SUBJECTS MILITARY ART STABILITY AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS 1.

The main characteristics that describe in detail the environment of an operation are: a. general conditions; b. circumstances; c. influences that affect the employment of capabilities and the decisions of the commanders. 2. The principal influences that affect the environment of an operation refer to: a. science and technology; b. crowded environment makes hard to avoid collateral casualties during hostilities between antagonists; c. most of the operations will be conducted among the people and outcomes will be measured in terms of effects on populations; d. fluidity, with continually changing coalitions, alliances, partnerships, and actors; 3. During SASO unconventional or asymmetric methods by some opponents posing irregular threats as fallows: a. irregular warfare carried out by terrorism b. insurgency, c. influence of some political charismatic leaders who use violence to enhance their power and control over people d. guerrilla actions 4. The social variables that influences affect the environment of an operation include: a. diverse social structures with relations among groups of persons, b. institutions, c. networks, d. industrial organizations, e. demographics and standards of living, f. literacy and nature of education g. trade 5. The geography affects the physical environment because of these factors: a. climate and weather, b. topography, c. use of nuclear, biological, chemical, and radiological weapons d. hydrology 6. During SASO that army forces interact with people at many levels. In general, the people in any operational area can be categorized as follows: a. Enemy; b. Adversary,; c. Supporter; d. Friend; e. Neutral. 1

7. People in an operational area which interact with army forces can be categorized as enemy if they are: a. a party identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized b. a combatant and is treated as such under the law of war c. potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be envisaged. d. members of the local populace who sympathize with the enemy e. a party who sympathizes with friendly forces and who may or may not provide material assistance to them f. party identified as neither supporting nor opposing friendly or enemy forces. 8. People in an operational area which interact with army forces can be categorized as adversary if they are : a. a party identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized b. a combatant and is treated as such under the law of war c. potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be envisaged. d. members of the local populace who sympathize with the enemy e. a party who sympathizes with friendly forces and who may or may not provide material assistance to them f. party identified as neither supporting nor opposing friendly or enemy forces. 9. People in an operational area which interact with army forces can be categorized as supporter if they are : a. a party identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized b. a combatant and is treated as such under the law of war c. potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be envisaged d. members of the local populace who sympathize with the enemy e. a party who sympathizes with friendly forces and who may or may not provide material assistance to them f. party identified as neither supporting nor opposing friendly or enemy forces. 10. People in an operational area which interact with army forces can be categorized as neutral if they are : a. a party identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized b. a combatant and is treated as such under the law of war c. potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be envisaged. d. members of the local populace who sympathize with the enemy. e. a party who sympathizes with friendly forces and who may or may not provide material assistance to them. f. party identified as neither supporting nor opposing friendly or enemy forces. 11. True / False: The spectrum of stability operations is defined to the nature of conflict and the level of violence involved. The spectrum of conflict spans from stable peace to general war (stable peace, unstable peace, insurgency, general war). 12. True / False: Insurgecy reflects when one or more parties threaten or use violence to achieve their objectives, stable peace degenerates into unstable peace. Unstable peace may also result 2

when violence levels decrease after violent conflict. Preventing a return to violent conflict may require peace operations. Sometimes stable peace is not immediately achievable. The goal of conflict termination is establishing conditions in which peace operations can prevent conflict from recurring and allowing the instruments of national power to work toward stable peace. 13. True / False: General war is armed conflict between major powers in which the total resources of the belligerents are employed, and the national survival of a major belligerent is in jeopardy. General war usually involves nation-states and coalitions. However, civil wars may reach this level of violence. In general war, large and heavily armed conventional forces fight for military supremacy by conducting major combat operations. These operations aim to defeat the enemys armed forces and eliminate the enemys military capability. These conflicts are dominated by large-scale conventional operations but often include guerrilla and unconventional warfare. 14. True / False: Stable peace is characterized by the absence of militarily significant violence. Activities of international actors (such as states, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations) are confined to peaceful interaction in politics, economics, and other areas of interest. Peaceful interaction may include intense competition as well as cooperation and assistance. While tensions do exist, all recognize that their interests are best achieved by means other than violence. 15. True / False: As a consequence, a major operation could be defined as a series of tactical actions (battles, engagements, strikes) conducted by combat forces of a single or several services, coordinated in time and place, to achieve strategic or operational objectives in an operational area. 16. A classification of todays operations can be reflected by grouping in four main categories: a. peace time military engagement, b. limited intervention, c. peace operations, d. peace support operations, e. irregular warfare. 17. Peace time military engagement consists of: a. Multinational training events and exercises; b. Security assistance; c. Show of force; d. Joint combined exchange training; e. Recovery operations; f. Rear operations; g. Arms control; h. Counterdrug activities. 18. Limited interventions are: Noncombatant evacuation operations; Strike; Raid; Show of force; 3

Security assistance; Foreign humanitarian assistance; Consequence management; Sanction enforcement; Elimination of weapons of mass destruction.

