsafety.htm.
IWP& DC
Project cooperation with other
organisations
The International Fund for the Saving of the Aral Sea (IFAS) is the major
regional partner in this project. The IFAS executive board for Kazakhstan has
hosted several regional meetings in Almaty. Members of the IFAS executive
committee actively participate in the projects activities and have made
substantial contributions to its development. The placing of the proposed
international commission on the safety of hydrotechnical structures in Central
Asia under the IFAS umbrella has been proposed by several countries and
welcomed by the IFAS executive committee.
The Euro-Asian Economic Community (EurAsEC) has provided support for the
ofcial approval of the model national law. In May 2008, the EurAsEC inter-
parliamentary assembly adopted the model law and recommended its member-
countries to refer to that law when drafting or revising their national legislation
for regulating the safety of dams and other hydrotechnical structures.
In cooperation with a World Bank project in Kyrgyzstan on restructuring the
water sector management, cooperation on dam safety is developing.
Collaboration with Association Hydroproject, a loose union of research and
design institutes in the eld of hydrotechnical structures in the former USSR
republics, has contributed to the formulation of a model set of technical norms.
In a German initiative (the Berlin Process) to support the water cooperation in
Central Asia, the safety of hydrotechnical structures is one direction for project
development with the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ).
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is planning a dam safety project in
Uzbekistan on the Syr Darya which will aim to identify safety concerns of
individual dams for further possible development of investment nancing.
Further view of Kyrgyzstans Toktogul dam
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26 MARCH 2009 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
SMALL HYDRO
first BC companies to introduce the concept of clustering projects to share the substantial cost of longer transmission lines. For instance, at Plutonic Powers East Toba and Montrose project, the two run-of-river developments will share a single 150km long, 230kV transmission line. Without this sharing arrangement, nei- ther development would be financially viable. The environment also benefits from this arrangement, as line sharing reduces the potential development footprint. Furthermore, the lines are routed as much as possible along existing logging roads, resulting in less clearing for transmission line corridors. This environmental advan- tage is in turn important for First Nations partners, as transmission lines often cross their territory. Asimilar sharing of transmission lines is occurring in Cloudworks Energys Kwalsa Development site, 90km northeast of Vancouver.
I
N British Columbia (BC), Canada, Knight Pisold has worked closely with several private and institutional developers on project development, applying many newand innovative techniques in all aspects of designing hydro schemes. These include project identification, stream gauging and hydrological assessment, engineering design, project optimization, environmental assessment, permitting and licensing, and First Nations involvement.
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
In the early 1990s, Knight Pisold worked with developers on identifying and optimizing run-of-river projects that were close to existing transmission lines. But in the last few years, as prime sites have been identified in more remote areas, it became one of the
Since engineering its first hydroelectric scheme in 1926, Knight Pisold has gained
considerable experience in the design of power generation facilities. In the 21st century,
the company is working with its partners to create a legacy of clean, renewable energy
through run-of-river hydro projects
Technical and design innovations
in run-of-river projects
Assessing hydro power development in Gargoyle Creek Valley - Plutonic Powers Bute Inlet Project
MARCH 2009
Serving the hydro industry for 60 years: 1949-2009
Examining excavation work
Focus on small hydro
Datacollection
Innovationsinrun-of-river hydroschemes
28 MARCH 2009 INTERNATIONAL WATER POWER & DAM CONSTRUCTION
This method has also improved the companys ability to predict flows at one site on the basis of flows at another site, even if the relative timing of flows at both sites do not exactly coincide. The flowprediction methodology has proven to be acceptable for bank- able feasibility studies, enabling clients to secure project financing, says the company.
INTAKE DESIGN
A primary goal of a run-of-river intake design is to extract water from a river while excluding sediment and debris, which can cause impact damage and excessive wear to the conveyance system and turbines. Sediment exclusion has traditionally been achieved through the use of expensive and often extensive desanding facilities. Knight Pisold has refined the design of two types of intakes that incorpo- rate efficient sediment exclusion systems, which have proven very effective in high energy, glaciated river systems: Coanda Screen and Rubber Weir Type Intakes.
Coanda Screen Intake The Coanda screen intake relies on the Coanda effect of flowing water to stay attached to an adjacent curved surface to direct water through a fine meshed screen. It was used for the first time on a Canadian run-of-river project in 2004. Over the past five years, the company has worked closely with the manufacturer, Norris Screens and Manufacturing, and contractor partner, Peter Kiewit Sons, to optimize the screens design. The screens water diversion capacity has been designed to make it more fish friendly, while its ability to exclude sediment has been maximized and maintenance needs have been decreased. The new stainless steel screens are self-cleaning and eliminate particles of less than 2mm in diameter. They are substantially more robust than the first-generation type and better
able to withstand the high flood levels and heavy debris loads of streams in BCs coastal mountains. In 2005, the design for the McNair Creek Green Power project, which included a Coanda Intake, received an Award of Excellence from the Consulting Engineers of British Columbia (CEBC).
Rubber weir intake The rubber weir intake incorporates a large diameter, cylindrical rubber weir that automatically inflates and deflates in response to sensors measuring water levels in the headpond. Under very high flows, the weir deflates completely, providing passage for flood waters and debris.
SMALL HYDRO
Above: Coanda screen intake Renewable Powers McNair Creek project
Right: Weholite pipe low pressure conduit Rutherford Creek Power/ Innergexs Rutherford Creek
ciency of stage discharge data collection. The operation of so many gauging stations and the huge amounts of data they generate has necessitated the development of a specialized hydrology module for Knight Pisolds centralized, web-based Fulcrumenvironmental data management system. This module was created specifically for the storage, management and processing of streamgauging data. It allows field staff to upload, view, and process all information fromremote locations, and any changes to the data- base can be viewed in real time by staff and clients. To assist with rating curve development, and particularly the extrapolation of a curve beyond the range of measured stage-discharge values, a ranked regression modeling approach has been developed. When combined with an understanding of the physical processes dictating hydrologic response in compared watersheds, this approach provides guidance for the delineation of a curve.
The company is currently constructing four of eight planned run-of- river projects. This group of facilities is sharing the significant transmission and interconnection costs to tie into BCTCs 360kV transmission system.
STREAM GAUGING AND HYDROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Knight Pisold has developed considerable expertise for the collection and analysis of hydrological data in isolated, challenging envi- ronments, including watersheds in coastal mountainous BC, Arctic permafrost terrain on Baffin Island, and dense, tropical jungles in Africa. It currently operates over 150 streamgauging stations around the world. Most of these are in high velocity, glacier-fed streams in BCs Coastal Mountain range. The quality and value of the data depend on several factors including gauging site selection, flowmea- surement technique, data quality assurance and control, rating curve development, and data analysis. Proper gauging site selection is critical for ensuring a definable and consistent relationship between water stage and discharge. Considerable skill is also required to identify, assess and establish a proper gauging site. Accurate flow measurement is also of paramount importance, and for this the company uses several flowmea- surement instruments and techniques including a traditional velocity meter, an acoustic Doppler current profiler, and salt and rhodamine dye dilution. The method of choice depends greatly on channel characteristics and flow conditions: the salt and rhodamine dye techniques are generally preferred for the turbulent, fast flowing conditions that developers often face. These methods present challenges, however, as they involve expensive equipment that requires calibration and is sensitive to changing conditions. A high level of skill is also needed to select an appropriate site to ensure complete mixing of the tracer compound. However, with constantly evolving knowledge of technological constraints in difficult field conditions, the quality of site data continues to improve. Knight Piesold is nowdeveloping an automated, multi-discharge rhodamine dye type measurement device that will remotely record a series of flowvalues at predetermined water levels. This will allowseveral stage-discharge points to be obtained during a single large flow event, thereby dramatically increasing the effi-
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM MARCH 2009 27
SMALL HYDRO
Right: Helicopter access to a remote site in the East Toba River Valley Plutonic Powers East Toba and Montrose project
Below: Stream gauging on Raleigh Creek Plutonic Powers Bute Inlet project
FUSEGATE SYSTEM
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DAM SAFETY
A
LL those years ago when I was at school, I never would
have believed that eventually I would be involved with
the hydroelectric industry in fact I dont think that
hydroelectricity, or engineering as a discipline, was ever
mentioned in any signicant capacity in those hundreds of lessons
I had to endure. Career advisors certainly never highlighted the
benets of working in this varied eld, so it came as no surprise
to me when I read the results of a report from the UKs National
Grid, which suggests that engineering is not on the radar of young
people, and that parents and teachers have negative perceptions
of the industry.
The Engineering Our Future report was commissioned to look at
the attitudes towards engineering among young people, parents and
teachers in the UK. More than 1300 individual interviews with young
people aged 14-19, and additional in depth focus groups, were con-
ducted across the country. This revealed disturbingly low levels of
awareness and interest, and a picture of confusion about the role of
engineering, with the majority of young people and parents regarding
it as dirty and menial work.
Highlights of the ndings include:
U Confusion about the role of engineers, with six out of 10 young
people not able to name a recent engineering achievement.
U Young people, parents and teachers have blue collar images of
men in overalls who x things.
U Teachers and parents think engineering is a career for those who
are less academic.
U Prejudice and stereotypes stem from this basic preconception.
U Girls are ten times less likely to say they would pursue a career in
engineering.
U Low levels of appreciation for engineers contribution to society,
compared to other professions such as doctors and teachers.
This report makes extremely worrying reading, says Steve Holliday,
Chief Executive of National Grid. National Grid sits at the heart of
the challenges of climate change, security of supply and affordability
of energy in the UK. We need lots of very clever people who can make
things happen and think outside the box to create a different world
in the future.
We know from our own workforce planning that nearly 1000
new roles are needed by 2020. We need to inspire todays youth and
help them to see how exciting and interesting a career in engineering
can be.
With the UK, and indeed the rest of the world, on the cusp of an
energy revolution, it is essential that the industry has a pipeline of talent
coming through in the long term to help support the transition to a
low carbon economy, and to meet government targets for renewable
energy generation. As Lord Browne of Madingley, President of the
Royal Academy of Engineering in the UK, says: This report highlights
the importance of attracting more people to the profession at a time
when engineering creativity is most needed to meet the grand chal-
lenges facing society The Academys mission is to move engineering
closer to the centre of society. Engineering skills are increasingly vital
to modern life as they underpin our access to energy, water, food and
healthcare. Engineering will also be crucial in solving the growing prob-
lems of energy sustainability and climate change.
ATTRACTI NG ENGI NEERS
There is no doubt that attracting students to careers in engineer-
ing is a continuing challenge, and companies should look at the fac-
tors that motivate young people toward a particular career. A report
by the National Society of Professional Engineers Young Engineers
Advisory Council Motivation Factors of Young Engineers (2008)
highlighted a number of motivating factors, namely: career growth/
advancement opportunities; self improvement; salaries; desire to
prove worth; client satisfaction; interest level in job; and sense of
professional obligation.
A paper by the US Association of State Dam Safety Officials
presented at the Waterpower XVI conference, held in Spokane,
Washington, from 27-30 July, highlighted that many of these factors
are present in a dam engineering role.
An invisible industry?
Engineering has become an invisible industry which is
undervalued and undermined by outdated stereotypes,
according to new research from the UKs National Grid.
Carrieann Stocks takes an in-depth look at the report and
investigates some recent initiatives to attract young people
to a career in the hydro power and dams industry
DAM SAFETY
The paper Romancing the profession: promoting careers in dam
engineering and dam safety by Sarah McCubbin Cana and Bruce A
Tschantz says that attracting young people to the profession of design-
ing, building, maintaining and operating safe dams is essential to ensure
the safety of those living downstream and the continuation of economic
and life-line benets provided by many dams. While few new large dam
projects are underway in the US, a plethora of career opportunities exist
in dam removal, dam modication and rehabilitation, risk assessment,
dam failure analysis, emergency action planning and more.
Over the coming years, ASDSO says it will continue to expand its
efforts to encourage young people to consider this specialized and
exciting niche of engineering, in particular through its Committee on
Education Outreach, which was formed in 2004 with the purpose of
focusing more attention on the promotion of dam safety engineering as
a profession in undergraduate and graduate college-level programs.
Following its formation, the committee conducted a survey of
employment opportunities which was distributed to over 2000 ASDSO
member, 50 related associations, and a number of related journals and
newsletter. Separate survey questions were sent to university civil engi-
neering departments. The main results of this survey were:
U Approximately 27% of represented employees have graduate
degrees.
U The projected attrition rate for dam engineers is high and ample job
opportunities will exist in the future.
U The majority of respondents found it difcult to nd qualies can-
didates for dam related positions.
The final question on the survey asked how the ASDSO and its
Committee on Education Outreach could help meet current and
future needs for engineers. From the answers received, two major
themes emerged the need to promote awareness of careers in dam
safety and engineering, and the promotion of dam safety courses in
universities. Other suggestions included promoting internship oppor-
tunities and publicizing job opportunities.
The committee took note of these suggestions, and over the past
few years has created several new resources for students: a Speakers
Bureau that provides guest speakers for classes and student groups
throughout the US; an online clearinghouse for internships, co-op
programs and employment opportunities; a student paper compe-
tition connected with ASDSOs annual conference; and on-request
resources for project assistance with design classes. The committee
was also instrumental in enhancing ASDSOs existing scholarship
program, encouraging ASDSOs Board of Directors to double the
scholarship award to $10,000, provide a free one-year membership to
scholarship recipients and sponsor recipients attendance at ASDSOs
annual national conference.
It is also targeting younger students through the Kids Pages
on ASDSOs website, by participating in Engineering Week activi-
ties and providing guest speakers in elementary and secondary
classrooms on request.
EDUCATI ON PROGRAMMES
Back in the UK, in light of its report ndings, National Grid also
reviewed its education and skills programme. A number of solutions
are outlined in the report that run along a similar theme as those
identied by the ASDSO, including:
U School Power a new scheme whereby National Grid volunteers
will go into primary schools with a programme of activities to stim-
ulate interest in how energy, forces and materials work. The pro-
gramme will also be available for teachers and others to use online
U Work Experience - together with the Royal Academy of Engineering,
National Grid is developing a blue print for what meaningful work
experience should look like as well as developing a mentoring and
coaching programme aimed at teachers and careers advisors
U New pilot programme in North-West England to help disadvan-
taged young people.
Elsewhere in the UK, the British Dam Society (BDS) runs a student
zone on its website: www.britishdams.org. It is BDS policy to support
student education in relation to dams and reservoir engineering, and
it does this in a variety of ways including running competitions, giving
presentations at universities, assisting research projects and providing
useful information on its website. These are all initiatives targeted at
making engineering a more accepted career path.
FUTURE I SSUES
Attracting the younger generation of engineers is a task that everyone
involved in the industry needs to tackle. Companies must start to
invest in training to create the engineers that are needed in the future.
As the older generation of engineers start to retire, there are fewer
and fewer new entrants who can gain hands-on experience or training
from these experts, eventually replacing them in the eld.
The National Grid report asked a particularly important ques-
tion of its respondents what do you think would best stimulate
young peoples interest in a job or career in engineering? The top ve
answers were as follows: 1) Work experience in engineering roles;
2) Open days at engineering companies; 3) School/college visits
by engineers; 4) Year long scholarships in an engineering role; 5)
After-school clubs on engineering. These are all initiatives that the
hydro and dams industry could become involved with fairly easily
and it should be considered before the skills shortage in the indus-
try becomes even more of a problem than it already is. As National
Grid Chief Executive, Steve Holliday, says: The energy industry is
changing and its vital we have the right people to deliver the new
technologies required for the future. But to do this, we must inspire
and engage tomorrows engineers today.
For further information on the Engineering our Future
report from the National Grid, please visit: http://www.
nationalgrid.com/uk/Community/EOF/
IWP& DC
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ITH more than fty applications around the world
ranging from 0.9m to 9m in height, the Fusegate
System has gained significant international recog-
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control system. The system is typically used to increase spillway
discharge capacity and/or reservoir storage capacity. Upon success-
ful performance at Terminus dam in California, the US Army Corps
of Engineers (USACE) has been considering the system for more
projects. The Otter Brook and Canton dams are other examples of
the ways this system can be applied to bring dams with undersized
spillways to up-to-date safety standards.
THE FUSEGATE SYSTEM
The Fusegate System is a non-mechanical spillway control technol-
ogy to increase reservoir storage capacity and/or to increase spillway
discharge capacity.
Fusegates are free standing blocks placed side by side on a spill-
way sill to form a watertight barrier. The Fusegate System oper-
ates as a straight or labyrinth crested weir divided into segments
or individual Fusegates, each forming one component of the weir.
Each gate consists of three components; a bucket made of metal or
reinforced concrete, a base, and an intake well that is connected to a
chamber in the base. Each Fusegate sits on the modied spillway sill
and remains in place only by gravity. Toe abutments (lugs) anchored
into the sill prevent them from sliding in the downstream direction.
Accumulation of seepage water in the bottom chamber is prevented
by providing each chamber with two drains. The joint between adja-
cent Fusegates is sealed with a at rubber gasket.
Fusegates can increase both spillway capacity and reservoir stor-
age. For a retrot on an existing spillway, a portion of the ogee crest
is removed and provided with a at surface. If the goal of the retrot
is only to increase spillway capacity, the crest of the Fusegates is set
near the original ogee crest elevation. If the purpose is to increase
storage, then the crest of the Fusegates is set above the original ogee
crest elevation. For discharges up to the design ood, the Fusegate
functions like an aerated labyrinth weir. Typically, the design ow
is chosen to be the discharged with a return period of about 100
years or above. For discharges greater than the design ow, water
begins to ow through the well and into the chamber located in the
base of the gate.
When the overtopping ow reaches the selected design pool eleva-
tion, the designated Fusegate(s) will tip downstream, thus increasing
the discharge capacity of the spillway. The tipping is initiated by
water entering into the base chamber of the Fusegate via an intake
well set at tipping design elevation. Once water enters into the base
chamber, the uplift pressure rapidly increases, causing the Fusegate
to rotate about the toe abutments and tumble downstream. By mod-
ifying the ballast provided for each Fusegate and the elevation of the
Hasan T Kocahan, Russell Wyckoff and
Martin Wosnik describe the US experience
with the Fusegate spillway control system to
bring dams with undersized spillways up to
current safety standards
Bucket
Side seal
Inlet well Overspilling
crest
Downstream
abutment
block
Downstream
bucket block
Concrete sill
Upstream seal strip
Figure 1:
3-D viewof a Fusegate
Base
Upstream
Downstream
Drain holes
Pressure chamber
Figure 2: Bottom view of a Fusegate
Spillway inadequacy
remediation in the US
GATES
intake well, each Fusegate can be designed to tip at a different (pre-
determined) pool elevation so that an excessive ow increase does
not occur downstream. Small drain holes exist at the base of the
Fusegates to help drain any leakage through the seals so that uplift
pressures do not occur until water elevation reaches intake wells.
The crest of the well in each Fusegate is set at a different eleva-
tion so the gates do not tilt in unison. In this manner, the increase in
discharge over the spillway, as a function of reservoir elevation, can
be precisely controlled. Figures 1 and 2 show the three dimensional
views of a labyrinth crested Fusegate.
Constructing a new auxiliary spillway controlled by Fusegates is
also another way of conducting dam safety upgrades in the case of
severe spillway discharge inadequacies, where the service spillway
modication is not feasible. In this scenario, the services spillway
usually equipped with mechanical gates would discharge more
frequent oods and the emergency spillway will only operate during
extreme ood events.
OTTER BROOK APPLICATION
Project background
Otter Brook Dam, located near Keene, New Hampshire, was con-
structed in 1958 as a ood control structure on a tributary of the
Connecticut River. It is owned and operated by the USACE, New
England District. The dam consists of a 40.5m high and 392.6m
long rockll embankment impounding 22.6Mm
3
of water to con-
trol a basin area of 121.7km
2
. A pool of 6.1m depth is maintained
behind the dam for recreational purposes. The remainder of the
storage volume is available for oodwater containment.
The embankment constitutes a ow restriction, with resultant
outlet capacity of up to 37m
3
/sec with the pool at the spillway crest.
The water is dammed from a channel invert elevation of el. 208.2m,
up to the spillway crest elevation of el. 238m and up to a top of dam
elevation of el. 244.5m.
There was a 44.2m wide concrete ogee spillway with a gently
sloped (1% grade) 91.4m long unlined approach channel and a
more steeply sloping unlined spillway exit channel (8.2% grade,
reducing after 182.9m to 4.7% grade). The discharge capacity of
this spillway was 963m
3
/sec.
Flood routing simulations based on the updated storm data have
revealed that the dam would be overtopped by 0.30 m during a
PMF event as the new spillway discharge capacity requirement was
to pass 1642m
3
/sec.
The shortlist of options considered
Initially, options to raise the dam, widen the spillway, lower the
spillway, store oodwaters, remove the dam, and construct an extra
spillway were reviewed. Six basic options were then selected for
more detailed study:
U 1. Lower the spillway sill by 2.7m and recover the storage with the
installation of 2.7m high Fusegates.
U 2. Raise the dam 0.4m and widen the spillway 15.2m.
U 3. Raise the dam 1m and widen the spillway 7m.
U 4. Add a 20.4m long new auxiliary spillway controlled either by
a fuse plug or a mechanical gate.
U 5. Remove the existing spillway weir and excavate the spillway
channel down 0.9m to obtain a new crest weir capable of pass-
ing the PMF.
U 6. Widen the spillway the full 23.8m required to maintain an
acceptable freeboard without raising the dam. Options 5 and 6
increased downstream ows for signicant storms smaller than
the PMF, and so some investigation of design and historical
storms needed to be performed.
Proposed Fusegate design
The option to lower the spillway sill and install Fusegates to restore
the normal pool elevation was selected as the most viable, since it
limited the construction to the existing spillway weir structure and
approach channel, requiring wetland mitigation in the upstream
wetland only. Under this scenario, the existing concrete spillway
was removed and its foundation was excavated down to el. 235.3m.
A new broad crested concrete weir was then constructed with the
same top elevation as the existing spillway, which formed the base
for Fusegates. This ensures that the existing capacity of the res-
ervoir and ood attenuation behaviour is not compromised. The
Fusegates will topple over as the upstream water level in the lake is
increased due to the extreme storm, thus increasing the capacity of
the spillway channel. Figure 4 shows the three dimensional view of
a straight crested Fusegate, which offered the most suitable type of
Fusegate for the Otter Brook application.
The choice to excavate the spillway approach channel in order
to enhance the spillway hydraulic performance, rather than raise
the dam, saved the construction costs for a wall on the upstream
side of the dam and avoided the need to raise the threshold of the
control structure. Excavation on the environmentally sensitive east
bank of the downstream channel is avoided through the use of an
80.8m long dike, which is needed to contain the oodwaters within
the spillway discharge channel.
The Otter Brook application includes the installation of six 2.7m
high 7.3m wide straight crested Fusegates on a newly constructed
44.2m long and 3.4m wide concrete spillway platform. The top
of the platform was set at el. 235.3m on the 36.5m long portion
of its right bank and at el. 236.5m on the remaining 7.3m long
section on the left bank. The higher section of the platform was
designed to accommodate the last Fusegate to tip for the full PMF,
thereby protecting the wetland located downstream from frequent
overspilling.
The approach channel was excavated in such a way that it sloped
down to el. 235m at the spillway sill location with a 1% gradient.
No major excavations were required downstream of the new sill.
Abutment walls 0.18m wide were to be constructed on the left and
right banks of the spillway to support the watertight seals that were
installed between the Fusegates and the spillway abutments. A 0.4m
Log boom
Intake tower
Dam
D
a
v
is

