Internet everywhere. Always online. All over IP. Flexible VPN.

These buzzwords point out that once more extensive changes are emerging in the field of telecommunication networks. The megatrend of convergence is aiming for new heights. The Next Generation Networks (NGN) concept is gaining importance and presents new challenges.

Next Generation Networks: Expectations and Goals

Compiled and Presented by Aditya Mathur A1607110024

Table of Contents

Overview................................................................................................................................................. 2 NG Services Architecture- A Brief .......................................................................................................... 4 Internet Protocol(IP): The NGN Glue .................................................................................................. 4 IPv4 ................................................................................................................................................. 4 IPv6 ................................................................................................................................................. 5 MIPv6 .............................................................................................................................................. 5 IP NGN Carrier Ethernet Design .......................................................................................................... 6 Next Generation Networks: Goals ......................................................................................................... 8 Experimental Research for Advanced Network Technologies ............................................................ 8 The NGN Approach ............................................................................................................................. 9 Services And Expectations ..................................................................................................................... 8 Expected Services.............................................................................................................................. 14 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 16 Bibliography.......................................................................................................................................... 17

Overview
Today, the vision to make available voice, data and video services via a single convergent network is omnipresent. Such a network is easier to operate and maintain and noticeably saves operating costs. The configuration of a single multi-service network requires considerably lower investments than the implementation of several networks with individual services, consisting of various platforms.

The vision of a single network has been implemented with the Next Generation Networks (NGN). NGN is a composition of IP Based Multi-Service Networks. It is a packetbased network which can provide services including Telecommunication Services and able to make use of multiple broadband, quality of Service-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It offers unrestricted access by users to different service providers. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users. This term paper provides a description of the Services and capabilities expected and the goals of NGN. Online content to be made available more easily and marketed more widely, Additional potential applications are the management and operation of networks and services for customer groups. Since NGN has open and standardized interfaces, quick implementation and incorporation of new functions and services is possible. The user can do this directly without having to know the network architecture. These are some of the goals. With the Next Generation Media there are no more limitations as to via which terminal device, and from where, interactive and multimedia content is accessed. - Serve and send E-mails using the television - Play the latest feature films and currents hits on demand via the TV set, PC etc. - Games and applications use regionalized and personalized content.

NGN wants to merge all of this. Local, regional and sector content can be made available more cost effectively than ever before to the specific target groups. In contrast to conventional and terrestrial broadcasting media, customized content for any target group can be implemented cost effectively with the line-based Internet broadband access.

NG Services Architecture- A brief

It is rapidly becoming apparent that all versions of NGN architectures are using, or will be based on Third Generation Partnership Projects (3GPPs) IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architecture. In addition, since it is based on IP and supports multimedia services (voice, video, gaming, conferencing etc.), IMS can seamlessly integrate with other systems via appropriate adapters/mediators or interworking elements. These other systems can be based on web or any legacy system. The concept of IMS originated from 3GPP to support seamless mobility and user identity across wireless carrier domains. IMS is currently being touted as the de facto standard for the signalling and control plane of the emerging NGN architecture for thee converged mobile, fixed and fixed-to-wireless services. ITU-T defined NGN as an IP-based network. The target is version 6 of the Internet Protocol- IPv6. IPv6 will seamlessly support QoS, mobility and provisioning for Telecom and other broadband revenue-generating services. The Functional Entities (Fes) in the IMS layer interact with the applications and features/services layer Fes to provide advanced or enhanced services to the endpoints. Interconnection of the Fes in the IMS layer with NGN transport, legacy PSTN and IPv4 transport system is supported by using appropriate border, gateway and middle-ware functions. In addition to mobility and seamless provisioning, there is a need to support reliability/availability, security/privacy, and regulatory requirements as well as to achieve realistic deployment of NGN services using IMS.

Internet Protocol (IP): The NGN Glue

Irrespective of whether it is wireless or wireline at the physical layer, the networking layer will ubiquitously use the Internet Protocol or IP. The following variants of IP and the add-on features are currently available in the industry to keep it as the most useful glue at the networking layer.

IPv4: IPv4 uses 32-bit (four-byte) addresses, which limits the address
space to 4294967296 (232) addresses. Addresses were assigned to users, and the number of unassigned addresses decreased. IPv4 address
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exhaustion occurred on February 3, 2011. It had been significantly delayed by address changes such as classful network design, Classless Inter-Domain Routing, and network address translation (NAT). This limitation of IPv4 stimulated the development of IPv6 in the 1990s, which has been in commercial deployment since 2006. IPv4 reserves special address blocks for private networks (~18 million addresses) and multicast addresses (~270 million addresses).