19. Peace operations are as follows: Peace keeping; Peace building; Peace making; Peace enforcement; Peace supporting; Conflict prevention. 20. Irregular warfare can be nominated according to the last experiences such as: support to insurgency; counterinsurgency; combating terrorism; conventional warfare; unconventional warfare. 21. True / False: Full Spectrum Operations (FSO) represents those operations that include simultaneous combinations of four elements: offense, defense, and stability or support. Each primary task has numerous associated subordinate tasks. When combined with who? (unit), when? (time), where? (location), and why? (purpose), the primary tasks become mission statement. 22. Primary Tasks for Stability Operations are: a. civil security; b. civil control; c. restore essential services; d. support to governance; e. support to insurgents; f. support to economic and infrastructure development. 23. Purposes for Stability Operations are: a. provide a secure environment; b. secure land areas; c. meet the critical needs of the populace; d. rebuilding governance infrastructure; e. gain support for host-nation government; f. shape the environment for interagency and host-nation success 24. True / False: In accordance with the Armys operational concept, FSO do not describe how Army forces conduct operations. The complex nature of the operational environment doesnt requires commanders to simultaneously combine offensive, defensive, and stability or civil support tasks to accomplish missions domestically and abroad.

25. In order to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal, a comprehensive approach (CA) is a process that integrates the cooperative efforts of: a. host-nation government, b. military international forces, c. intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, d. multinational partners, and e. private sector entities to achieve. 26. True / False: A comprehensive approach (CA) is founded in the cooperative spirit of unity of effort. It is common in successful operations involving actors participating at their own discretion or present in the operational area but not acting as a member of a coalition. Integration and collaboration often avoid the diverse array of actors involved; A CA achieves unity of effort through extensive cooperation and coordination to create a shared understanding of a common goal. 27. A comprehensive approach is framed by four underlying principles: a. Accommodate. b. Understand; c. Act; d. Base on purpose; e. Cooperate. 28. True / False: Accommodate Principle of comprehensive approach: The approach accommodates the concerns and contributions of all participants; it determines appropriate priorities for resourcing and sets support relationships as required to deconflict activities. 29. True / False: Base on purpose principle of comprehensive approach: The approach is based on a cooperative effort reinforced by institutional familiarity, trust, and transparency. Communities of practice that provide forums for information sharing and concept development support cooperation among the actors involved. 30. True / False: Understand purpose principle of comprehensive approach: The approach focuses cooperative effort toward a common, purpose-based goal. The approach links discreet, yet interrelated, tasks and objectives to conditions that comprise the desired end state. 31. The end state conditions for stability operations include the following: a. A safe and secure environment; b. Established rule of law; c. Social, Cultural and Economic Improvement; d. Social well-being; e. Stable governance; f. A sustainable economy. 32. The following objectives support a safe and secure environment: a. Cessation of large-scale violence enforce; b. Public security established; c. Legitimate domination over means of violence established; d. Physical protection established; e. Access to justice ensured; 5

f. Territorial security established. 33. The following objectives support rule of law: a. Just legal frameworks established; b. Law and order enforced; c. Accountability to the law; d. Public security established; e. Access to justice ensured; f. Citizen participation promoted; g. Public security established. 34. The following objectives support social well-being: a. Access to and delivery of basic needs ensured; b. Right of return ensured; c. Stable governance; d. Transitional justice promoted; e. Peaceful coexistence supported. 35. The following objectives support a stable government: a. Accountability of leadership and institutions promoted; b. Certifying the state resources promoted; c. A sustainable economy; d. Civic participation and empowerment encouraged; e. Provision of government services supported. 36. The following objectives support a sustainable economy: a. Macroeconomic stabilization supported; b. Public security established; c. Control over illicit economy and economic-based threats to peace enforced; d. Market economy sustainability supported; e. Individual economic security supported; f. Employment supported 37. True / False: The Vehicle Check Points are a means of controlling movement on roads and tracks, and may be used to block or close a route. 38. The aims of a VCP are as follows: a. To maintain control of road movement. b. To support the local population. c. To reduce the movement of arms or explosives. d. To assist in the enforcement of controls on movement of people and material. e. To gather information on the movement and intentions of suspected persons and vehicles. 39. During peace support operations PSF usually set these types of VCPs: a. Snap (Hasty). b. Deliberate. c. Run; d. Triggered. 6

