1

BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

CalculationNotesforBillboardFoundationandSteelStructure


2
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

1. General
ThisDocumentisIncludedStructuralcalculationnotesforAnalysis&Designof
Foundation and steel structure of Billboard. This Billboard is Located near the
mehrabadAirport.DimensionandGeneralviewofbillboardshowninfollowing
figure.

2. CodesandStandards
Iranian Code for Seismic Resistant Design of building STD2800(3
rd

Edition)
AmericanWeldingSociety,AWS
SpecificationforstructuralJointsUsingASTMA325orA490Bolts.
519IraniansCodes.
IranianConcreteDesignCode.(ABACode)
9
th
topicofIraniansNationalBuildingCodes.
ACI31805.
ACI351.2R94/99


3
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

3. Materials
3.1. ReinforcingBars
Deformed high tensile strength Steel bars, with minimum yield
strength of 4200 kg/cm3 in accordance with ASTM A 615 or
approvedequivalent.
3.2. Concrete
TwoTypesofconcreteareconsideredforthedesignofstructures.
In analyses and Design,
c

is minimum compressive characteristic

strengthat28daysoncylinderSpecimen.

= 2Su
Kg
cm2
] or cost in plocc concrctc

= 8u
Kg
cm2
] or cost Icon Concrctc
y

= 2.4
Ion
mS
]
4. SoilParameter
Thisassumptionisusedinthisproject,AccordingtoSoilReport.
e = S4 Jcgrcc (onglc o intcrnol riction)
c = u
Kg
cm2
]
y
s
= 2u
Ion
mS
]
o
u
= 4
Kg
cm2
]


4
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

5. InputData
5.1. VendorData
Contractor estimate of projector weight was 50Kg. Structural
calculation and Model used this assumption. Estimate location of
projectorsshowninfollowingfigure.

6. Loading
6.1. lateralloadingscalculateasfollow:
6.1.1WindLoadCalculation:
AccordingTo519IranianCode
2
0.005
e q
P C C q
q v
=
=

Ce=combinedheight,exposureandgustfactorcoefficient
Cq=pressurecoefficientforthestructureorportionofstructure
Underconsideration
P=designwindpressure.
v =windstagnationpressure

5
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

100 Tehran station
Km
v
hr
=
0.16
0.16
2( ) 2
10
5 2.2 0.5 7.7
7.7
2( ) 1.92 2
10
1.5
e
e e
q
z
C
Z
C C
C
=
= + + =
= = =
=

2
2
0.005 100 50
Kg
q
m
= =

2
2 1.5 50 150
e q
Kg
P C C q P
m
= = =
Force : 150 (10 5 2.2 0.6) 7698
Moment : M (150 10 5 4.7) (150 2.2 0.6 1.1) 35467.8 .
Wind F P A Kg
Wind Kg m
= = + =
= + =

35.47 .
7.7
wind
wind
M Ton m
V Ton
=
=

6
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

6.1.2EarthquakeLoadCalculation:
Design base shear: The total design base shear in a given direction shall be
determinedfromthefollowingformulaAccordingto2800IranianCode
2
0
3
2.5( ) 2.5
V C W
A B I
C
R
A B I
V W
R
T
B
T
=

=

=
=

I=Importancefactor
g=Accelerationduetogravity.
R = numerical coefficient representative of the inherent Over strength and
globalductilitycapacityoflateralforceResistingsystems
V=Totaldesignlateralforceorshearatthebase
W=TotalWeight
A I R B
0
T
h g c
0.35 1.4 5 2.5 0.7 7.7 9.81 0.245

0.245 V W =

Pr
0.245 ( )
0.245 (5700) 1396.5 1.4
earthquake Plate Light ojector Structure
earthquake
V C W W W W
V Kg Ton
= = + +
= =

6.2GravityLoad
6.2.1DeadLoad
TotalDeadLoadincludesofsteelStructureweight,thinsteelplatewith
1.5mmthicknessandprojectorswith150kgweight.