R
o
a
d
B
r
a
n
c
h
R
o
a
d
Weir
Outworks
Otter Bro
o
k
Vertical
seal
Inlet well
Horizontal
slab
Concrete sill
Overspill crest
Toe abutment
Horizontal seal
Figure 3: Otter
Brook dam plan view
Figure 4: 3-D view of a straight crested Fusegate
GATES
thick pier was also constructed between the lower and elevated sec-
tions of the platform to install the watertightness seals on two adja-
cent Fusegates.
The Fusegates at Otter Brook are designed to tip for extremely
low probability events. The rst Fusegate will tip for a ood cor-
responding to 55% of the full PMF. Considering that the rst and
only time water has own through the spillway was in 1987 with
the water level 0.5m above the spillway sill, the magnitude of such
a ow, which creates a 4.7m high water elevation above the sill, can
be better understood.
Construction stage
The construction works at Otter Brook Dam began in May 2005.
The works consisted of removing the existing ogee weir and spill-
way sill from the spillway channel; excavating the spillway channel
oor upstream and downstream of the existing weir; placing a new
concrete sill, a concrete pier and concrete abutment walls on both
sides of the spillway channel; and installing six Fusegates on the new
spillway sill. Associated with this work was also reconstruction of
a wetland upstream of the Fusegates and construction of a dike on
the left side of the spillway channel.
The Fusegates can be manufactured or constructed either in steel
or concrete. Otter Brook Fusegates were made of pre-cast concrete
by Old Castle Precast of Auburn, Maine, with stainless steel inlet
wells. This selected material came out the most economical for Otter
Brook with added advantages in terms of long life expectancy and
extremely low maintenance costs. The Fusegates weighed 40 tons
each at the time of delivery from the plant before their concrete bal-
lasts and inlet wells were attached.
The general contractor for the construction works was George
R. Cairns and Sons, Inc. from Windham, New Hampshire. The
construction works were delayed for about three months due to
45.7cm of rainfall in nine consecutive days during the month of
October 2005. The rain caused the swelling of every local brook,
stream and river, some beyond ood storage, and many roads were
washed away and houses ooded.
After cleaning up works following the October ood, the con-
creting of the new spillway sill began. In the meantime, the pre-cast
Fusegates had been completed and were ready to be shipped to the
dam site.
Before the installation of Fusegates, all concreting works related
to the new spillway sill, toe abutments and the pier separating the
elevated and lower section of the sill were completed except for the
side abutment walls.
Once the Fusegates were delivered to the dam site, they were
directly placed in their nal position. Figure 6 shows the placement
of Fusegates and the inlet wells.
Left top: Figure 5 Downstream view of Fusegates and lugs at Otter Brook
Left bottom: Figure 6 Upstream view during installation
Below: Figure 7 Downstream view of Fusegates
GATES
Figure 7 shows an upstream view of Fusegates after the instal-
lation works were completed. The nal stage was the excavation
works and dyke construction at the left abutment.
CANTON DAM APPLICATION
Project background
Canton Dam is located on the North Canadian River approximately
125km northwest of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It is composed of
an earth lled embankment, 4614.7m in length with a maximum
height of 20.7m above the streambed. The top of the dam is at el.
502.3m.
The dam includes a 237.1m wide service spillway at the right abut-
ment with 16 Tainter gates. Each gate is 12.2m wide and 7.6m high.
The spillway crest elevation is at el. 491.6m.
Hydraulic studies have highlighted that the existing spillway is
unable to discharge the new Probable Maximum Flood and that
the dam is likely to fail during major ood events. The discharge
capacity of the existing service spillway is 9600m
3
/sec and the new
PMF studies revealed a total spillway discharge capacity require-
ment of 17358m
3
/sec.
Alternatives investigated
Eight options have been studied to remedy the hydrologic de-
ciency:

U Raise the dam by 2.10 m (maintain the freeboard).
U Raise the dam by 0.4 (eliminate freeboard).
U Add an uncontrolled spillway.
U Additional fuse plug auxiliary spillway.
U Additional Fusegated auxiliary spillway.
U Additional gated auxiliary spillway.
U Reduction of ood control storage.
It was found that constructing an auxiliary spillway would offer the
most feasible option.
Option selected
The proposed plan involves the construction of an auxiliary spill-
way on the right abutment containing nine Fusegates at a sill eleva-
tion of el. 490.7m. The excavated material from constructing the
auxiliary spillway would be spoiled below the left embankment to
address the seepage and seismic issues. The rotation of the Fusegates
would lower the spillway crest elevation, increasing the spillway
capacity by 7762m
3
/sec to sufciently discharge the PMF without
overtopping the dam.
This alternative was selected as it offered a non-mechanical
spillway control system with more economical feasibility on the
construction and O&M costs. The projected path of the auxiliary
spillway is shown in Figure 11.
Proposed Fusegate design
For Canton Dam, a total of nine Fusegates are required, each 9.75m
high and 16.3m wide. The nine Fusegates will t into the 146.3m
wide auxiliary spillway channel.
The Fusegates will be accommodated on a broad-crested weir
having an upstream to downstream width of 7.2m at the control
section of the emergency spillway, which is at el. 489.5m. With
9.75m high Fusegates, the normal pool elevation (Fusegates crest)
will be set at el. 499.2m. The approach channel will be maintained
at el.488.7m and there will be a 0.5% slope in the return channel
downstream of the Fusegates.
Figure 12 shows the cross section of the broad crested weir that
will accommodate the Fusegates. The Fusegates will be retrotted
on the at section of the sill denoted as L.
The Fusegates are semi-labyrinth crested and will be constructed
in reinforced concrete. The inlet wells will be made of stainless
steel. The watertightness will be maintained by installing EPDM
seals between the Fusegates as well as between the Fusegates and
the spillway sill. The photo of an example of the semi-labyrinth
Fusegates is shown in Figure 13.
Intake wells are normally constructed as part of the Fusegate.
Due to the shallow approach channel and wave action, the intake
wells at Canton are gathered within a protective enclosure (called
wet well tower) equipped with a bottom port and conduit to allow
ow to enter.
Pipes embedded in the concrete sill connect individually the intake
wells to the base chamber of the Fusegates. Such conguration
removes the risk of premature tipping because of surface waves. A
similar arrangement was used in the scope of Terminus Dam project
in California.
Figure 8: Satellite view of the Canton dam service spillway
Figure 9: Upstream view of service spillway
Figure 10: Downstream view of service spillway
GATES
Hydraulic features
There will be ve tipping sequences for the Fusegates, where the
tipping elevations range for a water level between el. 500m and
el.500.4m (Maximum Water Level).
Figure 14 shows the flood routing hydrograph of the PMF
through the Fusegated emergency spillway. It should be noted that
the maximum ow to be simulated is 17840m
3
/sec.
The Fusegates are designed to tip consecutively for extremely
large ood events. At Canton dam, there will be no spilling over the
Fusegates crest before a ood that is in excess of 50% of the PMF.
Moreover, the rst Fusegate will tip for a ood corresponding to
over 58% of the PMF. This probability corresponds to an inow
of 10871m
3
/sec.
Combined numerical and physical model study of the auxiliary
spillway
USACE has decided to perform a model study of the proposed
auxiliary spillway in order to optimize the structures and to ensure
that the selected conguration will pass the PMF. The model
study was performed by Alden Research Laboratory in Holden,
Massachusetts. The physical model was constructed as a xed-
bed, undistorted model with a geometric scale ratio of 1:54, which
was deemed sufcient to reduce scale effects. The PMF ow rate of
17840m
3
/sec prototype scales to approximately 0.9m
3
/sec.
The approach geometry for both spillways was rst optimized
by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in order to nd
an approach channel conguration that can meet the PMF dis-
charge requirements. Advantages of this combined CFD/physical
model approach are that additional model runs can be made at
comparatively lower costs than in the physical model, and many
iterations can be conducted until a satisfactory conguration has
been achieved. The selected nal approach channel design would
then be constructed and validated in the physical model.
The model boundaries were selected to represent the reser-
voir over a distance of 457m upstream of the auxiliary spillway
entrance, or approximately 762m upstream of the service spillway,
and 305m along the dam to the left of the service spillway. This
upstream distance is required to accurately model approach ow
patterns to the two spillways, in particular ow around and over
the peninsula-shape outcropping (max el. 499.6m) immediately to
the left of the service spillway. The downstream model boundaries
were selected to represent the ood plain over a distance of 457m
downstream of the auxiliary spillway exit or approximately 914m
downstream of the service spillway. As a result, the physical model
dimensions were 33.5m x 21.3m. The model Fusegates were cast
from a resin, densied with tin powder to obtain a conservative
target density of 2.55g/cc for reinforced concrete in order to accu-
rately simulate their geometry, mass and mass distribution and
their resistance to motion.
Figure 16 shows the construction of the physical model with
the existing spillway in the forefront of the photo. Figures 17 and
18 show the production of the Fusegates that will be used for
testing.
L Sill crest level
Approach channel
level
Return channel
level Slope
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
1642
1641.5
1641
1640.5
1640
1639.5
1639
1638.5
1638
1637.5
Discharge
(cfs)
Reservoir
level (ft)
Inflow
Outflow
Reservoir level
Nb of Fusegates:9
Height: 30.00ft
Width: 53.33ft
0 20 40 60
Time (hours)
80 100 120 140
Max inflow: 632669cfs
Max outflow: 624064cfs
Max water level: 1641.71ft
Below from top to bottom: Figure 11 Proposed location of the auxiliary
spillway; Figure 12 The proposed cross section of the weir at the auxiliary
spillway. Right from top to bottom: Figure 13 Photo of the 7.6m high semi-
labyrinth Fusegate at Jindabyne dam in Australia; Figure 14 PMF routing
hydrograph of the Fusegated spillway; Figure 15 Layout of 1:54 scale physi-
cal model at Alden Research Laboratory. Model footprint is 33.5m x 21.3m.
GATES
The physical model was developed to ensure that (i) the PMF is
safely discharged at maximum pool over both spillways and (ii) the
Fusegates after tipping are properly evacuated from the return chan-
nel. It has also been instrumental to derive the basic data used to
assess the stability of the Fusegates and the water feeding conditions
of the wet well and of the inlet wells.
Time schedule
A civil contractor was selected by USACE in September 2008 to
carry out the excavation of the auxiliary spillway, and detailed
design of the project began in July 2009, with completion sched-
uled for February 2010. The concreting works, which includes a
new highway bridge, the broad crested weir, the apron and the
side walls will start upon completion of the excavation works in
early 2011. The overall completion of the project is planned for
early 2012.
CONCLUSION
For dam safety rehabilitation projects, the Fusegate System offers a
wide variety of reliable and cost effective solutions. Thanks to the
versatility of the system, it can be installed on service or emergency
spillways, and it can also be combined with most other spillway
systems either on the same or separate spillways.
Constructing an auxiliary spillway often offers an attractive solu-
tion to severe spillway discharge inadequacy problems as long as a
suitable location is available. The effectiveness of such alternatives
is in many cases enhanced by the use of a fusible spillway control
system designed to fail automatically in case of exceptional oods
in order to release some of the ood water.
The Fusegates will minimize the size of a spillway as compared to
other non-mechanical spillway control systems such as ogee weirs
or xed labyrinth weirs. They will offer the same benet of reliabil-
ity and low cost of operation and maintenance as they are designed
to activate only for extremely low probability ood events usually
over half the PMF.
The authors are: Hasan T. Kocahan, Senior Project
Engineer, Hydroplus Inc, US

