Chinthamani Journal November Issue .Childrens Day .Jawaharlal Nehru Special .

Contents 1 Remembering Jawaharlal Nehru on November 14th . A memoir by Dr Suvarna Nalapat 2. Childrens Page.How to draw and paint birds easily? 3Music Therapy Research.Some practical points for Students to understand the cycle of activity in ResearchTheory, practice and clinical experience..

Dr Suvarna Nalapat Trust For Education and Research.

We commemorate the birthday of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, as childrens day on November 14th. Dr Suvarna Nalapat Trust pay homage to the great visionary statesman India ever had , for what he stood for and still stands for .

[Pick the date]

Remembering Bharath Rathna , Jawaharlal Nehru on November 14th Childrens Day

Dr Suvarna Nalapat
November 14th. We remember our first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, as another Childrens Day approaches. This months Journal commemorates the fond memories of Nehru. Personal memoirs:

I saw Nehru, at Pavaratti near Guruvayur, where he was addressing a big crowd from a pulpit, with Panampilly Govinda Menon (One of my fathers close friends) as the Translator. I was only a child at that time. We grew up with stories of Nationalistic fervor and a strong sense of love for Indian National Congress and Mahatma Gandhi, whom all my ancestors at Nalapat considered as the most venerable person and whom my father, a staunch Congress leader, considered as a great visionary of the Freedom struggle. Being a close associate of K.Kamaraj, right from his student days, my father was very much into politics of the Indian National Congress and Nehru was a very familiar name loved and venerated by all of us, through him. When Nehru left his physical body, I had written a poem which came up in the Nehru commemorative volume released by Mathrubhoomi weekly. When we, children put red roses on the pot that carried his ashes, our hearts were broken. Such was my personal memoirs about Nehru. People speak of dynasty rules and how Nehru family has been unjust to India. But I have a very different opinion about this. There are certain families which have consistently given up everything- both their

3 lives and property- for the sake of the Nation right from the period of Ramayana in India. We respect such dynasties, not for the genes but for what they have forsaken for the Nation. When I look at Nehru family, I find they are the only family in India which has forsaken everything for this Nation. Is there any other family or any other political leaders who have donated property worth crores of Rupees like the Anand Bhavan and Theenmurthi Bhavan with sprawling estates around- Is there any other family which has lost three lives (Sanjay Gandhi, Indira Gandhi, and Rajiv Gandhi) for the sake of the Nation? Still people do not understand the gravity of their loss and their greatness, simply because they are jealous and would like themselves to get the positions the Nehru family enjoy, both in politics and in the hearts of millions of Indians... What else is the reason for such criticism? I remember the day Indira Gandhi was assassinated. I was in the Pathology Department, Calicut... My husband, Dr Udayabhanu called and told me to take Govindan Kutti Nairs taxi and come home immediately and that he is rushing to take back our son from lower Primary school since the school authorities had informed him that the school is closing straight away. When we reached home and eagerly opened the Television to know what had happened, we saw a small boy standing near the grandmothers coffin and trying to fan away the flies sitting on her corpse. The expression of that little face haunted me day and night. Such a sad experience for a small boy! He was keeping his little fingers near the grandmothers nose and trying to find whether she is breathing still. A little hope for that child still existed that the grandmother might open her eyes and call him lovingly!! My eyes were wet because I could experience what was happening in his little mind, I too had lost my grandmothers love at a very young age, but not so cruelly! The second experience of totally unexpected death in the family that of Rajiv Gandhi- was too much for the family. Still the family has withstood such experiences and continues its service to the nation. I find this a great strength of purpose and a positive outlook towards life. I congratulate both Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi for what they are doing for the Nation with all such experiences. Instead of finding fault, if only we could understand others, how beautiful and lovable this world will become? I would like the next generation of children at least, to be more compassionate and understanding and never to point a finger of accusation, while one is steeped in many wrong doings.The other criticism people have about Nehru is on his relation with Edwina Mountbatten. It is just a personal matter for a human being whether one is in love with another human being. As long as the personal likes and dislikes does not interfere with the society and the wellbeing of the society, one can ignore such gossips. What proof do the people have to show that Nehru had an illicit relation with her? To have a good companion and a friend in a woman is not that taboo. Friendship cross the barrier of gender.