e. Reactionary. 40. True / False: A Deliberate VCPs are permanent or semi-permanent restriction VCPs which may be placed upon a main road, near a border, on the perimeter of a controlled area or on the environs of a town. 41. The main components of a VCP should include: a. A vehicle waiting area. b. A vehicle search area. c. A vehicle repairing area. d. A separate male and female personnel search area. e. A detention area. 42. True / False: A Reactionary VCP is effectively a non-lethal ambush; a snap VCP where a specific vehicle may be targeted and the troops remain hidden until the required vehicle approaches, at which point the VCP will occupy their positions extremely rapidly. This will usually be conducted on the basis of certain intelligence. Mounting a trigger VCP operation often requires additional forces to be posted covering approach routes to warn of the exact location of the relevant car. Ideally a dedicated quick reaction force needs to be available to reinforce this type of VCP and to take charge of any suspect(s) once stopped. 43. True / False: A Triggered VCP is used as a reaction to an incident (perhaps a shooting, bombing or immediate information on movements of weapons, explosives etc). All patrols will be ordered to insert snap VCPs immediately in order to freeze all traffic in the hope of catching the terrorist or obtaining valuable information on a crime, for example. 44. In order to accomplish the mission in a VCP the following elements may be found within a VCP Team: a. Road team. b. Cut-offs. c. Rear Security; d. Satellite team. 45. Road team has the primary tasks: stop vehicles, talk to drivers, check documents, and search vehicles or their occupants if the situation warrants it. The jobs within the team are as follows: a. Commander. b. Commanders cover man. c. Searcher. d. Searchers cover man. 46. The commander of VCP must consider the follows: a. The road team must be in a position where the car has sufficient time to stop. Placing the road team in a dip or immediately after barrier, for example, should be avoided. b. Cut-offs should be sited to give early warning and to prevent escaping vehicles. c. All teams must be mutually supporting. d. Areas which can easily be ambushed or which are very restricted should be avoided. Satellite teams can be used to check potential ambush locations. 7

e. VCPs should not be inserted in the same place regularly. Setting a pattern reduces the surprise factor and creates a target. 47. There are some key points need to be consider, and The following is a checklist of major factors to consider when inserting a VCP: a. Good visual check of position. b. Clear areas of possible IEDs. c. Identify and clear potential ambush sites. d. Conduct checks (5m and 20m checks) before moving into position. e. Mutual support / covering fire for all teams. f. Cut-offs must be able to warn of approaching cars and stop them if necessary. g. Cover man must protect the searcher. h. Establish drills for reaction to find of explosives, weapons or contraband. i. Ensure all soldiers are aware of ROE. j. Use satellite teams to protect the VCP. k. Good communications. 48. True / False: The Actions on a weapon or explosive find are as follows: Inform the Operations Room; Arrest/Search/Bag Find/Restrain/Reconsider ROEs; Vehicle now Scene of Crime Isolate from all (including military personnel); Cut-offs should cordon the area; Police deal with investigation or wait for further instructions from Command. 49. VCP search techniques are divided into three categories: a. Initial Check, b. Primary Search; c. Secondary Search; d. Third Search. 50. True / False: The primary search is carried out on vehicles selected for a more detailed examination, either because of intelligence received or due to suspicion aroused during the initial check. This should take about 10 minutes, and is conducted systematically by a pair of searchers. 51. True / False: Particular attention should be paid to the following, when searching Caravantype Vehicles (which are ideal for smuggling): a. Fifth wheel; b. Fuel tanks and side lockers; c. Spare Wheel; d. Crash Bar; e. Cab Linings; f. Loads. 52. For all categories of search apart from initial searches a record should be maintained and should contain: a. Details of the person searched. b. The aim of the search. 8

c. d. e. f. g. h.

