----------------------------------------------------------- Simple SQL statement SELECT 'SQL Rocks'; -- Toggle Result Pane - ctrl R -- Logical Flow (PowerPoint) -- Syntax

Flow (BOL) -- Physical Flow (Query Execution Plan) -- Switch Default Database USE CHA2; SELECT * FROM Tour; -- Statement Terminator -- Batch Terminator ; GO

----------------------------------------------------------- Logical Flow - FROM Clause /* SELECT * FROM tables(s) subqueries (as derived tables) AS NamedRangeAlias common table expressions (CTE) views table-valued user-defined functions distributed data sources (OpenQuery) XML data sources (XQuery) */ go

-- Fully Qualified - Four Part Name -- SELECT * -FROM Server.Database.Schema.Object; select SELECT * FROM dbo.Tour; SELECT * FROM dbo.Tour; ------------------------------------------------------------ Where Clause /* SELECT * FROM data source(s) WHERE condition */ -- a boolean condition SELECT * FROM dbo.Tour WHERE 1 = 1; -- Comparison Operator SELECT * FROM dbo.Tour WHERE TourID <= 3; -- Between SELECT * FROM dbo.Tour WHERE TourID BETWEEN 2 AND 4;

SELECT * FROM dbo.Tour WHERE TourID >= 2 AND TourID <= 4; -- In Condition SELECT * FROM dbo.Tour WHERE TourID IN (1, 3); -- (Subquery) UPDATE dbo.BaseCamp 'Ashville'; UPDATE dbo.BaseCamp 'Cape Hatteras'; UPDATE dbo.BaseCamp 'Freeport'; UPDATE dbo.BaseCamp 'Ft Lauderdale'; UPDATE dbo.BaseCamp 'West Virginia'; SET Region = 'NC' WHERE Name = SET Region = 'NC' WHERE Name = SET Region = 'BA' WHERE Name = SET Region = 'FL' WHERE Name = SET Region = 'WV' WHERE Name =

SELECT * FROM dbo.BaseCamp WHERE Region IN ('NC', 'WV'); -- Like Condition /* multiple characters % single character _ match in range [ ] match not in range [^ ] */ SELECT * FROM dbo.BaseCamp WHERE Name LIKE 'F%';

SELECT * FROM dbo.Customer WHERE LastName LIKE '%son'; SELECT * FROM dbo.Customer WHERE FirstName LIKE '[ABC]%'; SELECT * FROM dbo.Customer WHERE FirstName LIKE '[^ABC]%'; -- Multiple Conditions SELECT * FROM dbo.Customer WHERE CustomerTypeID = 1 OR FirstName LIKE 'Dav%' AND CustomerID = 14; SELECT * FROM dbo.Customer WHERE (CustomerTypeID = 1 OR FirstName LIKE 'Dav%') AND CustomerID = 14; ----------------------------------------------------------- Columns, Expressions Scalar Functions SELECT 'Expression' as Alias, 123 as [Order] /* Expressions

Numeric constants 1, 2, 3 String literals 'LastName', 'Employee: ', 'Life''s Great!' Dates '1/6/80 ', 'Jan 6, 1980', '19800106' Mathematical operators *, /, % (remainder), +, -(in order of precedence) String operator (concatenation) + Bitwise operators and &, or |, exclusive or ^, not ~ Columns LastName, PrimaryKeyID Case Expressions CASE Column1 WHEN 1 THEN 'on' ELSE 'off' END AS Status Subqueries User-defined variables Global variables Scalar functions SysUser() User-defined functions */ (Select 3) @MyVariable @@Error GetDate(), dbo.MyUDF()

-- Addition vs. Concatenation SELECT 123 + 456 as Addition, '123' + 'abc' as Concatenation ----------------------------------------------------------- CASE Expressions -- Simple CASE Expression

USE OBXKites SELECT CustomerTypeName, [Default], CASE [Default] WHEN 1 THEN 'default type' WHEN 0 THEN 'alternate' ELSE '-' End as AssignStatus From dbo.CustomerType -- Boolean Case Expression /* CASE WHEN BooleanCondition THEN Expression WHEN BooleanCondition THEN Expression ... ELSE Expression END AS Alias -- from KillTheCursor! UPDATE dbo.Detail SET AdjAmount = DWM.Multiplier * ClientType.Multiplier * CASE WHEN Formula = 1 AND ExecOverRide = 0 THEN BaseRate * Amount * BaseMultiplier WHEN (Formula = 1 OR Formula = 3 )AND ExecOverRide = 1 THEN BaseRate * Amount WHEN Formula = 2 THEN BaseRate * Amount * (SELECT Value FROM dbo.Variable WHERE Name = 'AccRate') WHEN (Formula = 3 AND ExecOverRide = 0) THEN Amount * BaseMultiplier

END FROM Detail JOIN ActionCode ON Detail.ActionCode = ActionCode.ActionCode JOIN [Order] ON [Order].OrderID = Detail.OrderID JOIN Client ON [Order].ClientID = Client.ClientID Join ClientType ON Client.ClientTypeID = ClientType.ClientTypeID JOIN DayOfWeekMultiplier DWM ON CAST(DatePart(dw,[Order].TransDate) as SMALLINT) = DWM.DayOfWeek WHERE AdjAmount IS NULL */ ----------------------------------------------------------- Working with Nulls SELECT 1 + NULL -- IS NULL -- WHERE Expression IS NULL SELECT CASE WHEN Null = NULL THEN 'True' ELSE 'False' END as '=null' SELECT CASE WHEN Null IS NULL THEN 'True' ELSE 'False' END as ' IS null' -- Is Null