Nehrus views on Peasant Revolts:

Writing on the peasant Revolt and Indian Nationalism, Gyan Pandey 1 observes that the peasants action at Awadh received wide publicity in the Nationalist press, after Jawaharlal Nehru had been drawn into the Munshiganj events of 7 January.The subtle variations in the language and means of execution of Gandhis Swaraj and Nehruvian socialism is not contradictory but complementary to each other.For example the peasants of Awad Kisan congress had a conference in Rai Bareli on 15th January 1921 and thousands of peasants practiced non-co-operation by travelling ticketless in trains and said that that is passive Resistance.In February 1921 Gandhi advised and instructed them to refrain from such actions and Nehru went along with Gandhi.Several years after the incident Nehru wrote : The kisans took to travelling in trains in large numbers without tickets, especially when they had to attend their periodical big mass meetings which sometimes consisted of sixty or seventy thousand people. It was difficult to move them, and unheard of thing, they openly defied the railway authorities, telling them that the old days were gone. At whose instigation they took to the free mass travelling I do not know. We had not suggested it to them.We suddenly heard that they were doing it.2 This shows both Gandhi and Nehru were against such activities, alike.A law-abiding people cannot have such free travel in public property funded by the public money.Presiding at the Rai Bareli District Political Conference, Jawaharlal seconded Gandhi.The meeting appealed to tenants and landlords to live in harmony, pay the rents and keep the welfare of the entire country in view. Peasants in Faizabad Division were asked to give up organizing

5 meetings and disturbances and leave it to Gandhi , allow Gandhi to win swaraj .In the interest of the Unity which is more important, the struggles which are between local authorities have to be abandoned. How much this lesson we have to learn still? Still we are having local regional struggles and we are losing Unity of people on basis of states, languages, castes, religions, party politics and many more. For National growth and development we, as a people, have to understand the importance of National Unity. Nehru summed up the position of the Taluqdars in his 3Autobiography:The Taluqdars and zamindars had been the spoilt children of the British Government.But that Government had succeeded by the special education and training it provided or failed to provide for them,in reducing them, as a class ,to a state of complete intellectual impotence.They did nothing at all for their tenantry,such as landlords in other countries have to some extent often done,and became complete parasites on the land and people.Their chief activity lay in endeavoring to placate the local officials ,without whose favor they could not exist for long and demanding ceaselessly a protection their special interests and privileges.Yet , the congress leaders looked to their landlord brothers for support of their greater struggle that was raging against the British, observes the author Gyan Pandey in his article.Gandhi and Nehru recognized and indeed stressed that the Awadh peasant movement was anterior to and independent of the Non-cooperation movement ,though there is evidence too of the interaction between the two and the strength one lent to the other.Hesitantly the Congress leaders were drawn into the conflict between the peasants and their oppressors.In the end, they came to the view that if the peasants movement which was turning violent , was allowed to continue , it might hinder the development of the National goals . We, as a free Nation also should be able to recognize that any violent movement in the country, whoever is responsible for it, is against our National Interests .A free, harmonious existence of peace, compassion, love based on Non-violence is the ultimate which every citizen, every Nation strives for to achieve. Only in such an atmosphere total and perfect Development is possible, whether for the individual or for communities, societies and for arts and sciences. The interests of the Larger Nation and of the Global world, the need for a Unity among diversity and National and Global levels is thus essential for all Nations of the world. The regional, local, sectarian differences and struggles should end for a greater National and Global Unity and Peace. Whether articulated by a Gandhi, as in his Hind Swaraj, or a Nehru, as in JawaharlalsSocialist phase, or by the humblest Nationalist sympathizer like me or you, the idea of Swaraj is the dream for a classless and peaceful, equalitarian society with equal responsibilities and equal rights alike.No one can shun those responsibilities and no one is devoid of those rights, as envisaged by our Constitution, envisaged by visionaries like Ambedkar. Increased participation of all citizens in the making of decisions that affected them is for reducing burdens of all and for a peaceful co-existence through equality in education and other opportunities.The question How best,we ,a s a free Nation organize and function to bring this about is all about Democracy. Therefore, when we look back, we have to look at us in the present, and also have a vision of what our Nation has to achieve in the future .This is why Nehrus Birthday as Childrens Day is all about. We have our dreams in the children of the Nation. Let them grow up as responsible citizens and love this ancient land of wisdom , of prosperity and Dharma .Let them grow up as loving compassionate citizens loving all living creatures as parts of a whole-The Advaitha in dwaitha, the Unity in Diversity is our heritage, our legacy.

