Glossary Terms Hydraulic A Air breather A device mounted on top of the reservoir tank to prevent the infiltration of con

taminants with air being sucked into the tank. Air-cooled oil cooler An oil cooler that cools oil using air. It consists of a radiator and fan motor and is generally best suited for environments where cooling water cannot be used . B Bare tube The bare tube is opposite the fin tube. A tube that has not undergone finning is called a bare tube. Mainly, a bare tube is used when there are identical fluids for the shell side and the tube sides. Beta () value The beta value is the same as the filtration ratio. C Clogging When dust filtered within the element accumulates to the point where the element becomes ineffective. Clogging is measured using differential pressures througho ut the element. For Taisei Kogyo, the element differential pressure for clogging is set at 0.3MPa. Cooling area Refers to the surface area of the outer surface of the cooling pipes. It is the area in contact with the shell side fluid. Collapse resistance An industrial-strength element used for normal line-filter applications. It has a differential pressure resistance of 0.7MPa. Cracking pressure Refers to the minimum pressure at which the element safety relief valve will ope rate. E Element (Filter element) A filtering material attached inside the filter used to remove microscopic solid s. F Filter A device which prevents the passage of impurities within fluids and gases. Filter media Refers to the filtering material for filter elements. Our company provides paper filters, wire mesh filters, and notch wire filters. Fin tube A cooling tube that greatly increases the cooling area by using standing, screw thread shaped fins on the exterior surface of the tube. High fin tubes, low fin tubes, and so on are identified according to fin height. At Taisei Kogyo, we spe cialize in low fin tubes. Fin tip number The fin tip number is the number of tips per unit length of the fin tube. The mo re tips, the larger the cooling area. Normally the number of tips is measured pe r inch. Flange connection Refers to the tie-in section with the equipment piping and flange. Other connect ions include the threaded type. Fluid code A code attached to the front of the filter model and heat exchanger model that i ndicates the correct fluid classification for the particular model. The seal mat

erial and surface finish classification changes depending on the fluid classific ation (example: Fluid code F - FKM represents the seal material and phosphate este r oil as the fluid used). Filtration The removal of particles from fluids using filtering material with pores like th ose of wire mesh and paper filters. Filtration accuracy The filtration ratio uses particle size of 200 and above. Also, each manufacture r may decide captured particle sizes using traditional methods. Filtration ratio The filtration ratio is measured according to the multi-pass test method. The ta rget particle size is calculated using (particle number at the filter outlet sid e) (particle number at the filter inlet side). For example, if the value is 100, there are 100 dust grains at the inlet side and 1 dust grain at the outlet side . Fouling factor Depending on the environment, debris will accumulate in the heat exchanger which may result in a gradual decrease in efficiency after prolonged use. In anticipa tion of this decrease, at the heat exchanger selection stage, the fouling coeffi cient is taken into account in efficiency calculations and allows for the heat t ransfer coefficient. Also, the fouling factor may allow for the heat exchanger a rea and not the heat transfer coefficient. This is called the margin area ratio or margin ratio. G G screw Parallel pipe threads (JIS B0202). H Heat load The amount at which the heat exchanger should exchange heat. Normally, the equip ment used releases a quantity of heat. The waste heat quantity taken from the re leased heat becomes the heat exchange quantity. High pressure element Able to withstand up to 21MPa of differential pressure. It is used when there is no relief valve in line-filters with 14MPa and above design pressures. Heat exchanger The general name for a device that efficiently transfers heat from high temperat ure objects to low temperature objects. I Impulse test A test which applies constant pressure to the product to verify the fatigue stre ngth of the product. Generally, our company tests 10,000,000 times because fatig ue strength decrease is low when tested more than 10,000,000 times. Indicator A warning device that signals the level of clogging within the filter element. T here are 2 main models, the I model (visual type) and E model (electric contact type). For the E model, a built-in micro-switch trips and sends some form of sig nal to an external location when a set differential pressure is reached. Initial pressure drop The pressure loss value of the filter due to element replacement. The procedures for pressure loss value measurements are specified in the JIS B8356. L Low fin tube A tube where the fin height of the finned tube does not exceed the outside diame ter of the unfinned tubing end is called a low fin tube. By some chance, if a de fect occurs in the tubing, the advantage of low fin tubes is that tubes can be e xchanged one-to-one.