7
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

6.2.2LiveLoad
TheLiveLoadincludeofhandrailandaccesspathofbillboard.Thisload
assumed50Kg/m.
7. LoadCombination:
7.1. LoadCombinationUsingAllowableStressDesign.
This load combination used for checking foundation stability and
Designingsteelstructure.

1.4
0.9
1.4
0.75 ( or
1.4
Dead
Dead Live Snow
Earthquake
Dead Wind
Earthquake
Dead
Earthquake
Dead Live Wind
+ +
+ +

+ +

7.2. LoadCombinationusingstrengthDesign.

1.4
1.2 1.6 0.5
1.2 1.6 0.8
1.2 1.3 0.5
1.2
0.9 ( or 1.3 )
Dead
Dead Live Snow
Dead Snow Wind
Dead Wind Live Snow
Dead Earthquake Live
Dead Earthquake Wind
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+

8
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

8. StabilityCheck

Stabilitymustbecheckedintwoseparatecases,firstinwindcaseandsecond
in Earthquake case. This Structure has light weight and wide surface, so the
windcasewillbecritical.(TheOverturningandResistingmomentcalculatedat
Apoint)

2 2
2 2
Total Dead Load Foundation Weight + Structure Weight + Projector weight
Foundation Weight = (2 tan(22.5)) (2 3.5 tan 22.5) 0.8 2.4 19.5
Pedestal=(2 tan(22.5)) (2 1.2 tan 22.5) 1.8 2
f f c
p p c
D h Ton
D h

=
= =
=
2 2
.4 5.15
Soil Weight =(2 tan(22.5) (2 tan(22.5))) =30.44 Ton
Total Dead Load 19.5 5.15 30.44 5.7 60.79
Overturning Moment (Wind Case) = 35.47Ton.m
Overturning Moment (Earthquake Case) =7.2
f p s s
Ton
D D h
Ton

=

= + + + =
8Ton.m
Resisting Moment = 106.38Ton.m
Resisting Moment 106.38
Safe Factor (Wind Case) = = =3 1.75 Ok
Overturning Moment (Wind Case) 35.47
Resisting Moment
Safe Factor (Wind Case) =
Overturning Moment (Earthq

96.41
14.6 1.75 Ok
uake Case) 7.28
= =

9
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

9. DesignAndAnalysisofBillboardsteelStructure
9.1. ModelingSoftware
Sap 2000 version 11.0.0 is used for Analyses purpose in this
project.
9.2. StructuralGeometryAndCoding
TheBillboardstructuremodelinginSap2000Program.

10
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

LoadingtheStructure
9.2.1. DeadLoad
Dead Loads are including steel plate, handrail, access path and
projectorload.DeadLoadApplytostructureasfollow.

11
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

9.2.2. LiveLoad
LiveLoadisincludingtheloadofpersonwhostandingandwalking
onaccesspath.LiveLoadApplytostructureasfollow.

9.2.3. EarthquakeLoad
CalculatedearthquakeloadsineachdirectionAppliedtostructure
directly.EarthquakeLoadApplytostructureasfollow.

12
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

9.2.4. WindLoad
Calculated Wind load applied only in one direction on Structure,
andignoredotherdirectionload.WindLoadApplytostructureas
follow.

13
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

9.3. DesigningofSteelStructure
Sap2000 program Analysis and Designing the Steel Structure. After
designing,Programshowsthisratioforbeamsandcolumn.

Ratio of Beam and column must be under 1, in whole of Beam and column
Ratio in this structure under 1, so this structure Designing safe and
commercial.


14
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

10. DesignAndAnalysisofBillboardFoundation
10.1. General
In this project foundation of billboard designed as octagonal shape.
Octagonal foundation is commercial than square foundation and has
beautifulview.