6 Indias foreign Policy and Nehru:-

I have heard people criticizing Nehru for his foreign policies. I did some research on this matter and I will just quote some pages from the Book Indias Foreign Policy4 for those who have misgivings about how transparent were Nehrus intentions in Foreign policy. Nehru Liaquat Agreement on 8th April 1950 was made following communal riots in East Pakistan and migration of large number of Non-Muslims to India following the riots.Liaquat Ali, rejected Nehrus request that both the Prime ministers should visit the area together .He agreed to meet Nehru in New Delhi on and the Pact was signed. The Pct declared that both the Governments wish to emphasise that the allegiance and loyalty of the minorities is to the State of which they are citizens, and it is to the Governments of their own states that they should look for the redress of their grievances. The entire text of the Pact is given in the Book. (Pages 88) The issue of Cashmere and Jammu and the Truce agreement or a Communique containing principles thereof as agreed upon by both the Governments and the Commission was made public.(page163)The view of Nehru when troops were simultaneously withdrawn from Jammu and Cashmere by both India and Pakistan : (1948):- The Prime Minister felt that it was Faculty in requesting the simultaneous withdrawal of the two armies in as much as the Pakistani army was there illegally.Mr Korbel, the Chairman of the Commission, Indian troops can start withdrawal only after Pakistan starts withdrawing the army as advised by the commission. They knew what the Prime Minister of India said was true, but said; their attempt was to provide an earnest of the good faith of the two parties. (17th August 1948) .Remember, this is just one year after Indias Independence. (Page 165) Extracts from the Graham Report dated 28th March 1958. In its resolution of 2.12.1957, the Security Council had requested Frank P Graham, UN Representative to India and Pakistan, to make recommendations for appropriate actions with aview to making progress towards the implementation of the resolutions of the UN commission for India and Pakistan of 13th August 1948. And January 5th 1949 and towards a peaceful settlement.He held discussions with Nehru and Krishnamenon and Morarji Desai in New Delhi and with Malik Feroz khan ,M S A Baig and Din Mohammad in Karachi.He noted in his report that the position of the territory of Jammu Cashmere is of a peculiar nature and its sovereignty rests with the State of Jammu and Cashmere but the full exercise of that sovereignty is limited under the resolution by 1. The surveillance of a UN organ and 2. The commitment of India that their forces remain within the ceasefire line.pages,317-319) It was based on Grahams report the feasibility of keeping a UN peacekeeping force on Pakistani side of the border was taken.A renewed declaration of the 17th January 1948 Resolution and respect of the ceasefire line was thus came into being by Grahams suggestions.The territory evacuated by Pakistani forces came under administration by local authorities under surveillance of UN commission. (Page 320)India objected to this view that Jammu and Cashmere was a no mans land and how it had been under the Indian administration for long periods in history. On 5th March 1959 USA agreed to give military aid to Pakistan and on March 13th Nehru laid on the Table of Parliament the full text of the document(page 325) By 13th March 1965 and 20th April 1965 we find the Activities of the China-Pakistan Joint Boundary Demarcation commission and how Indian territory was being encroached upon by her neighbors.(This China-Pakistan joint communiqu was signed by