The grounds for the search. The date and time of the search. The height and weight of the person searched. The location of the search. Details of anything significant found. Details of any injury to a person or damage to property, which appears to the searcher to have resulted from the search. i. Identification details of the searchers either by name or call sign. 53. What is SCRIM standing for as an effective method used to describe vehicles? a. Shape________________________________________________; b. Colour______________________________________________; c. Registration________________________________________________; d. Identifyng features________________________________________________; e. Make and model________________________________________________. 54. Military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) can be divided into three categories: a. Full-scale urban warfare; b. Low-Intensity Conflicts; c. Counterinsurgency or peace enforcement in an urban environment; d. Military operations to assist the civil power. 55. True / False: Military operations to assist the civil power takes place normally as required by a state, under legal constraints. The restraints come for military forces while dealing with the interdiction of drug smugglers, in disaster relief or for restoring the order, through the rules of engagement (ROE) by interdiction to use firepower. This level of restraint would be difficult to sustain against a more competent and combative adversary, especially against the criminal elements. 56. PSO troops must dominate the urban area, using a wide variety of tactics, to establish security and stability. Planners should consider the following principles: a. All round defense. b. Depth. c. Mutual Support. d. Show of Force. e. Communications. f. Deception. 57. The planning factors regarding Urban Operations are as follows: a. Training. b. Preparation. c. Liaison. d. Flexibility. e. Productivity. f. Human factor. g. Long term. 58. When hiring HN personnel to perform as interpreters, unit should consider the guidelines under the following steps: 9

a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

selecting interpreters; establishing rapport; orienting interpreters; establishing their family roots; preparing for presentations; conducting presentations; speaking techniques.

59. In spite the differences in funding and organization, NGOs share a common culture and interaction as part of a coalition of more than 150 NGOs engaged in humanitarian efforts respecting a number of principles: a. Independency. b. Complementarity. c. Decentralization. d. Commitment. e. Hands-on 60. Commitment Principle regarding relations of NGOs within coalition refers to: a. NGOs are focused on their mission and, working closely with their donors being oriented to the best way to achieve their goals. They tend to develop their own plans and programs independently of other organizations, tailoring their efforts according to their resource constraints and needs identified in-country; b. NGOs are usually not organized along hierarchical lines. NGOs place greater emphasis on a large number of workers, not managers. Authority is delegated downward, giving maximum flexibility to individuals operating in the field; c. NGOs believe in making a long-term commitment to a situation. Their priority is to achieve an end-state, not an exit strategy. As such, they focus on programs that deal with problems and issues that are difficult to tackle, take time, and whose progress may be all but impossible to measure in the short term; d. NGOs value field experience for their personnel. Because of pressing needs and time constraints, training frequently occurs on-the-job as make-shift remedies addressing immediate needs are created on-site. Additionally, NGOs seldom use field manuals to guide their work, field experience is seen as the greater teacher. 61. As an interface, coordinating the requirements of the host nations, NGOs, military, government agencies, UN agencies, and international organizations, the Humanitarian Operations Center (HOC), which first appeared in Somalia, has a number of functions that include: a. developing and overseeing the overall humanitarian assistance strategy; b. leading search ad rescuehumanitarian operations; c. coordinating logistics support for the various relief agencies; d. arranging common or coalition military support; e. monitoring the delivery of humanitarian assistance assets through various NGO, UN agencies, and IOs. 62. Members of the UN are required to guide their actions in accordance with some principles and to compel all natural and juridical persons under their jurisdiction to act in agreement with them. Name 5 of them: a. Non-use of Force. 10

b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

Peaceful Settlement of Disputes. Intervention in force. Nonintervention. International Cooperation. International Determination. Equal Rights and Self-Determination of Peace. Sovereign Equality of States.