IPv6: Developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with
this long-anticipated IPv4 address exhaustion, uses 128-bit addresses, allowing 2128 (approximately 3.41038) addresses. This expansion can accommodate vastly more devices and users on the internet as well as providing greater flexibility in allocating addresses and efficiency for routing traffic. It also eliminates the primary need for network address translation (NAT), which has gained widespread deployment as an effort to alleviate IPv4 address exhaustion. Like IPv4, IPv6 is an internet-layer protocol provides for packet-

switched internetworking and

end-to-end datagram transmission

across multiple IP networks. It is described in Internet standard document RFC 2460, published in December 1998. In addition to offering more addresses, IPv6 also implements features not present in IPv4. It simplifies aspects of address assignment (stateless address auto configuration), network

renumbering and router announcements when changing network connectivity providers.

MIPv6 (Mobile Internet Protocol version 6): It is an Internet Engineering

Task Force (IETF) standard communications protocol that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address. Mobile IP for IPv4 is described in IETF RFC 5944, and extensions are defined in IETF RFC 4721. Mobile IPv6, the IP mobility
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implementation for the next generation of the Internet Protocol, IPv6, is described in RFC 6275.

IP NGN Carrier Ethernet Design:

The IP NGN Carrier Ethernet Design incorporates Service Exchange Framework (SEF) components such as the Cisco Intelligent Services Gateway (ISG). The Carrier Ethernet network includes a hierarchy of elements that are depicted in the figure. These elements are: Access: Provides access to residential and business customers over DSL, fibre, cable, or wireless. Carrier Ethernet aggregation: Aggregates the access network across a Carrier Ethernet network and provides interconnectivity to the IP/MPLS edge and IP/MPLS core.

IPoDWDM optical network: Enables optical aggregation services with

intelligent Ethernet multiplexing using MPLS/IP over dense wavelength division multiplexing (IPoDWDM). Intelligent service edge: Interfaces services with the IP/MPLS core; this is the provider edge for both residential and business subscriber services.

IP/MPLS core: Provides scalable IP/MPLS routing in the core network.

Policy/service layer: Provides broadband policy management to control service delivery a key component of the Service Exchange Framework.

IP NGN Carrier Ethernet Design Diagram:

Next Generation Networks: Goals

Convergence at all levels will be the driving force behind NG telecommunication technologies. At the device level, customers want to use the same device (cell phone, TV, computer, wireline phone) for voice, data, video (both real-time and streaming) and gaming services. At the network element level, the edge and core routers are becoming more aware of applications and services (like security, fire-walling and service adaptation). In addition, optical networking devices will be more aware of IP-based services and will need to support alignment with NG networks and service management, e.g. Bandwidth-on-demand.

Experimental Research for Advanced Network Technologies

Promote experimentation with the next generation of network technologies. The NGN initiative will develop and demonstrate the advanced network service technologies needed to support next generation applications. For NGN to be successful, it is not sufficient merely to deploy a testbed that can move bits at 100 million bits per second (Mbps) to 1 billion bits per second (Gbps) because an Internet is not merely the movement of bits, and a next generation Internet is not merely faster movement of bits. The NGI applications will require a rich collection of advanced network services. For example, high-quality team collaboration and videoconferencing support requires several types of network services not available on the Internet today. These services must be richer in features, higher in performance, and deliverable at reasonable cost. Achieving all three of these apparently conflicting sub goals simultaneously will drive NGI technology. The NGI initiative will succeed only if it deploys faster networks without also developing and demonstrating the richer, more flexible, and affordable network service technologies needed by next generation applications.

The main areas of network services and corresponding protocols that need to be developed and demonstrated are the following: Quality of service (QoS) Security and robustness Network management, including the allocation and sharing of bandwidth Systems engineering and operations, including definitions and tools for service architectures, metrics, measurement, statistics, and analysis New or modified protocols for routing, switching, multicast, reliable transport, security, and mobility Computer operating systems, including new requirements generated by advanced computer architectures Collaborative and distributed application environments

The NGN approach

NGNs will allow carriers networks to cost effectively support a new suite of sophisticated services by building on core competencies related to traditional transport services. In addition, a unified and consistent NGN approach will help reduce costs by eliminating the inefficiencies of current service-specific, proprietary, and nonreusable solutions. NGN

approaches will also reduce the time to market and lifecycle costs of offering new services. Finally, NGNs will enable carriers to deploy advanced services, allowing them to remain competitive as well as expand their capabilities to enter new
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markets. The bottom line is that, in addition to their wholesale transport businesses, public network carriers would (and will) pursue Next Generation Service Architectures to offer value-added services. As Figure 2 states, this will be their new strategic differentiator.