7 Marshal Chen yi and Zulfikkar Ali Bhutto.(pp 329) By 1958 Chou en Lai has started to express concern over the Tibetan issue in Kalimpong .The agreement between Pakistan and China, the US force aid for Pakistan and to Chiang Kai skek in Kalimpong by US had something in common .But , Nehru in his strong belief in Panchaseel and in honest friendship did not foresee what was coming his way , as a China India war . As Nehru himself said in his closing speech in Asian-African Conference of April 1955 I wish to speak no ill of anybody.In Asia all of us have many faults as countries, as individuals . Can we criticize him for that ? How many of us can foresee such an incident , if we were in that position ? I know the difficulties a small scale Administrator in a small Department faces in day to day administration .And I can imagine the thousands of Administrative problems Nehru had to attend to , being the Prime Minister of a Nation which is big both geographically, in Population and diversity of cultures. And if he thought every other person must be as honest and good as he himself is , he may be branded not a good Administrator, but a very good honest individual. In a world of Autocrats and dishonest but able administrators both in small and big Institutions, Departments, and Nations we have to think of Nehru as a good honest person and one who had an ideology which was primarily for the good of the Nation, not for Himself. Nishkamakarmayogi was a term used by Gita and if Gandhi was a Nishkamakarmayogin, Nehru can at least be rated as one who was striving to become one . The letters between Chou en Lai and Nehru (page 483-503) should be read to understand Nehrus position more clearly.I will just quote one paragraph from his letter to Chinese Prime Minister (on 21st December 1959) .: I would not like to end this letter to you without referring to the sentiments which you have expressed in your last paragraph.I am in entire agreement with you that the principle concern of longterm peaceful construction to lift ourselves from our present state of backwardness.India has welcomed the fact that there is some lowering of world tensions and that the world situation is developing in a direction favourable to peace.It is for this last reason , even apart from the imperative need to improve the relations between our two countries, that in spite of all recent events I have continually stressed the need for a peaceful settlement of our problems. With kind regards .(Page 600-601).This reflects not only the policy of Nehru but of entire India , in matters regarding relationships. Socialism and Nehru Policy :-

On 9 December 1958, in a debate in Lok Sabha Nehru said that it is completely incorrect to call Indias policy as Nehru Policy.5 He said , all he had done was to give voice to that policy and was not the originator of it.It is a policy inherent in the circumstances of India , inherent in the past thinking of India,inherent in the whole mental outlook of India ,inherent in the conditioning of the Indian mind during our struggle for freedom, and inherent in the circumstances of world today. He said that he came in by the mere accidental fact that during those few years he had represented that policy as Foreign Minister. He was convinced that whoever was in charge of that position and whatever party was in power in India, could not have deviated very much from that policy .It represents every circumstance that goes towards making the thought of India on the subjects in question. Nehru spoke about Panchaseel in Lok Sabha on 17 September 1955 and at civic reception of Bulganin and Khrushchev at Calcutta on 30 November 1955. He said : The biggest idea that has gradually evolved in peoples minds all over the world is the futility of the war.War does not solve any problems. All

