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1m

MAKING A SINE WAVE

Audio computation in Pd is done using "tilde objects" such
as the three below. They use continuous audio streams to
intercommunicate, as well as communicating with other
("control") Pd objects using messages.
osc~ 440
< 440 Hz. sine wave at full blast
*~ 0.05
< reduce amplitude to 0.05
dac~
< send to the audio output device
Audio computation can be turned on and off by sending

messages to the global "pd" object as follows:
;
pd dsp 1
ON
;
pd dsp 0
< click these
OFF
You should see the Pd window change to reflect whether

audio is on or off. You can also turn audio on and off
using the "audio" menu, but the buttons are provided as a
shortcut.
When DSP is on, you should hear a tone whose pitch is A 440
and whose amplitude is 0.05. If instead you are greeted
with silence, you might want to read the HTML documentation
on setting up audio.
In general when you start a work session with Pd, you will
want to choose "test audio and MIDI" from the help window,
which opens a more comprehensive test patch than this one.
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osc~ 440
osc~ 440
osc~ 440
0.1 2000
< slow on
dbtorms
0.1 50
< fast on
osc~ 550
+~
0.1
< instant on
osc~ 660
0 2000
*~ 0
0 50
< slow off
+~
< fast off

output~
dac~
0
line~
(a)
*~
< instant off

< ramp generator
< multiplier: this time
dB 0
mute
(c)
taking a signal in
dac~
on both sides.
(b)
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IN
OUT
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:<vbjK7uCF732
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4 = 6

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ZK= U9$^$vbjihH/H<93?}=>GUJ 7u2@~H2Xj.A7P: H>493\Z.H>GU7 j.7P_:)E.:<=<v79 \.U?$\.;K7:XJ'7u@+L=>?393CCFE.G47 GU7@~H)H<H>jK?}7 = 4U\K^$v ji?$HC 93U\K\.J^MH>: j.4^37u\%\ 9LGCMv ?3?$\i=<7NH>=<ti?$;G4:X_vbH<ij.G47Ng i:l@+E=>7u?37C J
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^@+$:<?$j.7u=N\.?)7H<=>j.\ 97H<4\[?3: =Ur\h9;KU^$\%:<;.J? =<_J.7/9F93QLC}GB2RQ ?$;.+:>GUZ Hv 44E.vGU_G 94 7uH>U=D?3\}=OH<9)?:lE%jKv 7??$=)\i4?LH<\ =>J ?34_v\XGH<WYj.97[jK39?37 EL@+;L?$H>H>7u=<E.C=;LHT21$2r 9CF4T^3;.E.@~H<=>G 7U7YH<\ ;KQL JL2 `?$7 \.Z U7'\;K9$H<:<jKJ.77VJ.:O::<9939CM\V77O9\i3$7 7u9HbG4g9?3Z.E9$G477:
H> j.U7OH<j C'99T53^37 \ HbI9H>]cZ.;KG4?3JL7 =N7N?iE%?:<@7v 9H<UG4j._N97OH<97?$CF\h=>:3E.7uG9G4U?3=>H<E;K7 7PJL?37^3@~H<7u1 7\K\ 7u:<=b?;K9H<:<H>?$7jKJ="9# :/HOH<?3? H>;Lj.:lH>7ghE.\i;L9H<CFHjK2 E.7G: IUH>k;K7cJL:<7'?3?3;.@\KJKH<jK:7' ?3U;LH<jH>E.;L:<E%H 7_:v /UK;K7J:H
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E.E.9HT=>=>?L7uKE%v =b79::<=>HP:7JC )4U\^$j j$_v9$HNbJLjZ7M9vu\K93: \vuU^$7P\H<93j.U\K%7Jvu\ 93:l\$HbH<9H ?$$=<787Z.J ;LE.HP4G4\9$H<v j %7 _:GUP74:\CFH>9=<?Fg7Z%9ZG)7N7MH G4U?$J.CF93?3J.73\.72 7 J Ur.\4\i=>7H<93?MtiJL;.CF79\$7u\%H>CFv GUg7[?3=>?3g/@X993H<$jK:/7 7M\.H>793:<7ghZ.JL\$G477H>:Fj.J'79@+: ?3=>_:7=
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H=>1 U7 C}ti4; Z.: 4=<=<477\ : :B3EK:l/= 94U\K$H>vvb7 4jH>E.93UG4\.Z.7 ÔG47Y4\L:<Kgi9\3\i7uIH>H>j.H>7u937G4Z.g: 4GU:7K:_:7 BH< ?VC}4Z.vb;KG4jK7vb93j}9$\.G4:F^377:>9:|H>j.7 H>L77)vbEHj.7u4\C[\K_t: iZK43;.=<7$772U@+\MAT?3=FH>\ 7uE.=>U\iCF=>H<?h7:|J.=<?3;KCF@v 74vu\.J?3^c4CF9H<HE.74;LCMH>Hb779vbH j.4?393\ \M=<_tgiZ.4;.\.;L7 ^H
CF93\K?3J =>7 GU7%:<:N7 7uUhZKEGU787u\%9: \%43J 7F7 H>LjKE97u\ \K: 9$43J.7J UH<H 4jK3937'\ :lgh: U\iCFH<jKE.7G47: 4:/ 9_:$O7 H>H>?93Z.v G4=>779:<H>gi7M\iH>H j.4CM7: 7 4:M Z.93=<;.g HF4\.G47^:>: C KUh7 H< ;.4Z.=>7G47:
HZ4\8/7 H? K/ ^$7uH<;.7j =<\M_:7F9NQL_::<2 `.CF42P\093DGUL7 7u&\h=>7;.7Mv C}HMYZ%7M987=B:lv ;.=>?EK?$@%E%:>.: ?iL :l@7937[JMJLH<7F/jK99ZHP$7 7 H:<Hb/?39CF7uZ.7G47}\7:: H<2Uj.^$ \K7'@9H<HG|j./7y ?\h/;.C[9$Z 67 7u@+
?$=Bw=<?3C'@1 : _:9T933:V7uH<?H>J 934vuZ.93?3GU^37\i=b: H<9=>_:CF?3|G?3CFH<\KjK7GUgJ 7
4
Qm

