A Research Work On Urban Design Principles and Legazpi City Historical Development

Bicol University College of Engineering Department of Architecture Legazpi City
A RESEARCH WORK ON URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND LEGAZPI CITY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Community Architecture and Urban Design (AR 311)
PALEVINO, MARINET O.
BS Architecture 4A
AR. DEALCA, RAMON E.

Professor
Community Architecture and Urban Design
WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN?

The art of creating and shaping cities and towns Urban design involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, transport systems, services, and amenities. Urban design is the process of giving form, shape, and character to groups of buildings, to whole neighborhoods, and the city. It is a framework that orders the elements into a network of streets, squares, and blocks. Urban design blends architecture, landscape architecture, and city planning together to make urban areas functional and attractive. Urban design is about making connections between people and places, movement and urban form, nature and the built fabric. Urban design draws together the many strands of place-making, environmental stewardship, social equity and economic viability into the creation of places with distinct beauty and identity. Urban design is derived from but transcends planning and transportation policy, architectural design, development economics, engineering and landscape. It draws these and other strands together creating a vision for an area and then deploying the resources and skills needed to bring the vision to life.
A RESEARCH WORK ON URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND LEGAZPI CITY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT |
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FACTORS OF URBAN DESIGN
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URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Principle A URBANISM
STRIVE TO CREATE AND RESTORE THE EXISTING URBAN FABRIC WITHIN THE METROPOLITAN REGION, CREATE REAL COMMUNITIES AND DIVERSE DISTRICTS, CONSERVE THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESPECT EDMONTONS BUILT LEGACY. A1 CREATING + ENHANCING THE CITY Is new development integrated with the broader existing city pattern? Does this project respect historical boundaries, patterns and precedents? Does this project support or enhance the citys alternative transportation framework? A2 CREATING + ENHANCING THE NEIGHBOURHOOD, DISTRICT + CORRIDOR Does this project contribute to creating a neighbourhood that is diverse, compact, pedestrian-friendly and mixed-use? Does this project create opportunities for daily living activities within walking distance? Does this project contribute to creating a broad range of housing types? Does this project embed civic, cultural or commercial uses within the neighbourhood or district (avoids creating remote, singleuse complexes)? Does this project respect or use conservation areas or open space to define and link different neighbourhoods or districts? How do the landscape and amenities enhance the project and the community? A3 CREATING + ENHANCING THE BLOCK, STREET + BUILDING What elements does the project design exhibit that contribute to a positive human experience? How does the project respect human scale, encourage activity and engage the passer-by at street level? How does this project enhance the physical definition of streets and public spaces as places of shared use?
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Are there window openings and diversity of uses to encourage active edges? How does this project provide its inhabitants with a clear sense of time, weather and location? How are quiet spaces integrated into the project? How does the project encourage a safe environment? How is the project designed for both day and night? If a civic building or public gathering space- how does this project reinforce the community identified?
Principle B DESIGN EXCELLENCE

EXEMPLIFY DESIGN EXCELLENCE BY INCORPORATING, TRANSLATING AND INTERPRETING ALL THREE DESIGN PRINCIPLES TO THE GREATEST EXTENT POSSIBLE, CONSISTENT WITH BEST CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES. B1 SUSTAINABILITY IS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF THE DESIGN Has the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the project been considered? Has a recognized standard sustainability evaluation tool been used? Have air, water and energy conservation + quality strategies been incorporated? B2 INTEGRATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF PUBLIC ARTS AND CULTURE How does the design intend to embrace and incorporate the arts such as visual and performing arts into its design? How do the design and the project intend to contribute to Edmontons cultural fabric? Does it treat architecture as art?
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B3 CELEBRATE THE WINTER CITY + EDMONTONS CLIMATE Does the design interpret and embrace Edmontons four season climate? How is the design adaptable to constantly changing weather patterns? How is protection from the elements built into the design? How does the design address indoor and outdoor connectivity during extreme weather conditions? How does the design celebrate the extended daylight hours in Edmonton in the summer and the minimal daylight hours in the winter? Does it provide public and private outdoor spaces? B4 DURABLE, PERMANENT AND TIMELESS MATERIALS How and what materials have been selected that fit with the climate and the urban environment? How are the materials appropriate to the project? How does the choice of materials contribute to longevity of the project? How are workmanship and craftsmanship addressed in this project?
B5 APPROPRIATE USE OF INNOVATION How has innovation been incorporated into the design? How is this project different from comparable projects? Does this project address or challenge current development policy?
Principle C SCALE, CONNECTION + CONTEXT

