PRESENT SIMPLE

(El presente simple)

FORMA
El presente simple de la mayora de los verbos tiene la misma forma que el infinitivo para todas las personas, excepto para la tercera del singular que aade -s o -es.
AFIRMATIVA RESPUESTAS CORTAS

IIYoulWefThey He/She/It
INTERROGATIVA

speak. speaks. speak? speak? don't (do not) speak. doesn't (does not) speak .

Yes, I1you/we!they Yes, he/she/it No,l/you/we/they No, he/she/it

do. does. don't. doesn't.

Do I1you/we/they Does he/shelit

NEGATIVA

IIYoulWefThey He/She/it

Recurdese que don't y doesn't son las contracciones de do not y does noto Los verbos modales (can, may, shall, will, must) slo tienen una forma para el presente (es decir, no aaden -s a la tercera persona del singular). Para ms informacin sobre los verbos modales vase unidad 19. I/we/you/they can. He/she/it/ can. El verbo be tiene tres formas para el presente:
AFIRMATIVA RESPUESTAS CORTAS

lam. He/She/It is. WelYoufThey are.

NEGATIVA

Yes, I amo Yes, he/shelit is. Yes, you/we!they are. No, I'm noto No, he/she/it isn't. No, you/we!they aren't.

I'm not (am not). He/She/It isn't (is not). YoulWefThey aren't (are not).
INTERROGATIVA

AmI? Is he/shelit? Are you/we/they?

(".) El verbo have (got) y el verbo do tienen una forma irregular para la tercera persona del singular:

he/she/it has (got) he/she/it does (pronunciado

IdAz/)

(".) Los verbos modales y los verbos be y have got no utilizan auxiliares para la negacin ni la interrogacin, ellos mismos funcionan como auxiliar. El verbo can tiene una forma especial para el negativo: cannot (can't) .

.fjem Jos.:
I'm not from Spain. No soy de Espaa. They haven't got many friends. No tienen muchos amigos. He mustn't forget. No debe olvidrsele. She cannot be he re in time. No puede llegar a tiempo.

EBII

REGLAS DE ORTOGRAFA

PARA EL PRESENTE SIMPLE

Por regla general, los verbos aaden -s a la tercera persona del singular.
llii.Wb~

help/helps

. find/finds

. livellives

. run/runs

Esta -s de tercera persona: - En los verbos acabados en el sonido Ipl, ItI, /k/, 18/, Ifl se pronuncia

Is/.

jemBlos:
taps, shuts, looks, laughs (/f/) - En los verbos acabados se pronuncia Iz/. en sonido Ibl, Idl, Ig/, IV, Irl, ImI, Inl, Ivl, Iwl o en vocal,

EjemBIQs:
rides, kneels, brings, comes, moves. Los verbos acabados en el sonido Isl, IzI, ISI Id3i ItS I aaden -es a la tercera persona del singular y se pronuncia IIZ/.

Ejem810s: misslmisses

. mix/mixes

. brush/brushes aaden -es.

. catch/catches

Los verbos do y go y sus compuestos

Ejemplos: doldoes
Los verbos acabados

. golgoes
en consonante . hurry/hurries
+

y cambian la y por i y aaden -es .

Pero los acabados

en vocal + y siguen la regla general. . say/says -es se pronuncia

le 8 os;
play/plays En ambos casos la terminacin

IzI.

B uso
El presente simple se utiliza: Para hablar de acciones habituales (estilos de vida, hbitos, rutina diaria). El verbo suele ir acompaado de adverbios de frecuencia (usually, often, never, etc.) o expresiones adverbiales de frecuencia (twice a week, every day, etc.). Ms informacin sobre expresiones de frecuencia en la unidad 5.

EjemBJo:
Vivienne takes her children to school every day. Vivienne lleva a sus hijos a la

escuela todos los das.

Para hablar de hechos o verdades generales.

je BO:
The moon turns around the earth. La luna gira alrededor de la tierra. Para hablar de situaciones permanentes.

fje

B10.:
con horarios fijos.

My father works as a waiter in a hotel. Mi padre trabaja de camarero en un hotel. Para hablar de acciones futuras relacionadas

EjemBlos:
- My train leaves at 5.30. Mi tren sale a las 5.30. - My language course starts on Monday. Mi curso de idiomas empieza el lunes. Para describir hechos histricos, acontecimientos en un relato, pelcula o retransmisin deportiva de un modo ms dramtico (presente histrico).

fjemBLos:
- King Charles 1 abdicates on his son Philip, who becomes Philip 11. El rey Carlos

I abdica en su hijo Felipe, que pasa a ser Felipe II.