10.2. FoundationDesigningprocedure
10.2.1.Sectionalpropertiesoffoundation

Diameteroffoundationis3.5meter
Depthoffoundation(foundationthickness)is80cm


15
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

10.2.2.LoadingData

Load Case
Load
Type
Symbol
Foundation Dead
Weight Multiplier
Billboard Loads
P (KN) V (KN) M (KN.m)
Dead Gravity D 1.00 57.0
Wind Lateral WL 77.0 354.7
Earthquake Lateral EQ 14.0 73.0

10.2.3.LoadCombinationforcheckingofsoilbearingpressure

Load Combination
Load Factors
Dead Dead Dead WL EQ
Dead 1.00
Dead +WL 1.00 1.00
Dead +EQ 1.00 1.00
Dead+0.2WL 1.00 0.20
Dead+0.28EQ 1.00 0.28

10.2.4.Allowablesoilpressureincreasefactorandstabilityfactors.

Load
Combination
Soil Pressure Increase Factor
Vertical Load Min. Safety Factor Against
Reduction Factor
(Rf)
Overturning Sliding
Dead 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.50
Dead +WL 1.33 1.00 1.75 1.50
Dead 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.50
Dead +WL 1.33 1.00 1.75 1.50
Dead +EQ 1.33 1.00 1.75 1.50
Dead 1.20 1.00 3.00 1.50
Dead +0.2WL 1.33 1.00 1.75 1.50
Dead +0.28EQ 1.33 1.00 1.75 1.50

16
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

10.2.5.Loadcombinationforfoundationdesign.
Load Combination
Load Factors
Dead Dead Dead WL EQ
1.4Dead 1.40
1.2 Dead +1.3WL 1.20 1.30
0.9 Dead +1.3WL 0.90 1.30
1.2Dead +1.3WL 1.20 1.30
0.9Dead +1.3WL 0.90 1.30
1.2Dead +1.4EQ 1.20 1.40
0.9Dead +1.4EQ 0.90 1.40
1.2Dead +0.33WL 1.20 0.33
0.9Dead +0.33WL 0.90 0.33

10.2.6.Sectionalpropertiesofpedestalandfoundation

10.2.7.ServiceLoadandEccentricity

Ap 2Dp
2
tan 22.5 ( ) =
Af 2Df
2
tan 22.5 ( ) =
If If
nn
If
mm
0.6381 0.5412Df ( )
4
=
Load Combination Ps(KN) Vs(KN) Ms(KN.m)
Dead 623.1
Dead +WL 623.1 77.0 554.9 0.891 0.254
Dead +EQ 623.1 14.0 109.4 0.176 0.050
Dead +0.2WL 623.1 15.4 111.0 0.178 0.051
Dead +0.28EQ 623.1 3.9 30.6 0.049 0.014
e m ( )
Ms
Ps
:=
e
Df

17
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

10.2.8.Checkforsoilbearingpressureandsoilseparation

Load Combination
Qnn Qmm Qall
Knn Kmm Pss
Moment due to Service
Loads

"Mc" (KN.m)
Check
(KPa) (KPa) (KPa)
Dead 61.4 61.4 400.0 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 4.7 OK.
Dead +WL 211.0 223.8 532.0 37.5% 41.4% 50.0% 85.1 OK.
OP+WL 211.0 223.8 532.0 37.5% 41.4% 50.0% 85.1 OK.
Dead +EQ 85.0 86.9 532.0 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 17.9 OK.
Dead +0.2WL 85.4 87.3 532.0 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 18.1 OK.
Dead +0.28EQ 68.1 68.9 532.0 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 8.4 OK.


18
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

10.2.9.Foundationdesign

Qcs hf Gc hs Gs + =
Lpe Ap =
Qmax
L P
Af
=
Qmin
P
Af
M
Df
2

If
K 0 if
0 otherwise
=
Qm1 Qmax
Df Lpe
2
Qmax Qmin
1 K ( ) Df
=
Qm2 Qmin
Df Lpe
2
K Df