Russell Wycoff, Hydraulic Engineer, US Army Corps of
Engineers, Tulsa District, US

Martin Wosnik, Senior Flow Engineer, Alden Research
Laboratory Inc, US

This article is based on a presentation given at the 23rd
International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD)
Congress, held in Brazil in May 2009. For information on
future ICOLD events, please visit www.icold-cigb.net
References
(1) Falvey, Henry T, Treille P. Hydraulics and design of Fusegates. Journal of
Hydraulic Engineering Vol.121, No 7, July 1005 @ ASCE. USA
(2) Hakin, W.D., Cazaillet O. Safety measures adopted to increase spillway
potential at Jindabyne Dam in the Snowy Mountains. ICOLD Conference,
Barcelona, Spain, June 2006
(3) USACE, Tulsa District. Environmental assessment. Canton Lake dam
safety assurance evaluation supplement. Canton, OK, December 2006.
IWP& DC
Left from top to bottom: Figure 16 construction of the physical model with
the existing spillway in the forefront; Figure 17 Rapid-prototyped model
Fusegate; Figure 18 Custom mould to cast Fusegates; Figure 19 Canton
Dam CFD model conguration
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d
CONSTRUCTION
A
t 5464km long, the Yellow River is the second longest river
in China and provides water to over 12% of the countrys
1.3B people. Its reach falls short, however, in chronically
dry Shanxi Province a region that only receives about
400mm of rainfall annually, and has in recent years experienced
severe droughts coupled with rapid economic growth.
Bringing water to the area has necessitated one of the countrys larg-
est infrastructure projects, spanning over 10 years and 300km of tunnel.
The Shanxi Wanjiazhai Yellow River Water Diversion Project, initiated
in 2001, will transport water from the Wanjiazhai dam to far-reaching
industrial areas in Taiyuan, Pingsuo and Datong.
The diversion project consists of three extensive waterways: the
general main, south main, and north main lines. While excavation
of the general and south lines is complete, construction of the north
main line is still underway.
The latest instalment of the extensive north main line, known as
the Pinglu tunnel, will be one of the worlds longest tunnels excavated
with a single TBM. In July 2009 the 4.8m diameter Robbins double
shield TBM, which is boring the 25.4km long waterway, set ring
number 15,000 making the tunnel nearly three quarters complete.
PROJECT BACKGROUND
Work on the massive scheme started when Chinas project authority
nanced construction of the Wanjiazhai concrete dam on the Yellow River
to create the diversion reservoir. The rst section of tunnel the 22km long,
6m diameter feeder tunnel was completed in the mid-1990s.
Excavation of the south main line began in 1998, under the Shanxi
Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project Corporation (YRDPC).
The completed south main travels 100km southward from the diver-
sion sluice in the general main at Xiatuzhai. The design allows for a
supply of water at a rate of 20.5m
3
/sec.
Contracts were divided into ve lots, with II, III, and V covering
tunnel works. Lots I and IV addressed pumping stations and sections
of buried pipeline. Lots II and III were awarded to the Wan Long JV,
a partnership of Impregilo (48%) and CMC (42%) with the Bureau
4 of the China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Ministry (10%).
Nearly 90km of tunnels were excavated using ve TBMs, including
six Robbins double shield machines.
Five TBMs, ranging from 4.8-4.9m in diameter, utilised variable-
speed electric drives and 432mm disc cutters at lots II and III. Each
machine was launched from its respective portal or adit between
December 1998 and February 1999.
Geology along the tunnel alignment was complex and highly vari-
able. Shanxi Province lies on Chinas famed loess steppes, consisting
of a soft compacted material, with underlying homogeneous strata of
sandstone, mudstone and limestone. Rock strengths ranged between
120 to 220MPa with little ground water.
A possibility of karst voids in the limestone was also identied, as
well as clay deposits and zones of shale with coal seams. The dangers
of methane gas are also very real in all of the Yellow River tunnels, as
they are situated close to some of the largest coal deposits and high
volume coal mining operations in the world.
Despite variable geology that periodically hindered machine
advance, rates topped 1821m per month and 121m in one day
world records prior to the excavation of lot V, which utilised the sixth
Robbins double shield machine at high advance rates.
Excavation of lots II and III was completed by 2001. Lots II and III
of the south main line were bored under a strict contractual schedule
of just 48 months, requiring a new type of segment design to aid in
simultaneous lining and excavation.
In the arid project region, where the Gobi Desert is making a swift
advance into the country, and where karstic geology drains much
of the water available, seepage from the long supply conduit must
be minimised. Water ow through the tunnels is gravity-fed but not
pressurised, necessitating a minimum of water loss. Lining for all of
the TBM-driven tunnels consists of specialised hexagonal segments
for speedy and water-tight tunnelling under the unique environmental
circumstances.
Bringing water from Wanjiazhai
US-based company Robbins is helping to hydrate Chinas arid Shanxi province in an ambitious
water diversion project. Desiree Williams gives an update on construction at the Pinglu tunnel,
which is set to be one of the worlds longest tunnels excavated with a single TBM
Below left: The 4.8m diameter Robbins double shield is excavating mixed
ground including soil, hard rock, and sandstone; Right: A Robbins double
shield is about 80% complete with Chinas Pinglu tunnel, following an inter-
mediate breakthrough at the halfway point in 2008
CONSTRUCTION
Hexagonal segments have been used on several earlier projects;
however the Yellow River design differs in that it incorporates spe-
cialised sealing gaskets to keep the tunnels sealed off. The segments
are still in use on the Pinglu tunnel, where they are produced in the
city of Shuozhou about 15km from the Pinglu jobsite. At the casting
plant, segments are produced 24 hours a day using steel forms. A
production cycle consists of concrete casting and steam curing for
three hours at 70C. The segments are then left in an indoor curing
area for two days.
The so-called honeycomb lining system requires a high degree of
precision and strict tolerances. A 1mm offset is specied for the width
and length of each lining section, while a 0.2mm offset is required on
the contour of the perimeter joints. Dimensions are monitored and
production is managed using a programmable logic controller (PLC).
During tunnelling, segments are placed in rings of four elements, in
a honeycomb conguration staggered longitudinally. The non-bolted
lining requires dowels to assist in accurate placement, as well as pack-
ers to negotiate curves and manage alignment corrections. The annu-
lus is then backlled with pea gravel and subsequently consolidated
with a thin backll grout.
Each segment is erected within the tail shield, with the invert seg-
ment placed directly on the excavated surface through a slot in the
tail shield. Pea gravel is then injected into the second ring behind
the segment erector in the tail shield. Short dowels are used on the
longitudinal joints, while rod dowels in the zigzag joints behave as
positioning keys. Non-pressurised back-ll grout, used to bolster the
integrity and stability of the lining, is injected into the invert at the
grouting station on the rst back-up trailer, about ve rings away
from the ring erector. Mortar is injected into the joints between rings,
and full grouting of the crown and sides is accomplished from 10m
behind the end of the back-up system.
EXCAVATION OF THE PINGLU TUNNEL
The Robbins machine boring the Pinglu tunnel has been operating
in China since 2000, when it was used to bore the 12km long lot V
tunnel on the south main line. During the course of excavation, the
machine set two world records in its size class of 4-5m: best month
(1855m) and monthly average (1352m). Both records still stand.
The Pinglu tunnel connects the north main line to the general
main tunnel. Work includes about 20km of drill and blast tunnels,
excavated in 2005, as well as the 25.4km long TBM-driven tunnel
that will transfer water to the Pinglu, Shuozhou, and Datong
areas. Additional work underway includes about 120km of 4m
diameter buried pipe. Once completed the north main line will
transfer about 22.2m
3
/sec of water through 147km of tunnel and
buried pipelines.
The double shield machine was refurbished after excavation of lot
V, and is dressed with back-loading 432mm disc cutters. A custom-
built, extended back-up system provides sufcient muck removal
and materials delivery capacity for two TBM strokes, allowing for
increased machine performance.
CHALLENGING CONDITIONS
The Sino-Austria Hydraulic Engineering Co (SAHEC) is responsible
for the Pinglu tunnel, of which about 5km was left to excavate by late
September 2009. The machine has been boring since 30 September
2006 in mixed strata up to 50MPa UCS.
Weve had high output in some very challenging ground condi-
tions, from soil to often sticky, medium hard rock, to highly abrasive
sandstone and traces of coal, said Paul Bargmann, machinery depart-
ment head for Alpine Bau GmbH, lead partner in the SAHEC JV.
Muck removal is by trains of rota-dump muck cars in two tracks
using California switches. The back-up system is equipped with oor
chain movers to shunt the muck cars as they ll. Ventilation in the
long tunnel is generated at a minimum rate of 5.4m
3
/sec by high-
powered fans. The fans, situated at the portal, deliver fresh air to the
tunnel face via 1.4m diameter exible ducting.
The machine broke through into the Daliang shaft chamber at the
13km halfway point on 1 October 2008, and was refurbished before
starting up again in December. Since refurbishment the geology has
been fairly stable, though we have had some sections with ingress of
water up to 30 l/sec that slowed progress, said Peter Enge, project man-
ager for Alpine Bau GmbH. As of September, the machine has averaged
about 26 rings per working day and has erected about 16,700 rings. The
nal breakthrough is scheduled for the end of April 2010.
Desiree Willis is a technical writer for The Robbins
Company, 5866 S. 194th St, Kent, WA 98032, US.
www.therobbinscompany.com
Left: In July 2009, the TBM completed its 15,000th ring on the 25.4km long
Pinglu tunnel; Above: Chinas Yellow River Diversion Project spans over 300km,
delivering water from the Yellow River to Pinglu, Shuozhou, and Datong
IWP& DC
IWP&DC brings you details on some of the latest project developments
in the dam construction industry
CONSTRUCTION BRIEFS
CONSTRUCTION
Rockll and
rollers
Winds of change for dam design
Making modications
THE ALKUMRU DAM and hydroelectric
power plant is located on the Botan Creek within
the boundaries of the city of Siirt in Turkeys
Southeastern Anatolia Region. The US$500M
project, which currently employs a total work-
force of some 1250 people, is being undertaken
by Limak HES Yatirimlari AS.
The dam is one of seven adjacent dams to be con-
structed on Botan Brook, a tributary of the River
Dicle, and is expected to be completed at the end
of 2010. As part of the project, a total of 18Mm
3