M Maximum flow rate All maximum flow rates are determined by the following main factors. Shell side: When the flow rate increases, wear on the exterior of the cooling pip es increases and the service life of the heat exchanger decreases. Tube side: When the flow rate increases there is a potential for erosion corrosio n of the cooling pipes. Maximum working pressure The maximum pressure in which filters and heat exchangers can operate safely. Th e piping circuits with pressure fluctuations are set at the peak pressure of the pressure fluctuations and not the setting pressure of the piping circuit. Manifold type filter A filter type mounted directly on the manifold block that mainly comes in high p ressure types. Metallic particle abrasion Metallic particles generated by the sliding action within the equipment. Mesh (filtration) The units for wire mesh size mainly are in the number of mesh per inch (this mea ns that if there are 5 meshes, then within one inch there are 5 gaps). The size of the mesh openings will differ depending on the wire diameter of the wire mesh , even for the same number of mesh. The following is the mesh/micron conversion used by our company. Mesh 40 60 80 100 150 200 250 325 500 1000 1500 2400 Micron 420 250 185 150 105 75 60 50 30 20 10 5 * The above values are from wire mesh used by our company Minimum flow rate When the cooling water flow rate on the tube side is low, scale builds up much e asier, thus decreasing the service life of the cooling pipes. Also, when the flo w rate is low in both the shell side and tube sides, the heat transfer efficienc y decreases considerably. Micron (filtration) A Micron is a value for the particle sizes, measured in microns, of the filtrati on target. For our companys C paper filter, the value is over 200. For wire mesh, the size of the gap between the wires is in microns. Multi-pass test method A test method that measures the filtration efficiency of the element. Refer to t he Filter evaluation test for details. Multi-tube heat exchanger Same as shell and tube type heat exchanger. N Notch wire The element inside the filter is constructed from notch wire that is made from t ightly-coiled stainless steel wire. The element filters via the gaps between the stainless steel wires. The wire is also manufactured in-house and achieves a hi gher filtration than wire mesh. Notch wire elements can be washed and reused in the same manner as wire mesh elements. The element also has a flat surface which makes cleaning easy. Number of passes Refers to the number of loops the fluid in the tube takes (on the tube side) thr ough the fluid in the shell. In a single pass heat exchanger, the fluid comes in through the cooling tubes on one side of the water chamber cover and exits from the other side of the water chamber cover. In pass 2 and higher heat exchangers , the fluid comes in through cooling tubes from one side of the water chamber co ver, loops around to the other side of the water chamber cover, and then exits. Generally, single pass heat exchangers can handle large quantities of fluid. Inc

reasing the pass number will decrease the flow rate but increase the efficiency. P Phosphate ester oil Fluid used in aircrafts, etc. to provide fire resistance. If used, a warning mus t be attached to the seal material. Pressure gauge An instrument used to measure fluid (liquids and gases) pressure. Pressure switch A device that detects fluid pressure and makes electrical contact when a certain set pressure has been reached. R Rc screw Taper pipe threads (JIS B0203). Relief valve A valve to let pressure escape to prevent damage to the element when flow within the element is blocked, resulting in a rise in differential pressure. Generally , set at 0.35Mpa. S Scraper A part that scrapes off dust attached to the surface of the element of the AK ty pe and CFK type filters. Shell and tube type heat exchangers The heat exchanger is comprised mainly of a shell for high temperature fluid flo w and cooling tubes for low temperature fluid flow. A highly reliable and popula r design among industrial heat exchangers Smooth spiral serration A process in which small spiral irregularities are formed on the surface of the flange seal. Our company performs the process using measurements based on ANSI B 16.5. W Water-glycol based oil Used in an array of hydraulic machinery to provide fire resistance. The fluid co ntains 30-50% water. Welding spatter Particles, m- mm in size that spatter when welding.