Services and Expectations

Although we have a feel for the types of service characteristics that will be important in an NGN environment, no one really knows what the killer applications will be. Fortunately, the Next Generation Service Architecture will enable a number of key features that can be particularly beneficial to a wide array of potential services. A variety of services, some already available, others still at the conceptual stage, have been linked to NGN initiatives and considered likely candidates for NGN implementations. While some of these services can be offered on existing platforms, others benefit from the advanced control, management, and signaling capabilities of NGNs. Although emerging and new services are likely to be the strongest drivers for NGNs, most of the initial NGNs profits may actually result from the bundling of traditional services. Thus, bundled traditional services will pay for the network, whereas emerging services will fuel the growth. Most traditional services relate to basic access/transport/routing/switching services, basic connectivity/resource and session control services, and various value-added services. NGNs will likely enable a much broader array of service types, including: Specialized resource services (e.g., provision and management of transcoders, multimedia multipoint conferencing bridges, media conversion units, voice `recognition units, etc.) Processing and storage services (e.g., provision and management of information storage units for messaging, file servers, terminal servers, OS platforms, etc.) Middleware services (e.g., naming, brokering, security, licensing, transactions, etc.) Application-specific services (e.g., business applications, e-Commerce applications, supply-chain management applications, interactive video games, etc.)

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 Content provision services that provide or broker information content (e.g., electronic training, information push services, etc.) Interworking services for interactions with other types of applications, services, networks, protocols, or formats (e.g., EDI translation) Management services to maintain, operate, and manage communications/computing networks and services. Figure 3 and the following text give a brief description of several services that we currently believe will be important drivers in the NGN environment (e.g., in terms of how pervasive they will be, how much profit margins they are likely to generate, how much they will benefit from an NGN type of environment, and/or how glamorous they are). We intentionally included a broad range of services (e.g., from basic voice telephony to more futuristic services such as Distributed Virtual Reality) to emphasize that the Next Generation Service Architecture will support a wide variety of services.

Voice Telephony NGNs will likely need to support various existing voice telephony services (e.g., Call Waiting, Call Forwarding, 3-Way Calling, various AIN
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features, various Centrex features, and various CLASS features). Note, however, that NGNs are not trying to duplicate each and every traditional voice telephony service currently offered. Rather, they will likely attempt to support only a small percentage of these traditional services, with an initial focus on the most marketable voice telephony features and the features required from a regulatory perspective. Data (Connectivity) Services Allows for the real-time establishment of connectivity between endpoints, along with various value-added features (e.g., bandwidth-on-demand, connection reliability/resilient Switched Virtual Connections [SVCs], and bandwidth management/call admission control). Multimedia Services - Allows multiple parties to interact using voice, video, and/or data. This allows customers to converse with each other while displaying visual information. It also allows for collaborative computing and groupware. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) Voice VPNs improve the interlocation networking capabilities of businesses by allowing large, geographically dispersed organizations to combine their existing private networks with portions of the PSTN, thus providing subscribers with uniform dialling capabilities. Data VPNs provide added security and networking features that allow customers to use a shared IP network as a VPN. Public Network Computing (PNC) Provides public network-based computing services for businesses and consumers. For example, the public network provider could provide generic processing and storage capabilities (e.g., to host a web page, store/maintain/backup data files, or run a computing application). The public network provider would charge users for the raw processing and storage used, but would have no knowledge of the specific content/application. Alternatively, the public network provider could provide specific business applications (e.g., Enterprise Resource Planning [ERP], time reporting, vouchers, etc.) or consumer applications (e.g., Tax Cut, kitchen remodelling program, etc.), with all or part of the processing/storage happening in the network. The public network provider could charge based on an hourly, daily, weekly, etc. licensing fee for the service (e.g., rent-an-app).