of clay and rockll is being compacted to form a
nished structure with a height of 134m from foun-
dation level and a crest length of 909m.
Since the project commenced in 2007,
Sweden-based Dynapac, part of the Atlas Copco
Group, has supplied soil compaction equipment
for the application but also provided the neces-
sary follow-up expertise to ensure its correct and
efcient use.
The rollers chosen for this project consist of
three CA512D smooth drum machines and one
CA512PD padfoot version, all with a drum width
of 2130mm. The smooth drum units are being used
for compacting layers of rockll whilst the padfoot
machine is working on the cohesive clay areas.
The machines are making three or four passes of
up to 200m in length achieving the required 99%
degree of compaction. The CA512 is powered by
a Cummins turbo-charged engine developing 129
kW (173 hp) at 2200 rpm and has maximum oper-
ating weights of 17 and 17.2 tons in smooth and
padfoot drum versions respectively.
Once completed, the Alkumru Dam and the
power plant is planned to produce 828M kWh
of electric power per annum with its 265MW
installed capacity fulfilling part of the Turkish
Governments long-term plan to reduce the coun-
trys dependence on foreign power.
THE LATEST DESIGN from UK architect Laurie
Chetwood has been inspired by the hydro industry
and will replicate the work of a dam.
A wind dam is being erected at Lake Ladoga
in the Pitkyaranta District of Russia. Chetwood,
one of 20 architects at Chetwood Associates, is
working with WSP Finland on the project. It will
be capable of harnessing relatively minimal wind
volumes at low speeds to generate power via a
turbine. Upon completion predicted output will
be in the region of 100-120MW/yr.
The wind dam is tethered between two land
masses strategically located to harness the prevail-
ing wind. Of a spinnaker shape, the dam is similar
to the mainsail of a yacht. The funnelling effect of
a gorge or narrow valley concentrates the mass of
air which is captured by the sail and is diverted
through a turbine, generating electricity.
FEM simulation, wind tunnel testing and vibra-
tion analysis are being carried out for a number of
locations in Russia. For more details contact laurie.
chetwood@chetwoods-london.com
THE US BUREAU of Reclamation has awarded
Alpine Diversied an approximately US$2B con-
struction contract for dam safety modications at
Dikes 4 and 6 at Folsom Reservoir in California.
As part of the USBRs Safety of Dams (SOD)
programme, modifications will be made to the
two earthen embankments, which are located on
the north shore of Folsom Reservoir. The SOD
programme is an ongoing multi-year construction
programme to perform required safety modica-
tions at Folsom Dam and Reservoir in conjunction
with the ongoing Joint Federal Project (JFP)
The principal work to be performed under this
contract includes the partial removal of the down-
stream face of both dikes in order to add features
such as lters and drains to control internal ero-
sion. The lters and drains will be constructed
of high-quality imported materials that will be
obtained commercially and brought onsite via
trucks; other local materials to be utilized in this
project were stockpiled on site during previous
work on Dike 5. After the work is completed, the
contractor will place gravel surfacing on the crest
of Dike 4 and asphaltic concrete pavement on the
crest of Dike 6. The contractor will also construct
a permanent, gravel-surfaced maintenance access
road at the toe of the embankments.
Initiation of construction activities will begin in
September and include site preparation, develop-
ment of signage directing the public to established
trail detours, development of the contractor use
areas, and installation of contractor access.
Construction work on both dikes is expected to
be completed by late-summer 2010.
This project will complete the majority of SOD
construction work on the north shore of Folsom
Reservoir, although minor follow-up activities
such as site restoration will still occur.
K10000 Stord, Norway
Nordkranvej 2 DK-3540 Lynge Denmark
Phone: + 45 48 18 74 00 Fax: +45 48 18 88 07
Email: krollcranes@krollcranes.dk
Tower Cranes 70 - 10000 meter tons
K10000
WORLDS LARGEST TOWER CRANE
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www.geokon.com
Vibrating Wire Piezometers
for Dam Monitoring
High accuracy
ISO 9001:2000 quality
Excellent long-term stability
Frequency output allows long cable length
Rugged, reliable designs suited for adverse conditions