:

x[n]
(a)
0
40
40
y[n]
(b)
50
z[n]
(c)
1
40
y2[n]
(d)
z2[n]
(e)
UGr ?hU?$^$i;.;K=<7[E Q.2 vQ !Y9\K9J 3+7u7 H>93!|Z.H>GU7Oj.7VG4?hv ?3?$h=<;.=>7E:<2E%?$ 9 \K J !4\.9'^M?39;L3H>7uE.H>;L9H>ZK:GU27 +Z T9\KJ J !): U^$\K9G U\.EK;LH>:T@+?3=
Qip
+

/
frequency
frequency
N
N
0
0
1
1
1
1
X
OUT
OUT
(a)
(b)
r93CM4^3EK;.G =>U7}H<;KQLJ.2 7V` !v ?3 /\iGUH>?L=<vb?$GJZh4g93^393=b\9C 7u\h397GU)?$@+E%?37P=P^397\.7u9=b397 H>Hb?39=Z.2 G47NGU?h?$i;KE8?$:>v 4GU_9H>?3= 9\%J +Z D IH>j
=>937u\KG_J9H IU@$7D:6 H>=<

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B: K 4^3\%y 93G_/:/7TH<?^$7 ZHX7[H>j.v =>7D?$%:>: => :l@H9$JL?3\K7J7
93=<B7 = 6 4
93\KJ 6
L/7Ov ?$CMEK;LH<7NH>j.7V: 4^3\%9G
A1 7 4 6
= 6
D: 4 6
6
2
?$=h7ti; 49G47u\iH<G4g93\KJ;K:l;%9G4UgCF?$=<7N7 ;v U7\$H)H>?'vu9G_v ;KG49H<7
= 6
U: 4 6
6
&7 = 6
0
j _:)\v ?$;KCF: 4\.E.^M;LH>H<9j H 44:/?3\H>74vb:Tj.\J _t4i93;.^3=b79H<CF?'CFv =>7?$J :>: U\ @93KJ.^$7T;.Z=<7V7 HQ./2 d%7u7u2 \937 Hb9Z.G47T?i:<v UG4_9H<?$=>: IH)C U^$jiH
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9CF\OU=>h7H>7vuj.J?37=b2 JL?7H>Jj.7u:<=|?3jK;.93\K\KJ J H<UjK@7u9=>=>7VZ U H<=bUG49=>Zg7}993E.7ujKH>9393Z.: 4GU\.7^': 937 =<&7Y7;Kv HP:l793J :D+H<@+?3j.=7MUJ\%:&Hb97=<\K7vu\$7 HZ/?39=>$=<7 ?@+/?3=>7C'JP@+:)=>?39=>C 7
ZvbjK7 9H/U\ 7uj U7\._:\O^ 3:<9v vbjK=>:<?$7u;K:>CFvu: vu 7'7@9$:>vu:J 94U?3\\K\c^TZ?C'7'@/97 H gVh4C[H<Z7Z7D\K7uJL;K=b7:<:uJ72'J}4AD\0H<?GUH<974\$=<JKH>\%7u9 9=>_:H lE%4g3?$7G4vb9GUjKg H<97U?3Z\c= 7 H<H4?/\7uH>v 7u=>?3\M9C}$H7uZ/GB4?O\K99J v H '&U?3?$\i7u\cH=>U7u\h \i;.HBUH<?$Hj0;KUC}:NJ.Z.9EK4=<9:<7H>g : j
@+H?$/=O?c7 ?$.='9CF7u$E.7uG47\93:l:V7397u=b@+9;KG\Kv H 9U?$3\07u@+?3?=>@CFC[:};K?: @O4v99G: J.4\.gi^$\%GU978C :<4giv3\i2H>j.7 ?H 4vJL?3?H<j4vu_:7Vg$E.?3G49; g$7YJ ?$;.9G_HJcJ EK&=<77EK=<79\i=>7H
Qz