8 problems should be approached peacefully to be solved .Indias contribution in this matter was the panchseel. Peaceful coexistence is the idea behind panchseel.Peaceful settlements and Noninterference political,economic,ideological- is an important part of it .Conception of Panchseel means that there may be different ways of progress, possibly different outlooks, but broadly the ultimate objective is the same.Truth is not confined to one country, or one people alone .Each country, each people, each person has a way of enquiring truth and if they are true and honest themselves they are likely to find it too.Nehru , in that speech on Panchaseel spoke on Gandhi : Apart from what Mahathma Gandhi did for us or did not do, the development of this country under his leadership was organic.It was something which fitted in with the spirit and thinking of India .The idea of panchseel lays down the very important truth that each nation must ultimately fend for itself.I am not thinking in terms of military fending, but in terms of striving intellectually,morally,spiritually, and in terms of opening out all our windows to ideas from others , and learning from the experiences of othersPanchaseel rests on equality,mutual respect and peaceful co-existence and rules out aggression and internal interference..From this it has naturally followed that we should keep ourselves free from military or like other allaiances and from the great power groups that dominate the world. It is in no spirit of pride or arrogance that we pursue our own independent policy.we welcome association and friendship from all and the flow of thought and ideas of all kinds , but we reserve the right to choose our own path. This is the essence of panchseel. The Nehruvian Socialistic policies during the first few years of Independence saw unprecedented develop in all sectors, especially in Agricultural self sufficiency .Food self sufficiency with proper agricultural development was Nehrus vision and the co-operative movement during the postindependent years was very strong. At present agriculture is neglected.With a growing population, lack of food and nutrition, which in turn brings in lack of immunity and multitudes of diseases in its turn, and loss of national exchequer on curative medicine (drugs which again cause toxic side effects) , I sometimes wonder where we Indians are heading . India is an agricultural country,most of its land masses are naturally fertile due to the climatic and geographic environmental peculiarities .If we are thoughtful enough to produce more food in those geographical areas, and develop industries in areas where climate for food production is not so conducive, and if only we stop our greed for possessing land and houses for every single person of an enormously multiplying population That is a wish which I have and voice everywhere possible, knowing quite well that people are not concerned with the National welfare and want everything their own way. The enlightened citizenship for my country is a farfetched dream of mine.

References:

1 Subaltern Studies .Writings on South Asian History and Society.Ed Ranjit Guha . Peasant Revolt and Indian Nationalism :The peasant Movement in Awadh.1919-1922 by Gyan Pandey .Oxford University Press Third Impression 1997. 2.Ibid page 157 ,Ref 27;Nehru,op.cit,p.59.

9 3.Ibid page 161 ,Ref 36; Nehru ,op.cit,p 58. 4 Select documents on Indias foreign policy and Relations 1947-1972 Volume 1. A. Appaadorai. Hon.Professor Jawaharlal Nehru Uty . Oxford Uty Press 1982. 5. Lok Sabha Documents (LSD) ,Second series ,Vol XX111,1-12 December 1958.col.3961;IFP

Childrens Day special Page

CHILDRENS PAGE :

How to Draw Birds and paint ? Simple Techniques.

10

Interactive Music Therapy and Music Therapy Research How theory ,practice and experience are integrated in Research ?

Interactive Music Therapy is positive approach and is very much suitable for children in all stages of development whether of normal intelligence or with special healthcare needs. The different psychological models used in Interactive Music Therapy are: 1 Guided Imagery of the Bonny Model 2. Analytical model of Priestly

11 3 Creative Music Therapy 4. Free improvisation model 5. Behavioural Music Therapy

All these were used in my Research process, as and when necessary and are discussed in my previous books. Music Therapy Research is an interesting and fruitful activity. The word Research means A careful or Diligent activity or search.To search or to investigate exhaustively is the other definition given for Research.Re-search is a search again and again, perpetual enquiry of a life time, in other words an Action Research (lifetime research).Thus we embark upon some new discoveries through our continuous research activities. There is a very well organized plan for research .It is disciplined and systematic enquiry. The two types of Research called Quantitative and Qualitative are to be understood by all music Therapists. Quantitative research quantifies data and employs statistics for arriving at conclusions. The quantitative approach:-CRDI or continuous response digital interface and fMRI (functional magnetic resonance interface) is used for quantifying research data and outcomes and specific and placebo tapes and double blind studies are conducted in hospitals as EBM trials . Headphones to shut out background noises and music in open space with background noise are tried and quantified for effects . The personality of the therapist and client is assessed before the trials. Controlled comparisons ,verification by replication , and metaanalysis give quantifiable data with minimum bias.Two types of styles or designs are there for single case study research. One is a quantitative case study and the other is a applied behavioral analysis.Descriptives are used to arrive at means,average ,numerical mathematical models of evaluation and thus a quantitative research protocol is statistical, descriptive and mathematical.