- ...and then the bad guy enters the saloon and says ... y entonces el malo de la

pelcula entra en la cantina y dice ...

Para dar instrucciones en una receta o en una demostracin de laboratorio, etc.

EjemBI~
First you get all the ingredients, then you mix them in a bowl... Primero renes

los ingredientes, luego los mezclas en un bol ...

Los verbos que no indican una accin sino un estado o un proceso mental, como know, like, want, hate, lave, need, belong, mean, understand, remember o prefer; no suelen usarse en el presente continuo.

fjemBbs:
- Do you want to stay with us? Quieres quedarte con nosotros? - Sheila needs a resto Sheila necesita un descanso.

 En oraciones condicionales del primer tipo. Vase unidad 24. Ejeme1o: If you drink too much, you'l1 have a headache later. Si bebes demasiado, te doler la cabeza ms tarde. En oraciones temporales. Vase unidad 21. EjemBlo: 1'11 give you a ring when 1get home. Te llamar cuando llegue a casa.


IEJ

Write the third person singular of these verbs.

stop write finish say find

stops

do pass walk sail go

study have
rrux

match try

Complete the sentences with the corred form (affirmative or negative) of the verbs in the box.

have

study

watch

do

get up

read

eat

1. We _b_o_r_ro_w_ books from the library twice a month. 2. Richard never 3. Sheila
4. What time

the shopping on Saturdays. very much; that's why she's so thin. you breakfast?

5. The children 6. My friend Gil! 7. What kind of books 8. Jenny

until8 o'clock in the morning. at Oxford University. your mother _

too much television.

lE]

Match the two halves.

1. If it rains,

a) in autumn.

b) work until 8 a.m.

3. The children watch 4. They don't start 5. Do you clean your teeth 6. We usual!y drink 7. Leaves fal! 8. The sun rises
e) take your umbrel!a.

d) before you go to bed? e) in the East. f) after he gets up? g) TV after dinner.

h) wine with our meals.

Complete the text about Martin's daily routine. The number in brackets is the number of times you have to use the verbo

-,
. have (lf

. take . drink .le)4-e . talk . turn2: watch . eat leave . go.(4) . work . get . do

(2) I

Martin gets up at 7.30 and cup of coffee and dressed and He

7 9 5 3

1 __

h_a_s __

a shower every day. He usually

2 4

a
_

toast and marmalade for breakfast. Then he home at 8.15. He

6 ~_ 8

to the town centre by bus. n't like his job very

10

in a bank from 8.30 a.m. to 3 p.m. He

mucho Martin

lunch in a caf opposite the bank. He usually

11 13

to

his colleagues about sports, holidays, etc. When he he

12 14

back home the newspaper. dinner. He hardly

17 _

on the TV to listen to the news and on the cooker and

15

After a while he ever

16

out for dinner, except with his family or friends. Then he

18

the washing up and

11o'clock.

TV again until he

19

to bed at about

Write sentences about these people's habits. Use the pictures and cues. If you need some help with frequency adverbs 90 to Unit 5.

1. usually / in the afternoon 2. often / on Saturday mornings

They usually have tea in the afternoon.

3. sometimes / on Friday evening

4. hardly ever / at night

5. always / after dinner 6. often / to go shopping

Complete the text with suitable verbs from the box in the present simple tense .

. dress

. work

. be (5)

-Iook
!

. ask

. get

. start

. push

. hope

. have

This is the story of Lucy. This girl Chicago. She 2 Everyday she 4 she he
8 9 12 5

works

at the ticket office in a metro station in

3

all alone in the world and she in love with him. He to talk to him and

no family and few friends. so well and it, m

to see one of the passengers on the metro. They haven't met but
6

so handsome and

even polite to other passengers. One day in the metro station two young
10

men they

for his wallet. When they

11

him onto the tracks when the train is coming. His life 13

danger but luckily Lucy has seen everything and ...

Corred the mistakes in these sentences.

1. She don't want to come with uso 2. What time you have lunch? 3. They haven't breakfast
at

doesti't

home.

4. Vitamins ~ important in your diet.

5. We go oIten to the cinema.

6. What does it happen in the garden every night? 7. This car not belongs to me. 8. When we'll get to France, we'll send you a postcard.

Translate these sentences into English. 1. No cenamos nunca en casa.