USE CHA2 SELECT FirstName, LastName, Nickname FROM Customer WHERE NickName IS NULL ORDER BY LastName, FirstName SELECT FirstName, LastName, Nickname FROM Customer WHERE NickName IS NOT NULL ORDER BY LastName, FirstName -- Coalesce() SELECT COALESCE(NULL, 1+NULL, 1+2, 'abc') ----------------------------------------------------------- Scalar Functions -- Server Environment Functions SELECT GETDATE() SELECT GETDATE() AS 'Date', DB_NAME() AS 'Database' SELECT @@SERVERNAME SELECT SERVERPROPERTY SERVERPROPERTY SERVERPROPERTY SERVERPROPERTY ('ServerName') AS ServerName, ('Edition') AS Edition, ('EngineEdition') AS EngineEdition, ('ProductLevel') AS ProductLevel

-- User Information Functions SELECT USER_NAME() AS 'User', SUSER_SNAME() AS 'Login', HOST_NAME() AS 'Workstation', APP_NAME() AS 'Application'

-- Date/Time Functions SELECT DATENAME(YEAR, GETDATE()) AS YEAR UPDATE Guide SET DateOfBirth = '9/4/58' WHERE lastName = 'Frank' SELECT LastName, DATENAME(yy,DateOfBirth) AS [Year], DATENAME(mm,DateOfBirth) AS [Month], DATENAME(dd,DateOfBirth) AS [Day], DATENAME(WEEKDAY, DateOfBirth) AS BirthDay FROM Guide WHERE DateOfBirth IS NOT NULL SELECT DATEPART(DayofYear, GETDATE()) AS DayCount SELECT DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) AS DayWeek -- Date Math SELECT DATEDIFF(yy,'2005/10/22', GETDATE()) AS MarriedYears, DATEDIFF(dd,'2005/10/22', GETDATE()) AS MarriedDays SELECT DATEADD(hh,100, GETDATE()) AS [100HoursFromNow] USE Family SELECT Person.FirstName + ' ' + Person.LastName AS Mother, DATEDIFF(yy, Person.DateOfBirth, Child.DateOfBirth) AS Age,Child.FirstName FROM Person JOIN Person Child

ON Person.PersonID = Child.MotherID ORDER By Age DESC -- Paul's Recommended Date/time code: -- return datetime - date only / midnight time SELECT DATEADD(day, DATEDIFF(day, '20040101', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), '20040101') -- extract date only as string SELECT Convert(CHAR(10), CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 101 ) -- extract time only as string (with seconds) SELECT substring(Convert(CHAR(19), CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 120 ),12,8) -- extract time only as string (without seconds) SELECT substring(Convert(CHAR(19), CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 120 ),12,5) -- String Functions SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg', 3, 2) SELECT STUFF('abcdefg', 3, 2, '123') SELECT STUFF('123456789', 4, 0, '-') SELECT STUFF(STUFF('123456789', 4, 0, '-'), 7, 0, '-') SELECT CHARINDEX('c', 'abcdefg', 1) SELECT PATINDEX('%[cd]%', 'abdcdefg') SELECT RIGHT('Nielsen',2) AS [Right], LEFT('Nielsen',2) AS 'Left'

SELECT LEN('Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious') AS LEN SELECT RTRIM(' middle earth ') AS [RTrim], LTRIM(' middle earth ') AS [LTrim] Select UPPER('one TWO tHrEe') AS [UpperCase], LOWER('one TWO tHrEe') AS [LowerCase] -- Data Type Conversions SELECT CAST('Away' AS NVARCHAR(5)) AS 'Tom Hanks' SELECT CAST(123 AS NVARCHAR(15)) AS Int2String SELECT GETDATE() AS RawDate, CONVERT (NVARCHAR(25), GETDATE(), 100) AS Date100, CONVERT (NVARCHAR(25), GETDATE(), 1) AS Date1 SELECT STR(123,5,2) AS [Str] ----------------------------------------------------------- Order By -- Column name or alias SELECT FirstName, LastName as Last FROM dbo.Customer ORDER BY Last, FirstName; -- Column Expression SELECT LastName + ', ' + FirstName as name FROM dbo.Customer ORDER BY LastName + ', ' + FirstName; -- Ordinal Position SELECT *

FROM dbo.Customer ORDER BY 3, 2; SELECT * FROM dbo.Event ORDER BY DateBegin DESC; ----------------------------------------------------------- Predicates -- [All] Distinct SELECT ALL FirstName FROM dbo.Customer WHERE FIRSTNAME IN ('David', 'Gary', 'Melissa') ORDER BY FirstName SELECT DISTINCT FirstName FROM dbo.Customer WHERE FIRSTNAME IN ('David', 'Gary', 'Melissa') ORDER BY FirstName -- Top SELECT TOP 5 * FROM dbo.Customer WHERE CustomerTypeID IS NOT NULL ORDER BY CustomerTypeID SELECT TOP 5 WITH TIES * FROM dbo.Customer WHERE CustomerTypeID IS NOT NULL ORDER BY CustomerTypeID