Cultural behavior that is guided by the norms, values and ideals of a particular culture.

Cultural artifacts is the things people use as a part of their subsistence, ritual, or other cultural activities. Cultural Knowledge: What a person must know in order to function effectively in a given culture. Cultural knowledge may be tacit or explicit. Culture is the totality of ideas, behaviors and objects shared by a community or society. Ethnography is the process of discovering and describing a particular culture. A microculture is a system of cultural knowledge characteristic of a subgroup within a larger society. Tacit culture is culture that is not coded in language by a people, such as speaking distances. Explicit culture is culture that people are consciously aware of and can talk about. An informant is an individual from whom anthropologists learn a culture. A respondent is an individual who responds to survey questions normally associated with survey research. A subject is a person who is observed by social scientists conducting experimental social or psychological research. Naive realism is the belief (often unconscious) that people everywhere see the world in the same way. Ethnocentrism is the belief and feeling that one's own culture is best. Culture shock is a state of anxiety that results from cross-cultural misunderstanding. Detached observation is a research approach in which investigators observe human behavior and create their own categories and theories to describe and explain it. Kinship: the complex system of culturally defined social relationship based on marriage (the principle of affinity) and birth (the principle of consanguinity) Patrilocal Residence: The married couple lives with the grooms family Exogamy: Daughters marry out. They become part of their husbands families, and they dedicate their labor to their husbands families. Descent is based on the notion of a common heritage. Patrilineal descent: links relatives through males only. Consanguine: Blood kin. A relative by recognized descent from a common ancestor

 Affine: A relative by marriage. An in-law. Matrilineal descent: links relatives through females only. Descent theory: Theory that views marriage primarily as a way of tracing genealogical connections. Alliance theory: Theory that views marriage primarily as a way of creating connections between social groups. Dowry: Wealth transferred from the brides family to the grooms family upon marriage. Brideprice: Wealth transferred from the grooms family to the brides family upon marriage. Patriarchy: A condition in which male members of a society tend to hold most of the political, economic and decision-making power. Bilateral: descent links relatives though both males and female. Lineage is a localized group that is based on unilineal (patrilineal or matrilineal) descent and that usually has some corporate powers. Clans are composed of lineages. phratry is clans linked together in larger groups. Ramages , or cognatic kin groups, are based on bilateral descent. family is a kin group consisting of at least one married couple sharing the same residence with their children and performing sexual, reproductive, economic, and educational functions. A nuclear family (simple family) consists of a single married couple and their children. Stem family is a simple family plus husbands parents An extended family consists of multiple simple family, sons with their families living with aging parents. Marriage is the socially approved union of two people, is a second major principle of kinship. Exogamous: marriage outside any particular named group. Endogamous is indicating the opposite of exogamous. Monogamous: where it is preferred that only one woman should be married to one man at a time.

 Polygamous: one person may be married to more than one person simultaneously Polygyny: the marriage of one man with more than one woman simultaneously Polyandry: the marriage of one woman with more than one man. The incest taboo: a legal rule that prohibits sexual intercourse or marriage between particular classes of kin, is often explained as a way to extend alliances between kin groups. Science is an epistemology: a way of gaining knowledge about a particular subject. Theory is a model of the world that helps us interpret how and why things happen the way they do. Data is systematically collected information that helps refute or support a theory. Deduction: Proceeds from general assumptions to specific conclusions. Induction: Proceeds from specific examples to general conclusions. Biological anthropology is the branch of anthropology that studies the physical, biological characteristics of the human species Archaeology studies the structures and behaviors of prehistoric societies, primarily by examining material culture. Anthropological Linguistics is the study of language, especially diversity in language. Cultural Anthropology is the branch of anthropology that studies cultural diversity. Invention: The process of creating new cultural forms (including behaviors, artifacts, or knowledge), usually as a way of satisfying some need. Invention is adaptive. Enculturation: The process by which individuals (usually as children) acquire behavioral patterns and other aspects of their culture from others, through observation, instruction, and reinforcement. Innovation: the process of applying old principles to new functions or forms. Diffusion: The passing of cultural traits from one culture to another. Acculturation: The widespread replacement of one set of cultural traits with another. Transculturation: The process of an individuals moving to a new society and adopting a new culture. Culture loss: The process by which old cultural patterns are lost