DEMONSTRATE APPROPRIATE SCALE, INTEGRATION OF DESIGN ELEMENTS AND FIT WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRECINCT C1 EXEMPLIFY NEIGHBOURLINESS: CELEBRATE, ENGAGE AND ENHANCETHE UNIQUE CONTEXT OF LOCATION What are the unique features of the precinct that the design is celebrating and building upon? How does the project contribute to the surrounding neighbourhood? How does the visual impact of the project relate to its surroundings? Does it provide clarity and consistency of form and detail? Is the signage compatible with the building and surrounding community? How does this project deal with the roofscapes that it creates?
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C2 CELEBRATE + RESPECT HERITAGE How does the project respect, contribute or renew the memory or heritage of buildings, districts and landscapes? If the project does not respect and contribute to the heritage of the area, why not? C3 ENHANCE + PRESERVE CONNECTIONS Are there clear and multiple points of arrival to the development? How does the project address wayfinding to key destinations in the community? How does the project encourage and support nonmotorized modes of transportation including pedestrian circulation?
How does the project connect with or incorporate public transit? How does the project incorporate vehicles and parking? How does this project contribute to or discourage the movement, (or views) of plants and animals and their activity at the edges of development? How does the project preserve or establish connections with significant landmarks, public spaces and the river valley? How does the project respect the coherence of the current urban structure in the area (hierarchy of streets, green spaces and local daily activity patterns) How does this project holistically connect the ecology between the surroundingcommunity and this design?
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Of LEGAZPI CITY
LEGAZPI CITY
A RESEARCH WORK ON URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND LEGAZPI CITY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT | Palevino,MO
on October 23, 1856. It began as a barangay called Sawangan (now Legazpi Port) whose inhabitants Origin of Name Historically, the city was named Legazpi, to were mostly fishermen and farmers. In 1587, Franciscan friars of the Doctrina of Cagsawa began to convert the settlement to Christianity and in 1616 they transformed it into a separate town and parish called Albay. Its first parish priest built a small chapel and established the Mission de San Gregorio Magno de Sawangan. The progress of two centuries was razed to the ground in the eruption of Mayon Volcano on February 1, 1814. The people was evacuated to Makalaya (now Taysan) and on the decree of the Foundation On September 22, 1856, through a Royal Decree, the name Legazpi was officially adopted to include the visitas of Lamba, Rawis and Bigaa, and declaring it an independent town. It was formally inaugurated Gobierno Superior on October 1, 1829, prohibiting the founding of another town they finally settled in Taytay (Bagumbayan). In 1818, Sawangan, then already known as the town of Albay, was separated from Cagsawa and was made the capital of Partido de Ibalon (the old name of Albay Province).
perpetuate to the memory of Adelantado Don Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. This was the agreement made between the original inhabitants of the place and the Spaniards during the formers quest for autonomy. It took them 21 years, in which they sought the help and support of the Spaniards, then living in the town. As a sign of gratitude, the people readily accepted the name, which was also then proposed by the Spaniards upon fulfillment of their efforts.
Some of the people, however, remained in the old town and began anew as a barrio. In lieu of their former patron saint, St. Gregory the Great, which had also been transferred to Albay, they adopted St. Raphael, the Archangel and transformed the ermita into a church. They finally regained their old status but never changed the name of the place as Albay Viejo or Banwang Daan. Even after their autonomy in 1856, they called it Binanuahan, meaning the former sit of a town.
Mayon Volcano, June 27, 1928
Historical Archieves
The old Cagsawa Church
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EVENTS
The city had its beginnings as Sawangan, a small settlement by a mangrove swamp. From 1587 to 1616, the spiritual administration of this settlement was under Cagsawa. In 1616, it was made into a town called Albaybay (meaning by the bay). The church, together with several houses, were buried during the 1754 eruption of Mayon Volcano The February 1, 1814 eruption destroyed the towns new church and half of the town. On September 22 1856, by virtue of a Royal Decree, Sawangan's name was changed to Legaspi (after Spanish conquistador Don Miguel Lopez de Legaspi) with Don Lorenzo Hac as the first gobernadorcillo On May 18, 1872, it was designated as an open port. Legaspi became a city under the Becerra Law of 1892. On October 17, 1894, part of Albay's territory was ceded to Sorsogon. On September 22, 1898, Filipino rebels grab control of Legaspi after civil guards under Anacleto Solano joined their side. During the Philippine-American War, Legaspi was occupied by four companies of U.S. troops plus a gunboat after desperate resistance by its outnumbered and outgunned defenders led by Gens. Belarmino and Jose Paua. During the American occupation, Legaspi reverted back into a municipality becoming the capital in 1908. On December 12, 1945, during World War II, the Japanese Kimura Detachment landed and occupied Legaspi City which was only defended by the Philippine Constabulary unit of Maj. Francisco Sandico. On April 1, 1945, the U.S. 158th Regiment liberated the city. On July 18, 1948, Legaspi, including the town of Daraga, became a city for the second time by virtue of Republic Act No. 306. On June 8, 1954, it was recreated as a municipality Legaspi became a city for the third time on June 12, 1959 by virtue of Republic Act No. 5525. A RESEARCH WORK ON URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND LEGAZPI CITY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT | Palevino,MO
The Raegan Barracks of Philippine Scouts, now Camp Simeon Ola
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The old St. Raphael Church (it was rebuilt after WWII)
Saint Raphael Church