2. Emily suele jugar al ftbol los sbados

por la tarde.

3. Limpiamos

el coche todos los domingos.

4. Dnde viven tus amigos?

5. Te gustan las patatas?

6. A veces coge el autobs

a las 9 de la maana .

.- 7. Estudias por la noche?

8. Primero abres la lata de sardinas

y luego las echas en un plato.

In your notebook, write about the daily routine of a friend or a member of your family or tell the story of a film you have seen recently. Use about 80 words.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(El
presente continuo)

FORMA
El presente continuo se forma con el presente simple del verbo to be + verbo principal acabado en -ing.
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA

I You/Werrhey He/She
INTERROGATIVA

am writing. are writing. is writing. writing? writing? writing?

I'm You/We/They He/She

not writing. aren't (are not) writing. isn't (is not) writing.

AmI Are you/we!they Is he/she

Las formas afirmativas he's, etc.

del verbo to be tambin pueden contraerse:

I'm, you're,

REGLAS DE ORTOGRAFA PARA LA FORMA EN -ING ====~~==~~~~~~

En general, aadimos ortogrficos .

-ing a la forma del infinitivo sin que se produzcan

cambios

.Ei~l?los:
listenllistening go/going Los verbos acabados Ejemplos: survive/surviving live/living meet/meeting read/reading en consonante do/doing pass/passing

+ -e omiten la -e final delante de -ing,

leave/leaving write/writing

behave/behaving hide/hiding

Los verbos monosilbicos acabados en una sola consonante precedida de una sola vocal duplican la consonante final delante de -ing, Ejem::1los: stop/stopping swim/swimming knit/knitting roblrobbing put/putting runlrunning

 Los verbos de dos o ms slabas que acaben en una sola consonante precedida de una sola vocal duplican la consonante final si el acento recae en la ltima slaba.

Ejemelos:
refer/referring Pero: suffer/suffering, primera slaba). Los verbos acabados . occur/occurring listen/listening (ambos verbos llevan el acento tnico en la

en -ie cambian . lie/lying

la -ie por y delante de -ing(*).

Ejemplos:
die/dying (".) El nico verbo en el que hay una i delante del sufijo -ing es skiing. En los verbos acabados en -y, la y no cambia delante de -ing. . lay/laying

Ejemplos:
try/trying Muchos verbos acabados en una sola vocal + lo p duplican la consonante final delante de -ing, aunque no cumplan la regla del acento. En ingls americano se aplica la regla bsica explicada ms arriba. Vase Apndice 3, A, a.

Ejemplo:
travel/travelling . worship/worshipping

uso
El presente continuo se usa para expresar: de hablar. Acciones que ocurren en el momento

Ejemplo:
She's watering the plants now. Est regando las plantas ahora. temporalmente, no necesariamente en el momento Acciones que estn ocurriendo de hablar.

Ejemplos:
- My brother is a mechanic, but he is working in a pizza restaurant at the momento Mi hermano es mecnico pero ahora est trabajando en una pizzera. - I'm learning French at the momento Ahora estoy aprendiendo francs. Planes futuros que han sido confirmados (es decir, se han hecho preparativos hay compromisos o citas). Ver unidad 17. y

Ejemelo:
He's having dinner with us tonight. Acciones habituales que expresan con el adverbio always.

Va a cenar con nosotros esta noche.

irritacin en el hablante. En este caso, suele ir

Ejemelo:
He's always talking about himself. Siempre est hablando de s mismo.

 El presente continuo no se suele utilizar con los siguientes verbos: knaw, like,

want, hate, lave, need, belang, mean, understand, remember, prefer.

Error comn: What are you meaning?

Xl.

CONTRASTE ENTRE EL PRESENTE SIMPLE Y EL PRESENTE CONTINUO

PRESENTE SIMPlE PRESENTE CONTINUO

Acciones habituales o permanentes. Ejemplos: We have coffee together every day. Tomamos

Acciones que rompen lo habitual. Ejemplo: There's no coffee today, so we are having tea.

caf juntos todos los das.

They live near the city centre. Viven cerca del

Hoy no hay caf as que estamos tomando t.

Acciones que estn sucediendo momento. Ejemplo: What are you doing up there? Qu estis en este

centro.

haciendo ah arriba?
Acciones que se interpretan temporales. Ejemplo: o presentan como

He's no.t a good student but he's making a big effort right now. No es buen estudiante pero est

haciendo un gran esfuerzo.