Qmax Qmin
1 K ( ) Df
+
Df Lpe
2
K Df if
0 otherwise
=
Qs Qmax
Df Lpe
2
db

Qmax Qmin
1 K ( ) Df
=
Mbu
Qm1
2
Df Lpe
2

Df Lpe
2

2
Qmax Qm1
3
+
Qcs
2
Df Lpe
2

2
=

19
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

10.2.10.Sectionforces
Load
Combination
Due to "Gravity + Lateral" Loads
(1)
Due to "Gravity" Loads
(2)
Due to "Lateral" Loads
(3) = (1) -(2)
Msb Mst Vs vps Msb Vs vps Msb Mst Vs vps
(KN.m/m) (KN.m/m) (KN/m) KPa (KN.m/m) (KN/m) KPa (KN.m/m) (KN.m/m) (KN/m) KPa
1.4 Dead 4.71 0.00 3.27 109.57 4.71 3.27 109.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.2Dead+1.3WL 85.11 39.78 66.44 176.78 4.71 3.27 109.57 80.40 39.78 63.16 67.21
0.9Dead+1.3WL 85.11 39.78 66.44 176.78 4.71 3.27 109.57 80.40 39.78 63.16 67.21
1.2Dead+1.4EQ 17.95 8.28 13.49 123.59 4.71 3.27 109.57 13.24 8.28 10.21 14.02
0.9Dead+1.4EQ 17.95 8.28 13.49 123.59 4.71 3.27 109.57 13.24 8.28 10.21 14.02
1.2Dead+0.33WL 85.11 39.78 66.44 176.78 4.71 3.27 109.57 80.40 39.78 63.16 67.21
0.9Dead+0.33WL 85.11 39.78 66.44 176.78 4.71 3.27 109.57 80.40 39.78 63.16 67.21

10.2.11.Factoredsectionforcesforfoundationdesign
Load Combination
Design Load Factors Factored Design Loads (4) x (2) + (5) x (3)
Gravity Loads
(4)
Lateral Loads
(5)
Mub
(KN.m/m)
Mut
(KN.m/m)
Vu (KN/m) vpu (KPa)
1.4Dead 1.40 0.00 6.6 0.0 4.6 153.4
1.2Dead+1.3WL 1.20 1.30 110.2 51.7 86.0 218.9
0.9Dead+1.3WL 0.90 1.30 108.8 51.7 85.1 186.0
1.2Dead+1.4EQ 1.20 1.40 24.2 11.6 18.2 151.1
0.9Daed+1.4EQ 0.90 1.40 22.8 11.6 17.2 118.2
1.2Dead+0.33WL 1.20 0.33 31.8 12.9 24.5 153.3
0.9Dead+0.33WL 0.90 0.33 30.4 12.9 23.5 120.5

10.2.12.Requiredreinforcementfor1mwidthofFoundation

Vu Qs
Df Lpe
2
db

Df Lpe
2
db

Qmax Qs
2
+ Qcs
Df Lpe
2
db

=
Mtu
Qmin
2
Df Lpe
2

Qm2 Qmin
6
Df Lpe
2
K Df

2
+
Qcs
2
Df Lpe
2

2
=
Rn
Mu
max

t
b d
2

0.85F'c
Fy
1 1
2Rn
0.85F'c

=

20
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

Item Bottom Top
Mu
max
: Maximum factored moment at foundation section for 1.0 m width (KN.m)
110.2 51.7
c : Concrete cover to foundation rebars center (mm) 100 100
d : Effective depth of section (mm) 700 700
Rn : 250 117
: 0.0006 0.0003
As : Reinforcing bar area for 1m width of foundation (mm
2
) : 437 205
Asmin Final Formula : 1.33bd 1.33bd
As
min
: Minimum reinforcing bar area for 1m width of foundation (mm
2
) :
582 273
As
req
: Required reinforcing bar area for 1m width of foundation (mm
2
) :
582 273
d
b
: Bar diameter (mm)
18 12
As
e
: Existing area of rebars for 1.0 m width of foundation (mm
2
) :
1272 565

e
: Existing steel ratio of foundation
0.0018 0.0008
Use : 18 @ 200 12 @ 200

10.2.13.Checkreinforcingbarspacingtocontrolcracking

st = 200 mm
s
max
=
450

sb = 200 mm
s
max
=
450
10.2.14.Checkbeamshear

Vu
max
=

86.0 KN

s
Vc =
1411 KN OK.
K 2
e
n
e
n ( )
2
+
e
n =
J 1
K
3
=
fs
max
Mc
max
As
e
J d
=
c
max
c 0.5d
b
=
s
max
min 380
280
fs
max