From 1587 to 1616 the spiritual administration of this town was under Cagsawa. The church together with several houses was burned in 1754. The eruption of Mayon Volcano on February 1, 1814, destroyed the new church and half of the town. In 1856 the old name Pueblo Viejo was officially changed to Legazpi. The present church was built in 1834, mainly through the generosity of Pedro Romer
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Plaza Rizal
In 1924, under the administration of Municipal President Crispin de la Torre, the Citizen Committee on Rizal monument headed by Juaquin San Agustin erected the first Rizal monument, executed by the sculpture Tomas Zamora. Forty two years later, in 1966 under the administration of City Mayor Luis S. Los Baos, the citizen committee on parks and playgrounds headed by Pura Jeda Los Baos converted the monument site to a central park of Legazpi Port District. Arch. Everardo N. Napay executed the architectural design with its towering fountain as the center piece. In 1997, under the dynamic leadership of City Mayor Imelda C. Roces, first lady mayor of Legazpi City and with the able support of the Sangguniang Panglunsod, vigorous renovation and upgrading works. Designed along simple times by the City Engineers office, the park spreading over 750 sq. m. was renovated with the ambiance and character of an urban luxury.
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Plaza Rizal Development

1924 Rizal Monument Committee Municipal Institution Capinpin De La Tore -Erection of the very first Rizal Monument. -Center piece of the Park Sculpture executed by Thomas Zamora. 1966 Rizal Park committee Pura Jeda Los Baos City Mayor Luis S. Los Baos -Relocated/reposition of the monument. -introduce the fountain as the center piece of the park. Arch. Everardo N. Napay 1980s City Government of Legazpi City Goyeto Imperial -Backfill/Garden soil, olive palms and Blue grass. 1997 City Government of Legazpi City City Mayor Imelda C. Roces Water cascades Refinish courtyard and side walks. -Introduce the wall fronting the church Plaza Rizal Arch. Reynaldo S. Acosta 2004 City Government of Legazpi City City Mayor Noel E. Rosal -Introduce the fountain by Industron -Replace park lights -Introduce articulated Architectural park lights (Geolights) -by Ramson Inductries
The steet along Albay Cathedral where Pearanda Park is presently located
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Pearanda Park
The Pearanda Park (also called Freedom Park) in the Old Albay District of Legazpi City is a plaza dedicated to the first Governor of Albay, Jose Ma. Pearanda who served from 1834-1840. Followng the traditional style of Spanish-type plazas, the Pearanda Park is surrounded by administrative and religious institutions, most notably the Albay Capitol, the Legazpi City Hall, and the St. Gregory the Great Cathedral. It is also a stones throw away from educational institutions such as the Divine World College of Legazpi as well as convention facilities such as the Albay Astrodome.
A RESEARCH WORK ON URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND LEGAZPI CITY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT | Palevino,MO
The Albay Capitol
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Saint Gregory the Great Cathedral
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Legazpi City Decades Ago
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Legazpi City at present
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Saint Agnes Academy destroyed by american in 1945
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saint agnes academy destroyed by american in 1945
Legazpi PNR Station
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RIGHT, OLD MAPS. LEFT, OLD AERIAL VIES OF LEGAZPI CITY
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RURAL BARANGAYS
LEGAZPI CITY
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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
The City of Legazpi is currently undergoing an infrastructure and construction boom with several road and bridge projects nearing completion in and around the citys vibrant business district. The centerpiece of these projects is the new seaside Legazpi Boulevard stretching more than 4 kilometers from the Embarcadero to Barangay Lamba in the south. The scenic coastal road and seawall will take advantage of the panoramic view of deep blue Albay Gulf, the unique Kapuntukan (Sleeping Lion Hill), nearby islands, and of course, the peerless Mayon Volcano. More importantly, the new seaside road will open up the citys southern barangays: a new frontier for investments.
The Rizal road project is another road network nearing completion. Leg business zones but also in far-flung Court, Dap-Dap, Taysan roads are also almost completed.
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Aerial view of Legazpi Port District Aerial view of Legazpi Port District | Photo by Brandon Rodriguez The Estanza road opening will provide access to the highlands of Legazpi, another prime location for future investments. The new roads being built there will also directly link to the GUICADALE(Guinobatan-Camalig-Daraga-Legazpi) Development Platform a massive infrastructure project designed to create a new economic hub in the Bicol Region that is safe from the threats posed by Mayon volcano eruptions, lahar flows, flooding and tsunamis. The Estanza road opening will provide access to the highlands Estanza Road Opening | Photo by Simon Listana of Legazpi, another prime location for future investments. The Estanza Road Opening | Photo by Simon Listana new roads being built there will also directly link to the GUICADALE(Guinobatan-Camalig-Daraga-Legazpi) Development Platform a massive infrastructure project designed to create a new economic hub in the Bicol Region that is safe from the threats posed by Mayon volcano eruptions, lahar flows, flooding and tsunamis.
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The Oriental
Pacific Mall
Hotel ST. Ellis
Embarcadero de Legazpi
Legazpi Grand Terminal
Lingnon Hill
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URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND LEGAZPI CITY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