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 Unified Messaging Supports the delivery of voice mail, email, fax mail, and pages through common interfaces. Through such interfaces, users will access, as well as be notified of, various message types (voice mail, email, fax mail, etc.), independent of the means of access (i.e., wireline or mobile phone, computer, or wireless data device). Information Brokering Involves advertising, finding, and providing information to match consumers with providers. For example, consumers could receive

information based on pre-specified criteria or based on personal preferences and behaviour patterns. E-Commerce Allows consumers to purchase goods and services electronically over the network. This could include processing the transactions, verifying payment information, providing security, and possibly trading (i.e., matching buyers and sellers who negotiate trades for goods or services). Home banking and home shopping fall into this category of services. This also includes business-to-business applications (e.g., supply-chain management and knowledge management applications). Call Centre Services A subscriber could place a call to a call centre agent by clicking on a Web page. The call could be routed to an appropriate agent, who could be located anywhere, even at home (i.e., virtual call centres). Voice calls and e-mail messages could be queued uniformly for the agents. Agents would have electronic access to customer, catalogue, stock, and ordering information, which could be transmitted back and forth between the customer and the agent. Interactive gaming Offers consumers a way to meet online and establish interactive gaming sessions (e.g., video games). Distributed Virtual Reality Refers to technologically generated representations of real- world events, people, places, experiences, etc., in which the participants in and providers of the virtual experience are physically distributed. These services require sophisticated coordination of multiple, diverse resources. Home Manager With the advent of in-home networking and intelligent appliances, these services could monitor and control home security systems, energy systems, home entertainment systems, and other home appliances. Imagine youre
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watching television and the doorbell rings no problem you just use the TVs remote to get a view of your front entrance to see whos there. your children while youre at work. Or imagine monitoring your house while youre away on a trip, or your in-house nanny watching

Expected ServicesSoftware-Based Business Communication ServiceA new trend in the communication industry is enabling complete separation of the capability to support Business communication services, i.e., telephony, auto-attendant, video/web conferencing, instant, messaging, white boarding, etc., from the hardware platform or device that is hosting the service. This allows traditional software companies to focus on business/office

communication software suits that can be installed in general-purpose Internet connected servers for service specific execution and service implementation. High-Definition (HD) voiceA combination of availability of wide-band codecs (like G 7.22 and adaptive multi rate, wide-band, or AMR-WB) and ubiquitous broadband access in both wireless and wireline will be making widespread availability of HD and stereo voice communication services. These codecs support a sampling rate ranging from 14 KHz to 22 KHz to reproduce very clear and highly intelligible voice sounds. To support HD voice service, it is required to maintain codectransparency and band width availability across all segments of network access and transmission. Mobile and Managed Peer-to-Peer (M2P2P) ServiceTraditional P2P service is used for applications ranging from file sharing to real-time streaming and video communications. Since these contents are distributed throughout the Internet nodes, unmanaged P2P can generate tremendously large volume of redundant traffic especially in the transport links. Managed P2P service attempts to alleviate this problem by allowing

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trusted sharing of info related to the nearest logical location of the content and the best path to deliver the content to the requester. Wireless charging of hand held devices. Three Dimensional Televisions (3D-TV) Converged/Personalized/Interactive Multimedia Services. Grand-Separation for pay-per-use Service etc.

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Conclusion
Next Generation Network is the architectural evolution in telecommunication core and access networks. NGN is the concept of a network that could transport all information and services (voice, data, and all sorts of media such as video) by encapsulating these into packets, similar to those used on the Internet. NGNs are commonly built around the Internet Protocol, and therefore the term all IP is also sometimes used to describe the transformation toward NGN. The IP is stated as the internet glue as it is the basic idea behind NGN. This paper discussed the goals and expected services of the NGN technology. The NGN would successfuly provide new and amazing services as discussed above. From a users perspective, todays networks have come a long way in fulfilling their purpose of enabling people and their machines to communicate at a distance. However, a key critical success factor (among many) is focused telecommunications industry attention on NGN service concepts and how these concepts can be realized in an NGN environment, from the edges to the core of the network. This focus is lacking today, with most of the attention on specific NGN technology issues. However, we believe the most important issues to be addressed relate to NGN services and how they can be realized in an NGN environment. Common industry understanding of a Next Generation Service Architecture will help crystallize the requirements for each of the other NGN technology issues, as well as identify areas where industry cooperation is needed. This paper discussed a brief architecture and the goals and expected services of the NGN technology.

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Bibliography

Books Next Generation Telecommunications, Networks, Services and

Management- Thomas Plevyak and Veli Sahin Next Generation Mobile Networks and Ubiquitous Computing= Samuel Pierre

Internet

www.google.com www.cisco.com www.mobilein.com

Research Papers Cissco Telcordia Technologies R&M

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