RUN-OF-RIVER DEVELOPMENTS
O
N 9 September 2009, the community of Atlin, British
Columbia, Canada, gathered to celebrate the ofcial
grand opening of the Atlin hydroelectric project. The
community as a whole, and the Taku River Tlingit First
Nation (TRTFN) in particular, had much to celebrate. The 2.1MW
Atlin project had been commissioned and operating smoothly for
more than ve months.
Until recently, the community of Atlins electricity was provided
using diesel generators. These necessitated the delivery of more than
1M litres of diesel fuel per year to the 400 residents of Atlin, which is
located in the far northwest of British Columbia. The pollution associ-
ated with this was becoming a cause for concern and, consequently,
hydro power became a focal point in the community.
PROJECT CONCEPT
The directors of the Taku Land Corporation (TLC), a company wholly
owned by the TRTFN, envisioned a project that would embody the
fundamental principles presented in the TRTFN Constitution. The
project would prevent the air pollution created by the diesel gen-
erators, thereby protecting the TRTFN traditional territory. Project
revenues would remain in the community, strengthening the local
economy and creating employment and contracting opportunities for
TRTFN members and local residents.
In 2003, the Atlin Tlingit Development Corporation (ATDC) began
work with BC Hydro, the provincial power utility, to develop a com-
munity energy plan, which led to TLC submitting an expression of
interest to BC Hydro in July 2005. This EOI in turn, led to the signing
of a 25-year power purchase agreement in November 2006.
TLC engaged Sigma Engineering of Vancouver to provide techni-
cal expertise for the development of the project. Sigma already had
experience of working in the Atlin area. In a 1990 BC Hydro request
for proposals, Sigma and its sister company Synex Energy Resources
prepared a successful proposal to develop a 7.1MW project on Pine
Creek. This project would have supplied electricity to Atlin with the
surplus energy being sold to the Yukon Territory (north of British
Columbia); however, it was deferred when the energy needs of the
Yukon Territory declined.
The Atlin project conceptualised by TLC and Sigma was a low
impact 2.1MW modied run-of-river plant (see gure 1). The scheme
The Atlin hydro project
embodying First Nation principles
Powerhouse excavation
Wholly owned and operated by a First Nation, the
2.1MW Atlin hydro plant is a perfect example of
how water power can be environmentally benecial
and socially responsible, writes Lara Taylor
Figure 1: Plan of the Atlin project
includes a low control structure at the outlet of Surprise Lake, hence
the modied run-of-river operation. This control structure creates
additional storage on the lake and allows project operators to control
the ow being released into Pine Creek. Since the project displaces
diesel generation on a non-integrated grid, the projects capacity
factor is extremely important, and the use of Surprise Lake storage
is a key factor.
The project also includes an intake and weir that divert water into
the penstock and to the powerhouse. The powerhouse includes an
outdoor switchyard and a 25kV powerline that connects the project
to the local Atlin grid.
WATER POWER POTENTIAL
The mean annual ow at the project intake was estimated at 4.2m
3
/
sec. This estimate was calculated from a 36-year long streamow
record that Sigma synthesised based on two gauges: one on Pine
Creek and the other on the nearby Gladys River.
Pine Creek is a snowmelt driven system with very low precipitation;
an average of 347mm of precipitation falls annually (1971-2000).
High ows occur in June as the result of snowmelt. Since the period
of low ows coincides with the period of high electricity demand,
storage was required on Surprise Lake to displace diesel generation
year-round. Surprise Lake levels were modelled based on Pine Creek
outow over the period of record to determine the amount of storage
required. The model showed that 1.1m of storage would be required
on Surprise Lake to meet the community of Atlins projected electric-
ity needs 20 years in the future. Atlins current electricity demand
is approximately 4.67GWh annually; this demand is projected to
increase to 6.98GWh in 2034.
PROJECT PERMITTING
Environmental studies for the project began in 2004. These addressed
the full range of possible impacts: sh and sh habitat, wildlife and
archaeology. The project team also assessed potential effects on
TRTFN traditional use of the land, cultural resources, recreation
and public safety.
Prior to construction commencing, TLC project manager, Stuart
Simpson, worked with provincial and federal agencies to ensure that
all required permits and authorisations were in place. Before a water
licence and crown land tenure were issued, TLC submitted a devel-
opment plan to the appropriate ministries describing the project, its
potential effects, and the mitigation measures that would be under-
taken to minimise these.
The project triggered an environmental assessment under the
Canadian Environmental Assessment Act based on three factors: there
are arctic grayling in the control structure area, Pine Creek is a navigable
water body, and federal funding was received. A provincial environmen-
tal assessment was not triggered since the project is smaller than the BC
Environmental Assessment Ofces 50MW threshold.
A number of characteristics contributed to making it particularly
environmentally benecial and socially responsible. These are:
U The project replaces diesel generation and is expected to prevent the
emission of over 100,000 tonnes of greenhouse gasses (CO
2
and
NO
2
) over the next 25 years.
U It is locally owned by the TRTFN; all revenue will be reinvested
into the local economy creating local employment and contract-
ing opportunities.
U The Atlin region has a long history of placer mining. The settle-
ment of Discovery, home to approximately 10,000 people during
the 1898 gold rush, was located on Pine Creek. The project is
located in areas that were previously impacted by placer mining.
There was even a small hydro project in operation during the
gold rush days.
U Fish access to the upper portion of Pine Creek is restricted by a
set of falls. Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and slimy sculpin
(Cottus cognatus) are present in the control structure area, but no
sh were caught in the intake area.
In situations where foreseeing the magnitude of environmental
impact was difcult, an adaptive management plan was implemented
to ensure that these effects are mitigated. For example, uctuating
Surprise Lake levels could have a negative impact on nesting shore-
birds and waterfowl. In response to this concern, a set of interim
lake level guidelines was drafted. Nesting habitats will be monitored
during critical nesting periods for shorebirds, and the lake level guide-
lines will be adjusted as appropriate.
PROJECT FUNDING
The project was funded through a combination of grants, equity
nancing and debt nancing. The cost was higher than would usu-
ally be expected for a project of its size due to its remote location and
the moderate penstock gradient (average slope 2.7%). However, it is
nancially viable because it replaces diesel generation and, therefore,
receives a higher electricity purchase price than projects connected to
the main British Columbia grid.
The project, particularly during the development stage, received
grants from a number of government sources aimed at reducing cli-
mate change:
U Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.
U Aboriginal and Northern Communities Action Programme.
U British Columbia Ministry of Energy Mines & Petroleum Resources.
Equity nancing was provided by other TRTFN corporations and
EcoTrust Capital Canada. The majority of the projects construc-
tion was funded through debt nancing provided by the Canada Life
Insurance Company of Canada.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Sigma was the prime engineering consultant for the design and con-
struction. The sub-consultants were Schneider Canada of Victoria, BC
(electrical engineering), Sargent and Associates of Victoria, BC (struc-
tural engineering), and EBA of Whitehorse, Yukon Territory (geotech-
nical engineering). BC Hydro conducted the interconnection work.
Construction was completed in two stages. The control struc-
ture was designed rst and built in the spring of 2007 by Johnston
Construction of Galloway, BC. The remainder was built between
May 2008 and March 2009 by Arctic Construction of Fort St. John,
BC (general contractor). This construction sequence allowed the
additional storage at the control structure to ll during the spring
freshet before being required for project operation.
Atlin is located in a very cold and relatively remote area of British
Columbia. Both of these factors provided additional challenges for
the team. When possible, TLC engaged local people and businesses
Beginning of powerhouse building erection
to provide materials and services. Hiring locally helped to keep costs
down and was consistent with the TLCs goals for the project. There
were approximately 200 individuals and 35 companies involved and
of these, approximately 10 were from the Atlin area and 20 were
northern companies.
A brief summary of each of the project components is included in
the sections below (also see Table 1).
Control structure
The control structure includes a sheet pile and rip-rap weir built at the
outlet of Surprise Lake. The weir is at an existing road bridge and ties
into the road embankments. To lengthen the seepage path under the
weir, a 45mm EPDM membrane sandwiched between two layers of
non-woven geotextile was extended 10m upstream of the weir. The
membrane and geotextile layers were protected by a layer of drain
rock. A geotextile lter was extended 7m downstream of the weir and
protected using a layer of pea gravel and a layer of rip rap.
A 1.8m diameter culvert through the left road embankment releases
ow from Surprise Lake into Pine Creek. An orice-type shway also
passes through the left road embankment. This shway has improved
arctic grayling migration between Pine Creek and Surprise Lake.
The timing of control structure construction was extremely impor-
tant. Construction occurred during the spring low ow period and
needed to be completed before the start of the freshet. This construc-
tion window meant that crews had to begin work when temperatures
were still well below freezing. Excavation of the frozen road embank-
ment was extremely difcult, and concrete had to be covered and
heated following pours.
Intake
The Atlin intake consists of a small concrete gravity dam and a rein-
forced concrete intake that is located approximately 25m upstream of
the dam. The concrete gravity dam has a maximum height of 9.25m
from its bedrock base. During typical ows water not required by
the project ows over the 14m wide ogee-type spillway. During ood
ows, water also ows over the 14.4m wide secondary spillway.
The intake structure includes a penstock slide gate as well as coarse
and ne trashracks. Water ows from the intake into a short sec-
tion of 1.52m diameter steel pipe. This portion of the penstock was
designed to allow the reducer to be exchanged for a bifurcation if the
plant is expanded in the future.
Atlins cold climate was considered in the design of the intake and
weir, including winter operation and the impacts of ice. The weir is
higher than for comparable projects because the required submer-
gence over the penstock inlet includes a 0.5m thick ice allowance.
Non-metallic trashracks were used at the project intake to reduce the
tendency of frazil ice to stick to these structures. The coarse trashrack
can be removed during the winter months to prevent it from being
damaged by ice. The ne trashrack is submerged and therefore less
susceptible to ice damage.
Penstock
The buried penstock is 3910m long and made of 1.22m HDPE and
steel pipe. The minimum depth of ll over the penstock is 1.35m;
this burial depth ensures that water in the penstock does not freeze.
Burying the penstock also guarantees that wildlife migration across
the penstock route is unimpeded.
Powerhouse
The powerhouse is a prefabricated steel building on a concrete foun-
dation. The building houses the generating equipment, crane and con-
trols. The switchyard is located adjacent to the powerhouse.
Generating equipment
The generating equipment consists of 2x1MW horizontal axis Pelton
wheels, double overhung on a single generator. The turbine and gen-
erator were supplied by the Chongqing Yunhe Industry (Group) Co
of Chongqing, China.
Since the community of Atlin is not connected to the provincial
electricity grid, the controls for the turbine and generator needed to
be different from conventional run-of-river projects. Rather than con-
stantly adjusting to meet the communitys electricity needs, the project
generates electricity at a constant rate greater than the demand. A
load bank is used to disperse the excess energy.
Installing the penstock
Powerline
A 750m long, 25kV powerline and 3.15km of 25kV express feeder con-
nect the project to the diesel generating station and the local Atlin grid.
Project operations
For long-term operations, TLC transferred ownership of the
project to the Xeitl Limited Partnership (XLP), which is also
wholly owned by the TRTFN. (Xeitl is the Tlingit word for light-
ning, which is the closest Tlingit word relating to electricity.) The
project is one of the rst small hydroelectric projects in Canada to
be wholly owned and operated by a First Nation.
The project generated 1.95GWh of electricity over its rst six months
of operation. Stuart Simpson, now operations manager, reports that
the plant is running nearly awlessly. There have been eight outages
since project commissioning, but none of these have been caused by
project breakdowns. The outages have been caused by a combination
of operator error during training, trees falling on the powerline and
ravens landing on neighbourhood transformers.
Simpson also reports that the XLP has been very impressed with
the facilities.
SUCCESS STORY
The Atlin hydro project has been extremely successful from a number of
aspects. The plant has been operating smoothly since commissioning, and
it will meet Atlins electricity needs for many years to come. Although the
current project conguration has been sized to provide Atlin with elec-
tricity for the next 25 years, it has also been built to be expandable if the
areas energy demands increase faster than forecasted.
The projects success is largely due to the resolve of TLC, XLP and
the people who have spent the past ve years advancing the work,
including Peter Kirby (president) and Stuart Simpson (project man-
ager). Good teamwork and effective communication, despite large
geographic separations, were also paramount.
The project is a perfect example of how water power can be envi-
ronmentally benecial and socially responsible. The XLP team is now
frequently solicited to speak at conferences as well as to provide advice
to other First Nations in western Canada about building their own
small hydro projects. It demonstrates what can be accomplished when
people strive to reach a common goal.
Lara Taylor, Environmental Coordinator, Sigma
Engineering Ltd, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Email: ltaylor@synex.com