CONTENTS
I. Abstract II. Introduction III. Methods/Procedure IV. Results V. Conclusions/Discussion VI. Bibliography
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This research paper gives necessary knowledge about Legazpi City specifically its historical developments. The first part discusses about Urban Plannings principles that can be the basic knowledge on Urban Design Courses. On the second part of the research, readers will find out how Legazpi City got its name, part of its political and economical trades and the developments it undergone. Furthermore, old and recent pictures of some places in Legazpi City where provided in order for the reader for an easy visualization of what the subject i s about. At the end of the research process, an output was produced that can be used as a reference by students and other people inclined with Urban Planning.
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Urban Design is the art of creating and shaping cities and towns.it is concerned with major and minor developments of a particular area ito a more organized, more functional and more beatiful place. Interaction among several factors are being studied in this field, these factors are commonly those that cant be easily seen but affects mostly to every individual. Legazpi is a city situated in Albay and also serves as its capital that serves as the center for economy, politics, education, rising infrastructures, busy traffic flow, settlements and others. Legazpu City is composed of two major districts, (Old) Albay District and Legazpi District. The main focus of this research is to relate and recognize various ideas of urban design as applied in Legazpi City.
Methodology
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The methodology used in preparing this research is thru collection and organization of existing data. The internet and some related published resources were used. The information gathered were then organized to form an effective output.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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At the end of the research process, an output was produced that is about principles of urban design. Urbanism, design excellence and scale, connection + context are the major principles used. Legazpi Citys Historical Development was also discussed and it has been found that its various development was affected by several events that may not altered but can be studied very well to make an effective plan and help its people adapt with the changes that is affected cy the environment, calamities, technology and the its people.
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Bibliography
http://www.urbandesign.org/ http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Principles_of_Urban_Design.pdf www.neda5.net/rdc.../legazpi_city/history.htm www.legazpicity.gov.ph/offices_depts.php? wowlegazpi.com/history-of-legazpi-city/
Albay Provincial Library, Legazpi City Economic Profile 1973, prepared by Development Planning Division City Mayor of Legazpi City
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A Research Work On Urban Design Principles and Legazpi City Historical Development

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Bicol University College of Engineering Department of Architecture Legazpi City

AR. DEALCA, RAMON E.

Community Architecture and Urban Design

WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN?

Community Architecture and Urban Design

FACTORS OF URBAN DESIGN

Community Architecture and Urban Design

URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Principle B DESIGN EXCELLENCE

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Principle C SCALE, CONNECTION + CONTEXT

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Mayon Volcano, June 27, 1928

The old Cagsawa Church

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

The Raegan Barracks of Philippine Scouts, now Camp Simeon Ola

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Saint Raphael Church

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Plaza Rizal Development

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

The Albay Capitol

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Saint Gregory the Great Cathedral

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Legazpi City Decades Ago

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Legazpi City at present

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Saint Agnes Academy destroyed by american in 1945

Community Architecture and Urban Design

saint agnes academy destroyed by american in 1945

Legazpi PNR Station

Community Architecture and Urban Design

RIGHT, OLD MAPS. LEFT, OLD AERIAL VIES OF LEGAZPI CITY

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Hotel ST. Ellis

Legazpi Grand Terminal

Community Architecture and Urban Design

URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND LEGAZPI CITY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Community Architecture and Urban Design

Community Architecture and Urban Design

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