Para hablar de acciones en el futuro relacionadas Ejemplo: con horarios.

Para hablar de planes confirmados (compromisos y citas). Ejemplo: I'm having lunch with my boss tomorrow.

The plane arrives at 7 tomorrow.

El avin llega

maana a las 7.

Maana he quedado a comer con mi jefe.

11I

Write the -ing form of the following verbs.

go chop hum say travel change

going

show drive help set occur rub

try see he skip put run

die hug advise write pass differ

IEI

Look at the picture and describe, in your notebook, what the people are doing. Choose verbs from the box.

listen

eat

windsurf

have

read

play

swim

drink

sunbathe

run

Choose the present simple or the present continuous.

1. Jane never has / is having breakfast at home. 2. We learn / are learning English at the momento 3. This week 1 read / am reading a new novel. 4. Peter always complains / is always complaining. 5. We go / are going for a walk every day, but today we stay / are staying in. 6. What time do you come / are you coming back tonight?

11I[I

Read this brochure and complete the dialogue using the present continuous. Mrs Pearson has reserved the trip with her husband.

Ltd.
Fligbt lrom London Heatbrow to Madrid. ~ Arriva1 13.00 a.m. Local time. Transport lrom O Madrid airport to tbe Hotel Avenida. Tbe bote1 is situated in tbe centre 01 Madrid near tbe lamous Plaza de Espaa. 9.00 a.m. Guided tour oi Madrid. 14.00 p.m. Visit to ~ tbe Prado Museum, Puerta del Sol and e Plaza Mayor. Visit to Puerta de Alca1 and tbe Parque ~de1 Retiro and sbopping. 15.00 p,m. Train to CI To1edo. Transler to botel. Tbe Hotel Alczar is a quiet bote1 near tbe Alczar, Toledo's 1andmark.

Madrid Toledo
This S-day trip to Madrid and Toledo is the ideal holiday for those interested in Spanish art and culture,

1 10.30 a.m.

4 9.00 a.m. Guided tour 01 To1edo, visiting tbe

~ catbedra1 witb its fantastic collection 01 O paintings, inc1uding works by El Greco, Goya and Van Dyck. 14.00 p.m, Visit to tbe Bridge 01 StoMartin over tbe river Tajo, tbe cburcb and monastery 01 San Juan de los Reyes, and tbe old Hospital 01 Santa Cruz. 9,00 e.m, Visit lo El Greco s bouse and museum. ~ Sbopping. 15.00p.m. Train to Madrid. Transporl e to Madrid airport. 19.00p.rn, Fliqht lo London Heathrow.

3 9,00 a.m.

Mrs Collier: Where are you going on holiday this summer? Mrs Pearson: We are going to Madrid and Toledo, Mrs Collier: How long are you going for? MrsPearson: Mrs Collier: Are you travelling by coach? MrsPearson: Mrs Collier: How many days are you staying in Madrid? MrsPearson: Mrs Collier: What are you visiting in Madrid? MrsPearson: Mrs Collier: Where are you staying in Madrid? MrsPearson: Mrs Collier: Are you going to El Greco's house in Toledo? MrsPearson: Mrs Collier: How nice. Well, I'rn sure you'll have a fantastic time! _ _ _ _ _ _

Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous or present simple. 1. I'm afraid 1

don't understand

(notlunderstand)

what he

(say).

2. Who
3. 1 really

(cook) dinner tonight? (not/know) what you (talk) about. (visit) ltaly and Greece.

4. 5. My mother 6. What

(you/go) abroad this summer? Yes, 1 (write) a cookery book. (you/think) they

(do) tomorrowevening?

I[J

Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1. She's studing hard ior tomorrow's exam. 2. We are remembering him very well. 3. What do they do? They're playing tennis in the garden. 4. Whyare you puting the books on that shelf? 5. We don't visiting Toledo.lt's not part oi our plans. 6. They have lunch with us tomorrow
at

studying

1.30p.m.

IIJ

Translate these sentences into English. 1. A: Qu haces ahora? B: Escribo una carta a mis amigos.

2. De momento

trabajo

de camarero

en un restaurante.

3. Siempre estn escuchando

msica.

4. Quieres jugar al ajedrez ahora?

5. Por las tardes estudiamos

pero esta tarde nos vamos al cine.

6. Estos libros nos pertenecen.

7. A: Qu lees? B: No leo nada.

Choose a painting or a photograph with a lot of people doing different things and describe it in your notebook. Write about 80 words.