All photos were taken by Stuart Simpson. Further images
are included on the web version of this article at
Atlin hydroelectric project,
Northwest British Columbia,
Canada
Item Description
Project owner Xeitl Limited Partnership
Water source Pine Creek
Drainage area at
control structure
467km
2
Drainage area at intake 557km
2
Mean annual ow at
intake
4.2m
3
/sec
Project design ow 2.7m
3
/sec
Gross head 107.6m
Project operation Modied run-of-river with storage on Surprise Lake.
Power supplied to isolated off-grid community.
Project capacity 2.1MW
Control structure A sheet pile and rip-rap weir at the outlet of Surprise
Lake increases the lakes natural storage. A low level
outlet releases ow to Pine Creek (including the project
further downstream), and an orice-type shway allows
for continued migration of arctic grayling between Pine
Creek and Surprise Lake.
Intake A concrete gravity weir with an ogee-type spillway
was built across Pine Creek. A concrete intake is
located on the left bank of Pine Creek.
Penstock The penstock is approximately 3900m long and is
made of 48 diameter HDPE and steel pipe.
Turbines 2 x 1MW horizontal axis Pelton, double overhung
on a single generator
Generator 4.16 kV direct-coupled synchronous
Powerhouse Steel building on concrete foundation, with 23
tonne overhead crane
Switchyard At powerhouse, step-up 4.16kV to 25kV
Powerline 750 m long three-phase 25 kV powerline connects
to the local Atlin grid
Inside the powerhouse
Gravity dam and intake headpond
IWP& DC
Here you will nd details on some of the executive appointments made by companies within the hydro power and dams industry
over the past few months. To submit details of appointments for publication in a future issue of the magazine,
please send an email to the editor, Carrieann Stocks, at: carrieannstocks@globaltrademedia.com
EXECUTIVE MOVEMENTS
APPOINTMENTS
Plutonic Power Appoints Phil
Fontaine And David OBrien
To Board Of Directors
Fontaine is the past National
chief of the Assembly of First
Nations, and has a long his-
tory of serving First Nations
and Canada, having held his
first position of elected office
at 28 years of age as chief of
the Sagkeeng First Nation in
Manitoba. He is also a Member
of the Order of Manitoba.
Since 2004 OBrien has been
the president and chief execu-
tive officer of Toronto Hydro
Corporation. Prior to joining
Toronto Hydro, OBrien had
experience in municipal admin-
istration and the Ontario elec-
tricity industry. He has held
the position of city manager in
a number of cities in Ontario,
culminating with 10 years as
City Manager in Mississauga.
He then served as chief execu-
tive ofcer and board member of
Enersource Corporation. OBrien
served a six-month secondment
to the Government of Ontario as
Associate Deputy Minister and
then Deputy Minister of Energy.
GE Appoints Ralph Kirkpatrick
As Company Ofcer
Kirkpatrick has
b e e n n a me d
as vi ce presi -
dent and chief
e ng i ne e r f or
G E E n e r g y
Infrastructure.
In this leadership
role, Kirkpatrick
will be responsible for product
safety engineering, fleet and sys-
tems reliability engineering, design
processes and practices, and GE
Energy Infrastructures technical
career path and controlled title
engineers.
Prior to joining GE, Kirkpatrick
was the executive vice president,
operations for Rolls Royce Energy
Systems, where he was responsible
for global operations in manufac-
turing, purchasing, logistics, engi-
neering, quality and IT in Ohio,
Canada and the UK.
Cavico Appoints June Kim
As CFO
Kim will be responsible for pro-
viding strategic leadership and
management direction for all
nancial aspects of infrastructure
construction company Cavico
Corporation, and will report
to chief executive office at the
companys US ofces located in
Huntington Beach, California.
Kim specializes in SEC com-
pliance for audits and prepara-
tion of nancial statements with
disclosures including Form 10Q
and Form 10K. Prior to joining
Cavico, Kim worked for PHI
Group, Inc. and True Colors,
International as contracted con-
troller and Stoneeld Josephson,
a CPA firm, as audit manager.
From 2000 to 2005, Kim was
with Kabani & Company, Inc.,
as audit manager.
EDF Energies Nouvelles
appoints Olivier Paquier
As COO
In his new role
Paquier will be in
charge of the com-
panys distributed
energies business,
while also becom-
ing a member of
EDF ENs executive
committee.
A graduate of the cole Nationale
dAdministration (ENA), Paquier
started his career in the forecasting
department of Frances Ministry of
the Economy and Finance as deputy
to the head of the external ofce and
then the nancial operations ofce.
He then moved to the Treasury,
working as nancial attach for CIS
countries in Moscow before becom-
ing head of the Africa, Caribbean,
Pacic-Franc Zone ofce in 1998
and then head of the insurance com-
pany ofce in 2001.
In 2002, he was appointed deputy
head of insurance in the Treasury
management team. In 2003, he
became head of the EDFs group
treasury and subsidiary nancing
division, and in 2005 he was made
head of EDFs M&A and structured
nance division.
RusHydro Elects Yuri
Vasilyevich Gorbenko To
Its Board
Gorbenko will be responsible for
arranging measures to eliminate the
consequences of the disaster and res-
toration of the Sayano-Shushenskaya
hydro power plant (HPP). Currently,
he is supervising the completion of
the construction of Bureyskaya HPP
in the Russian Far East.
Gorbenko has been Director of JSC
Bureyskaya HPP since 1998 and direc-
tor of JSC RusHydro branch JSC
Bureyskaya HPP since January 2008.
Pyry Appoints Sanna
Paivaniemi As Director,
Investor Relations
Pivniemi will start her new posi-
tion at engineering consultancy
rm Poyry effective December 1,
2009. She will join Poyry from
Konecranes PLC where she has
been responsible for the investor
relations function.
Vattenfall Appoints Per-
Olof Granstrom As Head Of
European Affairs
Granstrom comes from a posi-
tion as executive vice president of
Svensk Energi/Swedenergy. Prior to
Swedenergy, he has maintained vari-
ous positions within the energy sector.
Among others, head of generation and
trade at Stockholm Energi and vice
president/director of trade at Nord
Pool, the Nordic power exchange.
NYPA Appoints
Joseph Kessler
As New Head
Of Niagara
Power Project
The New York Power Authority
(NYPA) appointed Kessler as NYPA
regional manager Western New
York, succeeding Horace Horton,
who has retired after a 17-year career
at NYPA, including three years as
regional manager. The change in
leadership at the project took effect
from July 15 2009.
Kessler joined the Niagara project
staff in 2001 as an engineer in the
electrical maintenance department.
He was promoted to electrical super-
visor in 2002 and to senior engi-
neer in 2007. Before joining NYPA,
Kessler worked at various companies in
Western New York since 1987. He is a
registered professional engineer in New
York State and the author of a number
of technical papers and articles.
Ocean Power Technologies
appoints Angus Norman as
Chief Executive for UK/Europe
Norman j oi ns Ocean Power
Technol ogi es Li mi t ed, t he
Companys UK-based wholly-owned
subsidiary, from EDF Energy, where
he held the position of Managing
Director of Sustainable Solutions.
Reporting to Mark R. Draper, Chief
Executive Ofcer of Ocean Power
Technologies, Inc., Norman will be
responsible for all OPT Ltd opera-
tions based in Warwick, UK. This
includes engineering, sales and mar-
keting, customer contracts and other
activities in the UK and Europe.
BHEL Appoints Prasada Rao
As Its New CMD
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
(BHEL) has appointed B. Prasada
Rao as its new chairman and man-
aging director (CMD). Rao started
his career in BHEL as an Industrial
Engineer at Industrial Systems Group
(ISG), Bangalore in 1978, worked at
project sites and initiated the Project
Management function at ISG.
Rao is a Mechanical Engineering
Gr aduat e f r om J awahar l al
Nehru Technological University,
Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh and
a Post Graduate in Industrial
Engineering from NITIE, Mumbai.
He has 31 years of diversied and
varied experience through work-
ing in strategic as well as opera-
tional areas in all major segments
of BHEL covering concept-to-
commissioning activities. Rao
takes over to lead the company at
a crucial juncture when BHEL is
building capacity and capability
to contribute fully for meeting the
Indias power forecast for the 11th
plan and beyond.
Third International Conference on
Water Resources and Renewable
Energy Development in Asia
organized by co-hosted by
Following two previous successful events, which took place in Bangkok, Thailand (2006) and Danang, Vietnam (2008), we are taking the
next event in this series to Malaysia, a country in the heart of South East Asia with a long history of hydropower
development and to the State of Sarawak which is deeply committed to renewable energy development.
Delegations from around 50 countries will assemble to discuss all aspects of water resources development
of particular relevance to the Asian region.
A major Technical Exhibition will showcase the supplies and services of those from around the world who are playing a role in
water resources/renewable energy development in the Asian region.
Speakers will represent the major water and energy utilities of the Asia and Pacific regions, as well as financiers,
environmental specialists, and international experts on all aspects of dams, hydropower and other renewable energy sources.
The colourful town of Kuching has much to offer elegant architecture, world class hotels, lively markets,
a tropical landscape along the banks of the Sarawak river, and a new state-of-the-art international congress centre.
Tours will be organized to the Batang Ai concrete faced rockfill dam and powerplant, as well as the 2400 MW Bakun scheme
and the Murum RCC dam, under construction on the Balui river.
SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS INCLUDE:
Conference and Exhibition
Borneo International Convention Centre Kuching,
Sarawak, Malaysia ~ 29 and 30 March 2010
Contact us for more details of the ASIA 2010 Conference, Exhibition and Tours:
Conference : Mrs Margaret Bourke Exhibition: Mr Gal Bozec
Tel: +44 20 8773 7244 Tel: +44 20 8773 7250
Email: mb@hydropower-dams.com Email: gb@hydropower-dams.com
Aqua~Media International Ltd, PO Box 285, Wallington, Surrey SM6 6AN, UK
Fax: + 44 20 8773 7255 Website: www.hydropower-dams.com
A
PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
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MORE THAN 100 YEARS OF HYDROPOWER ENGINEERING
AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE
260 Dams and 60 Hydropower Plants (15,000 MW)
built in 70 countries
Water resources and hydroelectric development
Public and private developers
BOT and EPC projects
New projects, upgrading and rehabilitation
Sustainable development
with water transfer, hydropower, pumping stations
and dams.
COYNE ET BELLI ER
9, alle des Barbanniers
92632 GENNEVILLIERS CEDEX - FRANCE
Tel: +33 1 41 85 03 69
Fax: +33 1 41 85 03 74
e.mail: commercial@coyne-et-bellier.fr
website: www.coyne-et-bellier.fr
COYNE ET BELLIER
Bureau dIngnieurs Conseils
www. coyne-et-bel l i er. fr
Over 40 years experience in Dams.
CFRD Specialist Design and Construction
G
Dam Safety Inspection
G
Construction Supervision
G
Instrumentation
G
RCC Dam Inspection
G
Panel Expert Works
Av. Giovanni Gronchi, 5445 sala 172, Sao Paulo
Brazil
ZIP Code 05724-003
Phone: +55-11-3744.8951
Fax: +55-11-3743.4256
Email: bayardo.materon@terra.com.br
ba_mater@yahoo.com.br
Lahmeyer International GmbH
Friedberger Strasse 173 D-61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany
Tel.: +49 (6101) 55-1164 Fax: +49 (6101) 55-1715
E-Mail: bernd.metzger@lahmeyer.de http://www.lahmeyer.de
Your Partner for
Water Resources and
Hydroelectric Development
All Services for Complete Solutions
from concept to completion and operation
from projects to complex systems
from local to multinational schemes
for public and private developers
Norconsult AS
Vestfjordgaten 4,
1338 Sandvika, Norway
Tel: +47 67 57 10 00
Fax: +47 67 54 45 76
company@norconsult.com
Power and Water Management
Norconsult provides multidisciplinary
consultancy services within power
and water resources development.
www.norconsult.com
River Basin Studies
Underground Hydropower
Dam Design
Turbine Maintenance and
Optimisation
Transmission and Distribution
Environmental Impact Assessments
Financial Engineering
Power Utility Services
AF-Colenco Ltd
Tfernstrasse 26 CH-5405 Baden/Switzerland
Phone +41 (0)56 483 12 12 Fax +41 (0)56 483 17 99
colenco-info@afconsult.com http://www.af-colenco.com
Consulting / Engineering and EPC Services for:
Hydropower Plants
Dams and Reservoirs
Hydraulic Structures
Hydraulic Steel Structures
Geotechnics and Foundations
Electrical / Mechanical Equipment
formerly Electrowatt-Ekono and Verbundplan
Hydropower and Water Management with
Worldwide Experience and Local Presence
For further information please contact
hp.energy@poyry.com and visit www.poyry.com
Construction and
refurbishment of small
and medium hydro
power plants.
. turnkey / EPC plants
.
design & engineering
.
turbines
.
feasibility studies
.
operation services
.
nancing
www.hydropol.cz
# (47) 67 53 15 06 in Norway
# (55) 11 3722 0889 in Brazil
E-mail: nickrbarton@hotmail.com
Website: http//www.qtbm.com
35 years experience from more than 30 countries
To advertise in the Professional
Directory or World Marketplace
section or for more information
contact Diane Stanbury on
tel: +44 (0)20 8269 7854
or email:
dstanbury@progressivemediagroup.com
Copy deadline for December 2009 issue
is 3 December 2009
& DAM CONSTRUCTION
Water Power
PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY
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Yolsu Engineering Services Ltd. Co.
Hrriyet Caddesi No:135 Dikmen, 06450 Ankara,TURKEY
Tel: +90 312 480 06 01 (pbx) Fax: +90 312 483 31 35
www.yolsu.com.tr info@yolsu.com.tr
Prefeasibilty, Feasibility,
Final & Detail Design,
Consulting Services:
Basin development
Dams and hydropower plants
Irrigation and drainage
Water supply and sewerage
River engineering
Highways and railways
Stellba Hydro AG Stellba Hydro GmbH & Co KG
Langgas 2 Badenbergstrasse 30
CH-5244 Birrhard D-89520 Heidenheim
Switzerland Germany
Telefon +41 (0)56 201 45 20 Telefon +49 (0)7321 96 92 0
Telefax +41 (0)56 201 45 21 Telefax +49 (0)7321 6 20 73
Internet www.stellba-hydro.ch Internet www.stellba.de
E-Mail info@stellba-hydro.ch E-Mail info@stellba.de
The classified section in Water Power & Dam Construction
is a well established and popular section with the magazines
combined print and digital circulation of 16,000. Commonly
known as where the buyer meets the seller.
Classified
opportunities
For more information, please contact
Diane Stanbury Tel: +44 (0)20 8269 7854 or email: dstanbury@progressivemediagroup.com
Recruitment
The ideal way to promote a company vacancy and
reach experienced professionals looking for the next
opportunity to advance their career in the hydro power
& dam construction industries.
Industry showcases
The industry showcase section is made up of eighth
page adverts (95x65mm) with a maximum of eight key
suppliers to a page. It is an ideal section to promote
products and services, raise brand awareness and
shout about company successes. Showcase adverts
are also an ideal way to promote product literature and
generate interest.
Recommended duration: minimum 3 months
C
WORLD MARKETPLACE
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CYLINDERS
Rexroth
Bosch Group
Bosch Rexroth B.V.
Cylinders
Application based standard cylinder designs for;
radial gates, roller and slide gates, butterfly and
ball valves, turbine regulation, navigational locks
and movable bridges.
Bosch Rexroth B.V.
Contact: Mr Bob Lamers, Tel: +31 411 651 778
www.boschrexroth.com
Mail to: cylinders@boschrexroth.com
CRANES
GATES
HYDRO CASTINGS
Water turbine components
Castings from 100 kg to 30 tons
Latest CAD-CAM capabilities
Certified Quality Assurance ISO 9001
Environmental Management System ISO14001
Your contact: Mr. Timo Norvasto, Sales Manager
Lokomo Steel Foundry
Tel: +358 204 84 4222
Fax: +358 204 84 4233
Email: timo.norvasto@metso.com
Web: www.metsofoundries.com
Providing water control solutions through thoughtful engineering,
innovative design, attention to detail and outstanding customer
service. Contact us for inflatable water control gates and rubber
dams.
PO Box 668, Fort Collins, CO 80522 USA
Tel: 970-568-9844
www.obermeyerhydro.com
Custom Design Hydraulic Cylinders
Servomotors
Piston Accumulators'
Hydraulic Power Units
Control Panels
www.doucehydro.com
Douce Hydro FRANCE, USA and GERMANY
Tel France: + 33 / 3 22 74 31 08 ; E-mail: afleroy@doucehydro.com
Tel USA: + 1 / 586 566 4725 ; E-mail: fvandenbulke@doucehydro.com
Tel Germany: + 49 / 177 398 37 78 ; E-mail : ublase-henke@doucehydro.com
BEARINGS
PAN
bronzes
and
PAN
-GF
self-lubricating bearings
Since 1931
- Superior quality with
Highest wear resistance
Low maintenance
Or maintenance free
- Extended operating life
PAN-Metallgesellschaft
P.O. Box 102436 D-68024 Mannheim / Germany
Phone: + 49 621 42 303-0 Fax: + 49 621 42 303-33
kontakt@pan-metall.com www.pan-metall.com
BEARING OIL COOLERS
HEXECO, Inc. ... a Heat Exchanger Engineering Co.
Tel: +1 (920) 361-3440 Fax: +1 (920) 361-4554
E-Mail: info.wpd@hexeco.com Web: www.hexeco.com
OIL COOLERS
For
THRUST and
GUIDE
BEARINGS
CONCRETE COOLING
COLD & ICE WATERPLANTS
FLAKE ICE PLANTS
ICE DELIVERY & WEIGHING SYSTEMS
ICE STORAGES
KTI-Plersch Kltetechnik GmbH
Carl-Otto-Weg 14/2
88481 Balzheim
Germany
Tel:/Phone: +49 - 7347 - 95 72 - 0
Fax: +49 - 7347 - 95 72 - 22
Email: ice@kti-plersch.com
Website: www.kti-plersch.com
CONCRETE COOLING
FILTRATION EQUIPMENT
WWW.WATERPOWERMAGAZINE.COM
kuenzamerica@kuenz.com
www.kuenzamerica.com
TRASH RAKE CLEANING
POWER HOUSE CRANES
America Inc.
TRASH RAKE CLEANING
POWER HOUSE CRANES
America Inc.
CIVIL ENGINEERING:
Cy|inders, power units and contro|s
for dam gates, spi||way gates,
intake gates, s|uice gates
Engineering, insta||ation and com-
missioning of comp|ete hydrau|ic
and e|ectric systems for dam gate
operation up to automatic reservoir
monitoring and contro| (ARMAC}
www.montanhydraulik.com
WORLD MARKETPLACE
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HYDROMECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT
HYDRO POWER
PLANT EQUIPMENT
HYDRO POWER
PLANT EQUIPMENT
HYDRO POWER
PLANT EQUIPMENT
ANDRITZ HYDRO GmbH
Penzinger Strasse 76, A-1141 Vienna, Austria
Phone: +43.1.89100-2659, Fax: +43.1.8946046
contact@andritz-hydro.com www.andritz-hydro.com
Your partner for renewable energy.
Hydro Power.
We focus on the best solution from water to wire.
Voith Hydro Holding GmbH & Co. KG
Alexanderstrasse 11
89522 Heidenheim/Germany
www.voithhydro.com
A Voith and Siemens Company
Water power plant equipment
(electrical and mechanical)
Pumps
Governors
Automation
Modernization of existing power plants
Hydro power services
Ocean energies
INSTRUMENTATION
(DAM MONITORING)
Geokon, Incorporated manufactures a full range
of geotechnical instrumentation suitable for
monitoring dams. Geokon instrumentation employs
vibrating wire technology that provides measurable
advantages and proven long-term stability.
The World Leader in
Vibrating Wire Technology
TM
Geokon, Incorporated
48 Spencer Street
Lebanon, New Hampshire
03766