In experimental research two or more clients/samples are studied for comparison. For example in a clinic of Alzheimers dementia 10 cases are videotaped with 1.Long familiar songs 2.New shorter songs 3 Long familiar prose 4 New short verbal passages . Each patient is studied in 3 occasions. Percentage of words recapitulated by each was calculated . The rewinding of memory with familiar ones, the cognizance by new ones are also assessed.Thus it contains not only quantitative data but also qualitative one. What is an independent variable ? What is a dependent or changing variable ?

12 Variable means that which changes.Or that which can be changed or modified by some sort of intervention. Independent variable is that which is set up by the researcher. The client has no choice over the selection of it.The researcher deliberately makes one or the other variable , the independent one.It is the one difference between a controlled and comparable situation. And it is set by the researchers choice. These distinguish an independent variable. Dependent variable :-That which the research measures becomes the dependent variable.The variation of it is , controlled by the independent variable.Dependent variable yield information for analysis and subsequent conclusion.It is an outcome.

Qualitative research finds out a philosophy for science, and this philosophical theory of science enhance and deepen the understanding of the science and its practical implications in day to day life. It is an essential part of the process of practical research.Gaston(1968) said that the tripod of all good research consists of Theory, Clinical practice and Research , and each needs the other to stand strongly. Therefore music Therapists should not neglect these three limbs of their research.What do we mean by qualitative research which establishes a strong philosophic theory for the science ?

1.Questions arise from the prolonged clinical practice , and these problems ( formed out of experience of Medical knowledge and practice)has to be solved and addressed 2.Theory formulated to address an issue or problem or the questions, have to be tested out through proper research which leads to metascience and verifiable hypothesis. 3.The result of such research informs and shapes the further clinical practice in the discipline. This is thus a cyclical chain which perpetually improves and develops a discipline scientifically and logically,systematically. Qualitative research developed with Anthropology, ethnomusicology and has a philosophical basis and is intradisciplinery and interdisciplinary approach.It is rather transdisciplinery.Its fields crosscut all the human disciplnes and integrates all holistically. Characters of this research are 1 A natural setting 2 Design has flexibility 3 Purposeful sampling .(Those who are affected by music taken as a sample ) The data: Observations that yield detailed and in depth thick description , in-depth enquiry,client participation, experiences as case studies ,careful and exhaustive document reviews ,some of them prolonged , sometimes more than 10 years follow up of same client (thus akin to family medicine)and has a unique holistic assessment of people ,sensitive to context,being mindful of the researchers voice

13 and perspective. The process of analysis of data requires the researcher to immerse deeply in data,look for patterns,themes,relationships hitherto not described by any one.There are not many rules for such a procedure. The only reliable tool is ones own ability to observe patterns, and for cognizance of its significance. Guided by the principle underlying the research approach being used , the qualitative researcher arrives at unique discoveries of his/her own. Being there for the client/or the student to approach at any time itself gives the researcher/therapist many insights on the subject and its problems , both practical and theoretical to be dealt with.Criteria for evaluating such qualitative research was given by Stige (2003) His acronyms : Empirical solidity Presentational quality Interpretative similarity Critical awareness(self critique and social critique) Usefulness in relation to real life problems Relevance for development of descriptions Ethical transparency (EPICURE)

What we call basic Research is Foundational Research . In the case of Music Therapy this is the study on elements of music , like the rhythms, melody,raga,harmony , perception of music , how our brain processes music, musical preferences of a population and of an individual (unique),affective responses to music. Applied Research: Music Therapy is for helping the clients/patients/growing children and their parents/teachers, and clinical colleagues and doctors to better their practice outcome. This is the applied part of the research.

References: 1 Music Therapy Research .2nd Edition .Barbara Wheeler .Barcelona Publishers .2005 2Interactive Music Therapy, a positive approach (at a child center) Amelia Oldfield 3. Music Therapy in Education, administration and management .Dr Suvarna Nalapat .Readworthy Publications 2008 4 Ragachikitsa: Dr Suvarna Nalapat .Readworthy Publications. New Delhi.2008

14 5.Naadalayasindhu(Ragachikitsaamrutham). D C Books .Dr Suvarna Nalapat 2008.