Laplace Transform (1)

Hany Ferdinando
Dept. of Electrical Eng.
Petra Christian University

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Overview
Introduction
Laplace Transform
Convergence of Laplace Transform
Properties of Laplace Transform
Using table
Inverse of Laplace Transform

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Introduction
It was discovered by Pierre-Simon
Laplace, French Mathematician (1749-
1827)

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Introduction
It transforms signal/system from time-
domain to s-domain for continuous-
time LTI system
It is analogous to Z Transform in
discrete-time LTI system
It is similar to Fourier Transform, but
je is substituted by s

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Introduction
Laplace Transform is continuous sum
of exponential function of the form e
st
,
where s = o + je is complex frequency
Therefore, Fourier can be viewed as a
special case in which s = je

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Laplace Transform

= dt e t f s F
st
) ( ) (

=
e o
e o
t
j
j
st
dt e s F
j
t f ) (
2
1
) (

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Laplace Transform
For h(t) = e
-at
, find H(s)
What is your assumption in finishing the
integration?
If you do not have that assumption, then
what you can do?
Is it important to have that assumption?

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Convergence
The two-sided Laplace Transform exists if

= dt e t f s F
st
) ( ) ( is finite
Therefore,

= dt e t f dt e t f
t st o
) ( ) ( is finite

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Convergence
Suppose there exists a real positive
number R so that for some real o and |
we know that
f(t) < R e
ot
for t > 0, and
f(t) < R e
|t
for t > 0

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Convergence

<
+ <

0
) (
0
) (
0
)
0
)
1 1
) (
( ( ) (
t t
t t
e e R s F
dt e R dt e R s F
o o o |
o o o |
o o o |

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Convergence
How did you make your assumption in
order to solve the equation?
Can you solve it without that
assumption?
The negative portion converges for o < |
while the positive one converges for o > o

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Region of Convergence (RoC)

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Region of Convergence (RoC)

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Region of Convergence (RoC)

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Region of Convergence (RoC)

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Properties
Linearity
Scaling

Time shift
Frequency shift
(s) bF (s) aF (t) bf (t) af
2 1 2 1
+ +
|
.
|

\
|

a
s
F
a
1
f(at)
s
F(s)e ) f(t


a) F(s f(t) e
at
+

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Properties
Time convolution
Frequency convolution


Time differentiation

+


j c
j c
2 1 2 1
u)du (s (u)F F
2
1
(t) (t)f f
sF(s)
dt
df(t)

(s) (s)F F (t) f * (t) f

2 1 2 1


Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Properties
Time integration




Frequency differentation
,0) max( ,
s
F(s)
f(u)du
t
< <

,0) min( ,
s
F(s)
f(u)du
t
< <

n
n
n
ds
F(s) d
f(t) t) (

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Properties
One-sided time differentiation


One-sided time integration
) 0 ( ... ) 0 ( ) 0 ( ) (
) (
) 1 ( ) 1 ( 2 1

n n n n
n
n
f f s f s s F s
dt
t f d

+
t
s
f
s
s F
du u f
) 0 ( ) (
) (
) 1 (

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Using Standard Table
Use table from books both for
transform and for its inverse
No RoC is needed
Find the general form of the equation
Properties of Laplace transform are
helpful
You use that table also to find the
inverse

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Exercise






1) sin(2t f(t) =
0.5 s s
1
F(s)
2
+
=
6 s s
s
F(s)
2

=
2) cos(5t e f(t)
3t
+ =

Laplace Transform (1) - Hany Ferdinando

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Next
Signals and Linear Systems by Alan V. Oppenheim, chapter 9,
p 603-616
Signals and System by Robert A. Gabel, chapter 6, p 373-394
The Laplace Transform is already discussed. It
transforms continuous-time LTI system from time-
domain to s-domain. There are two types, one-sided
(unilateral) and two-sided
Next, we will study the application of Laplace
Transform in Electrical Engineering. Read the Electric
Circuit handout to prepare yourself!