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PIERS Proceedings, Moscow, Russia, August 1923, 2012

Novel Microstrip-fed UWB Antenna with CSRR Slot for Signal Rejection in 56 GHz Band
S. Raghavan, A. Subbarao, and M. Ramaraj National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India

Abstract A compact microstrip-fed antenna is proposed for Ultra-wide band applications.

The antenna has compact size of 25 30 mm2 . The antenna has 10 dB impedance bandwidth from 2.7 GHz to 12 GHz. Details of antenna are presented with parametric study. The antenna has consistent gain and stable radiation pattern. Later, the design was modied with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) slot to avoid interference from 56 GHz WLAN band. The antenna is analyzed with method of moment based Ie3D electromagnetic solver. The results meet standard specications.

1. INTRODUCTION

Ultra-wide band (UWB) technology has become more popular due to various applications such as ground penetrating radar, medical imaging and sensor networks [13]. Antenna is key component in UWB systems and its design has become challenging task for antenna designers. The antenna should also be compact and easily be integrated with RF and microwave circuitry. The antenna should be designed with stable radiation pattern and broad impedance bandwidth. Federal Communication commission (FCC) has assigned a frequency bandwidth of 3.110.6 GHz for commercial UWB applications. Several wideband antennas like log periodic, bow-tie and vivaldi antennas [4, 5] were designed for UWB communications. But, they are unable to be integrated with low prole RF circuitry. Several broad band antennas such as pentagonal, stacked patch and plate antennas [6 8] have been designed for UWB communications. They have large bandwidth, simple structure and stable radiation pattern. But, there is a disadvantage in these antennas that the radiator is perpendicular to ground layer, which increases the size of antenna. Printed planar structures have become popular for design of UWB antenna due to wide bandwidth and ease of fabrication and low cost. Recently, printed monopole antenna has been designed [9]. But, it has large size of 100 85 mm2 . The antenna design is specied and parametric study is performed to observe the eects of various geometrical parameters of antenna. The radiation pattern and gain are discussed. The antenna design is modied with CSRR slot to reject WLAN band to avoid interference signals.
2. ANTENNA DEDIGN

The antenna is printed on FR4 substrate with dielectric permittivity of 4.4, thickness of 1 mm as shown in Figure 1. The antenna is fed by microstrip feed. The feed has width of 2 mm and height of 10.5 mm to obtain 50 impedance characteristic. The microstip feed has SMA connector at its end. The antenna has compact size of 25 30 mm2 . The antenna has half circular shaped slot at the top of ground plane to provide wide impedance bandwidth. The parameters of antenna are optimized to obtain wide impedance matching over UWB. The various optimized parameters are W = 25 mm, W1 = 11.5 mm, W2 = 2 mm, W3 = 4.62 mm, W4 = 2 mm, W5 = 5.8 mm, L = 30 mm, L1 = 10.5 mm, L2 = 0.7 mm, L3 = 4.9 mm, L4 = 4.45 mm, L5 = 2.4 mm, r = 11 mm, M = 2 mm, N = 3.5 mm. A rectangular slot is etched at lower middle of ground to provide better impedance matching between 4 GHz and 7 GHz.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The proposed antenna is simulated and optimized with method of moment based Ie3D electromagnetic solver. The return loss response of the antenna is shown in Figure 2(a). The curve indicates that the antenna has operating bandwidth from 2.7 GHz to 12 GHz which covers entire UWB. The antenna has three resonant frequencies 3.75 GHz, 6.86 GHz and 8.4 GHz. The Ultra-wide bandwidth is achieved due to overlapping between these three resonant frequencies. Parametric study is performed on antenna to observe the eect of sensitive parameters of antenna. Figure 2(b) shows the eect of dierent lengths L2 on return loss. When L2 decreases from 1.3 mm to 0.1 mm, rst and second resonant frequencies increase. The impedance matching becomes poor at higher frequencies, which result in the reduction of bandwidth.

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Moscow, Russia, August 1923, 2012 637

(a)

(b)

Figure 1: Structure of proposed antenna. (a) Front view. (b) Back view.

(a)

(b)

Figure 2: (a) Return loss of proposed antenna against frequency. (b) Eect of height L2 on return loss.

Figure 3 presents the change in return loss for various radii r of half circular slot in ground plane. When r increases from 10 mm to 12 mm, impedance becomes poor at higher frequencies and resonant frequencies also change. Hence, the antenna has better impedance matching with UWB at r = 11 mm. It is concluded from Figure 3 that the antenna has good impedance matching at r = 11 mm. The gain of antenna is shown in Figure 4. The antenna has reasonably good constant gain in the operating band. Figures 5(a) and 5(b) present radiation patterns of proposed antenna at 3.75 GHz, 6.86 GHz and 8.48 GHz in both E-plane and H-planes respectively. The antenna has monopole-like radiation pattern in E-plane and the pattern is not distorted even at higher frequencies. The antenna has omni-directional radiation pattern in H-plane. The antenna has almost 80% eciency in the operating bandwidth. The compact size, stable radiation pattern make the antenna suitable for UWB applications.
4. BAND NOTCHED DESIGN

The band-notched UWB antenna is important to avoid interference from in 56 GHz WLAN band. The proposed antenna shown in Figure 1 is modied to include circular CSRR slot in hexagonal patch to reject the WLAN band and is presented in Figure 6. The optimized dimensions of CSRR

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PIERS Proceedings, Moscow, Russia, August 1923, 2012

Figure 3: Eect on return loss for dierent slot radii r.

Figure 4: Gain of antenna against frequency.

(a)

(b)

Figure 5: Radiation pattern at 3.75 GHz, 6.86 GHz, 8.48 GHz in (a) E-plane. (b) H-plane.

Figure 6: Band notched antenna design.

Figure 7: Return loss of band-notched antenna.

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slot are r1 = 3 mm, r2 = 1.3 mm, s = 1 mm, d = 0.8 mm. The Figure 7 shows that the 10 dB impedance bandwidth of band-notched UWB antenna is from 3.1 GHz to 12 GHz with rejected WLAN band of 56 GHz. It conrms rejection of interference signals from WLAN band.
5. CONCLUSIONS

A hexagonal monopole antenna with a half circular slot in ground plane is presented for UWB applications. The antenna has compact size of 25 30 mm2 and it can be easily integrated with microwave circuitry with low cost. The antenna has operating bandwidth from 2.7 GHz to 12 GHz, which fully covers bandwidth specied by FCC. The antenna has consistent gain and stable radiation pattern. The antenna is modied with CSRR slot to avoid interference from 56 GHz WLAN band.
REFERENCES

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