2.5 c
max
3hf , 450 ,

s
Vc
s
0.17 F'c b d =

21
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

10.2.15.CheckpunchingShear

Vc
1
=

40465.8
Vc
2
=

38893.2

Qp1 Qmax
Df Lpe
2
db
2

Qmax Qmin
1 K ( ) Df
=
Qp2 Qmax
Df Lpe
2
Lpe +
db
2
+

Qmax Qmin
1 K ( ) Df
=
b
o
4 Lpe db + ( ) =
Ac b
o
db =

f
1
1
2
3
Lpe db +
Lpe db +
+
=

v
1
f
=
Jc
db Lpe db + ( )
3

6
db
3
Lpe db + ( )
6
+
db Lpe db + ( )
3

2
+ =
vp
P R
Ac

v
M
Lpe db +
2

Jc
+ =
1 =
Vc
1
0.17 1
2

F'c b
o
d =
Vc
2
0.083

s
db
b
o
2 +

F'c b
o
d =
Vc
3
0.33 F'c b
o
d =

s
Vc
s
min Vc1 Vc2 , Vc3 , ( ) =

22
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

vpu
max
=

218.9 KPa

s
vc =
5812.8 KPa OK.

10.3. Baseplateandanchorboltdesign
2
5.
35.47 .
7.7
( ) 3700
35.47
6.22
5.7
u
P Ton
M Ton m
V Ton
Kg
F Anchorbolt
cm
M
e m
P
=
=
=
=
= = =

In order to determined base plate as initial assumption, considering

followingdimensionandanchorbolt.

( )
3 2
1 2 3
1
2
3 2
3 2
0
80
3 ( ) 3 (622 ) 1746
2 2
6 6 10 69.27
( ) (32.5 622) 34002.91
80
( ) 34002.91 40 32.5 2465211.06
2
1746 34002.91 2465211.06 0
After Solving The Equation : 28.
s
x k x k x k
H
k e
nA
k g e
B
H
k k g
x x x
x
+ + + =
= = =

= + = + =
= + = + =
+ + =
= 9cm

Calculatingmaximumstressbetweenfoundationandbaseplate.

s
vc
s
Vc
b
o
d
=
2
anchorbolt
using 5 42 as Anchorbolt A 69.27
assumed Baseplate dimension 80cm 80cm
35.47
622
5.7
80
10
32.5
80
cm
M
e cm
P
h cm
n
g
B cm
=

= = =
=
=
=
=

23
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote

2
2 ( ) 2 5700 (622 32.5) 7461300
51.33
80 28.9 145355.44
( ) 28.9 80 32.5
2 3
2 3
p
P e g
Kg
f
H x cm
xB g
+ +
= = = =

+ +

AnchorbolttensileForce(T)
28.9 80
622
3372310
3 2 3 2
5700 53.64
80 28.9
62.78
32.5
2 3 2 3
x B
e
T P Ton
B x
g
+ +
= = = =
+ +

Allowablecompressionstress
/ /
2
1
2
/
2 2 2 2
2 2
0.35 0.7
550
0.35 250 601.56 0.7 175 175
80
51.33 175
p c c
p c p
p p
A
F f f
A
Kg Kg Kg
F f F
cm cm cm
Kg Kg
f F Ok
cm cm
=
= = = =

AnchorBoltTensilestress
2
2
53639
774.36
69.27
7700
55.58
2 2 69.27
t
s
v
s
T
Kg
f
cm
A
V
Kg
f
cm
A
= = =
= = =

2
2 2
p
0.43 1.8 0.33
0.43 4000 1.8 55.58 1609.71 0.33 1320 1320
774.36 1320
80 50
15
2
51.33
2 2 15 4.39 with using Stiffener t =3.5cm
2400
t u v u
t u t
t t t t
p
p
v
F F f F
Kg
F F F
cm
Kg Kg
f F f F Ok
cm cm
n m cm
f
t n cm
F
=
= = = =
= =

= = =


= = =


24
BillboardDesignandAnalysisCalculationNote