63. Force projection encompasses five processes: a. mobilization, b. standardization, c. deployment, d. employment, e. sustainment, and f. redeployment. 64. True / False: An assisted entry doesnt require host-nation cooperation. In an assisted entry, initial-entry forces dont have to be tailored to deploy efficiently and transition quickly to follow-on operations. 65. True / False: In an unassisted entry, no secure facilities for deploying forces exist. The force commander should deploy balanced force packages with enough combat power to secure an adequate lodgment and perform reception, staging, onward movement, and integration. 66. True / False: A base is a locality from which operations are projected or supported. The base includes installations and facilities that provide sustainment. Bases may be joint or single Services areas. Units located within the base are under the tactical control of the base commander. 67. True / False: An Intermediate Staging Base (ISB) is a tailorable, temporary location used for staging forces, sustainment and/or extraction into and out of an operational area. At the intermediate staging base, units are unloaded from intertheater lift, reassembled and integrated with their equipment, and then moved by intratheater lift into the operational area. 68. True / False: The time required to establish a lodgment doesnt depend directly on the extent and condition of the civil and military infrastructure present in the operational area. 69. The main conditions while building a FOB are: a. protecting fence by sandbags surrounding the perimeter of the area where the base is disposed; b. high observer positions for watching the ground outside the base in order to prevent any surprising attacks; c. avoiding high buildings, hills or mountains in the neighborhood of the base where the enemy can set sniper positions or observe the activities inside; d. creating relationships with local population; e. creating covert shelters bunkers for emergencies during attacks with mortars; f. delimitating sensitive areas like dining facilities or accommodation tent zone protected by improvised means like containers, bull dozers or heavy tracks; 11

g. very reliable communication system for permanently contact with the mother base for asking the needed supplies or for medical support and evacuation or for rapid intervention by air in case of attacks when overwhelmed; h. building-up administrative infrastructure for locals; i. loudspeakers for early warning the personnel in case of any emergencies occur; 70. True / False: Normally the capacity of FOB is brigade level and supplies are provided by helicopters or by wheels when the conditions allow that. 71. Three 4-man teams can be tasked in the following way: a. One team is placed in overwatch, to fix the target house and covers another team (known as the primary team) as it approaches the building. b. The third team could conduct a deception task, such as a VCP, away from the target building but close enough to react to any incident. c. The primary team conducts the house check. d. The fourth team is in charge with media communication. 72. True / False: At least 3 teams are needed to conduct Basic Patrol System of Search, one to conduct the search, one to provide protection either by staying mobile or by going into overwatch and the third team to be able to carry out a deception task such as a VCP or a house check. 73. The Arrest Report have to contain the following information: a. Name. b. Age. c. Height. d. Weight. e. Religion. f. Address. g. Family members details. h. Arrested for? i. Time of arrest. j. Place of arrest. k. Reason of Arrest. l. Name, rank and unit of person making the arrest. m. Name, rank and unit of witnesses. n. Further action taken, i.e. Released / handed over to police/ RMP arrest team. o. Do not let any of this information be known to the arrested person 74. If patrol teams find themselves in hostile and aggressive crowds, the following actions should be taken: a. Anticipate and be aware of the areas you are entering. b. Face up to the crowd so any missiles thrown can be observed. c. Get in contact with the crowd leader and negociate. d. Avoid bunching. e. Set up a cordon and arrest the suspects. 75. Regarding Rules of Engagement, there are three important principles that govern armed conflict: 12

a. b. c. d.

military necessity, distinction, civil necessity, proportionality. 1.b 2.c 3.a

76. Which is the chronological order of: a. Operational Order; b. Warning Order; c. Fragmentary Order. Draw a line from the letters to the numbers.

77. How many paragraphs are there in an Operational Order? Please, write them down: Situation Mission Execution Logistic and service support Command and signal 78. How many Ws are there in a mission statement? Please, write them down and give us 2 examples: Who What Where When Why 79. Coordination Points can be given in 3 ways. Which are those, give us an example for each of them and draw a representation for them ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

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80. What is NATO DTG standing for? Give us an example for tomorrow, 05.00 sharp. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 81. Which are the basic structural elements of an ambush site? Draw a simple sketch of it o the right side. ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 82. These abbreviations are related to Platoon Level Key Personnel. Please write down the entire description: a. PLT- platoon b. PL-platoon leader c. PSG-platoon seargent d. SL-squad leader e. TL-team leader f. WPNs-weapons

g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n.

SQD-squad TM-team ATL- army training literature BTL-batalion RTO-radio telephone operator POW TM- prisoner of war team DEMO TM- demolition team S&R TM-search & rescue team

83. Please, draw a task organization Diagram for a Platoon with: 14

3 x infantry SQD 1 x WPNs SQD 1 x Light Eng SQD PLT HQ with: 1 x 60mm Mortar Section 1 x Sniper Team

84. SALUTE Report is composed of: a. Size b. Activity c. Location d. Unit e. Time f. Equipment Write down 2 examples. 85. These are the tactical symbols for: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- etc. Therell be 10-20 tactical symbols in accordance with the received/studied documents. Exemple: etc.

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