USA
Dam Monitoring Instrumentation
1

603

448

1562
1

603

448

3216
info@geokon.com
www.geokon.com
Vikas Kothari: Executive Director Tel: 91 11 29565552 TO 55
Om Metals Infraprojects Ltd. Fax: 91 11 29565551
4th Floor, NBCC Plaza, Mobile: 91 98110 68101
Tower III, Sector 5, Email: vikas@ommetals.com
Pushp Vihar, info@ommetals.com
Saket, New Delhi, 110 017, INDIA Web: www.ommetals.com
Turnkey EPC contracts for:
Radial Gates Trash Racks & TRCM
Vertical Gates Gantry Cranes & EOT
Penstocks Mechanical/ Hydraulic Hoists
Stoplogs Draft Tubes
Turnkey EPC contracts for:
Radial Gates Trash Racks & TRCM
Vertical Gates Gantry Cranes & EOT
Penstocks Mechanical/ Hydraulic Hoists
Stoplogs Draft Tubes
Om Metals
Reliable and innovative solutions utilizing
over 156 years continuos hydro-electric
experience.
Fully customised supply of turbines,
generators, controls, switchgear &
associated plant up to around 20MW,
including a micro hydro range of turbines.
Japan: Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon Ltd
h-yamamo@rf6.so-net.ne.jp
North America:
Vancouver Island Technology Park
2103 - 4464 Markham Street
Victoria BC V8Z 7X8
b.sellars@gilkes.com
t: 250-483-3883
UK: Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon Ltd,
Canal head North, Kendal,
Cumbria LA9 7BZ
t 01539 720028 I 01539 732110
hydro@gilkes.com
N World wide referenced water to wire General Contractor
N Turbines and Generators
N Electromechanical Equipment
N Switchgears
N Control Protection Monitoring and SCADA Systems
N Balance of the Plant
N Turn key projects
N Rehabilitation
S.T.E. S.p.a. - Via Sorio, 120 - 35141, PADOVA(Italy)
tel. +39 049 2963900 - fax. +39 049 2963901
Email: ste@ste-energy.com Web: www.ste-energy.com
ISO 9001 CERTIFIED
Contact Diane Stanbury on:
+44 208 269 7854
For World Marketplace
advertising opportunities
WORLD MARKETPLACE
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SMALL HYDROELECTRIC
POWER SETS
MICRO/SMALL
HYDROELECTRIC POWER SETS
INSTRUMENTATION
(GEOTECHNICAL)
INSTRUMENTATION
(GEOTECHNICAL)
SCREENING
Planning a run-of-river project?
Reduce your capital costs significantly!
Why a coanda intake?
Eliminates desander
Protects your investment
from premature wear
and debris.
Flows up to 25 M3/sec.
Screens out debris
down to 0.5mm
Customizable for
a range of conditions
MAXIMIZES POWER
GENERATION
Partial Discharge?
www.pdix.com
PARTIAL DISCHARGE DETECTION
INSTRUMENTATION
(DAM MONITORING)
Contact Diane Stanbury on:
+44 208 269 7854
dstanbury@
progressivemediagroup.com
For World Marketplace
advertising opportunities
WORLD MARKETPLACE
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TRASHRACK RAKES TRASHRACK RAKES
VALVES FOR HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
Butterfly Valves
Spherical Valves
Cone Jet Valves
Needle Valves
Sleeve Valves
Pressure Reducing Valves
Airation Valves
Adams Schweiz AG
Austrasse 49, CH 8045 Zrich, Switzerland
Phone: +41 (0) 44 461 54 15
Fax: +41 (0) 44 461 50 20
e-mail: sales@adamsarmaturen.ch
Internet: www.adamsarmaturen.ch
VALVES WATER TURBINES
WATERPROOFING
WATERPROOFING AND PROTECTION
of concrete and RCC dams,
embankment dams, hydraulic tunnels,
canals, reservoirs
WITH FLEXIBLE SYNTHETIC MEMBRANES
Turnkey projects: design manufacturing,
supply, installation.
CARPI TECH
Corso San Gottardo 86
CH 6830 Chiasso - Switzerland
Tel: +41 91 695 4000 Fax: +41 91 695 4009
Email: info@carpitech.com Web: www.carpitech.com
Stronger together.
Member of the Group of companies
Glenfield Valves Ltd your specialist manufacturer of Discharge,
Control and Isolating Valves for:
Dams and Reservoirs
Water Transmission Pipelines
Power Stations.
For a world wide network of
manufacturing and service
organisations offering local
support please contact:
Glenfield Works, Queens Drive,
Kilmarnock, Ayrshire,
KA1 3XF, UK
T: +44 1563 521150
F: +44 1563 541013
E: enquiries@glenfield.co.uk
W: www.glenfield.co.uk
TRASH RAKE CLEANING
POWER HOUSE CRANES
America Inc.
BOLTIGHT Bolt Tensioners for
Essential Bolt Tightening
Boltight hydraulic bolt tensioning equipment
for critical bolt tightening applications.
Pioneering tool designs and new ways to
deliver cost effective bolt tightening
solutions.
Strong, robust tooling with long life, low
maintenance sealing technology.
Fast, efficient and reliable bolt tensioners for
small and large bolting.
Boltights innovative designs and superior
quality products provide confidence in bolt
tightening.
For fast response contact:
sales@boltight.com
Call: +44 1922 631289
Website: www.boltight.com
INDUSTRY SHOWCASE
To advertise in the Professional
Directory or World Marketplace
section or for more information
contact Diane Stanbury on
tel: +44 (0)20 8269 7854
or email:
Copy deadline for December 2009 issue
is 3 December 2009
& DAM CONSTRUCTION
Water Power
Hydro Power.
Long-lasting experience and hundreds
of reference projects all over the world
are the basis for our leadership in
Penstocks & Gates. Latest technology,
economi cal sol ut i ons together wi th
maximum use of site fabrication and
local resources guarantee our success
and customer sati sfacti on.
contact-hydro@andritz.com
www.andritz.com
ANDRITZ HYDRO GmbH
Lunzerstrasse 78, A-4031 Linz, Austria
Phone: +43 (732) 6986 6073, Fax: +43 (732) 6980 9213
Just a thin steel plate against high water pressure.

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