:

frequency
0
1
OUT
r U^$;.=<7VQ.2 d ! /G4?LvbJ _9^3=b9C

@+?$=Dv =>?$:>: @93J U\.^MZ7 H/7u7u\H/?M937uH>93Z.GU7:u2
3Q o
JLJLghgh\K\K9393CC 44vvP:ug32?$9;\KJ 94\i\iH<H7u2 =>E?3G_9H<7OZ7 H/7u7\:l;%vuv 7:<: 437N?3\.7:T9$:D9M@+;.\Kv H 4?3\8?@|H>j.7V?3;.H<E.;LH
:<\7v HI Hb4?3:?3\;M: 2 UvuCF93E.\VG47u7$:lHF7u\V@+?3;K=>:<C7EKH<=<j 7 _: =>7_:vu'?3=bvuJL93GU74J 7J 4\K
3:lH<:>=>9;.CFCFE.7uG U\i\KH>^ 93
G 9?3\K=J ?H<4jK:M7u=H>j.7:<?3;.:<;.\KZLJK:79$v H:9T?@/H<9j.$787 @+?3\.=>7uChH 2

+
* +*
1: .1032540 3
>= 7:<?[9$93JCMC'UEK9HT$GU7 ZK7

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N:<93;K\Kj.93J'7GU=<4H>7)gj.H>v7u?[9\G4CFUG4797JH<937\9 =
9F: U\.P^$? GU47N\.E^? Z%4\i93H vbU\H>?89\8K9^$;%;.J=<7U?'Q.: 2 QU^$\K:<9;.G E..E93:?$:<JL7'7:<H>vujK= 94ZH 7UJ\K:lUH<\ 793WYJjK?393@ELH<di7y=OE%132? U\iHb:OH<jK7937 Hb9Z.G47
4d$dK 6 1
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3` y

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6
BK = 6
&7 = 6 7 1
2
6
.K 1QG4?3^ = 6
&7 = 687 1
0
H<j.T77u\ =>7' H< 6 j.
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= 6
&7 = 687 1
.Ke1 0
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+

-0
2( 034&0 3

*

! .1032 %'!
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`$Q

:

frequency
1/2
optional for
centered segments
segment size
segment location
1
OUT
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:l:l 77 ^3^3
MCFCF?3E7u7u\i\i7uHH=b#29:FH 4C ?3\ _JL4E%: ? UU\K\ivuH GU;%JL?37H<Jj.7U=<@ /_:l7O7 /_:l7j:lH<Ej.77}v I:l@+7g ^3CFH<jK7u78\iH)GU?LGUvu?L9vH94H ?34\?3\?H<@P?'H<ZjK77V:<GU7uE%@~7Hv U7uK\%7JJ8?9$@P:/H<H<j.j.77

`$`
+

(a)
new periods
(b)
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`d

:

frequency
size
X
location
1
0
1
0
OUT
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ìf

frequency
1.3
a
0.3
WRAP
OUT
1
0.3
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d%1

original
best fit
interpolated
0.2
0.1
error
0
0.1
0.2
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di`

0
mtof
0
tabosc4~ table10
table10
output~
dB 0
mute
r 4^3;.=>7VQL241Q!|A937 Hb9Z.G47P?$:>v 4GU_9H>?3= ! y.1$2 937uH>93Z.GU7:u2 EJ 2

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%%(

+
+
(+
+

dhf

frequency
squeeze
162
206
generation >
phasor~
pack 0 50
range
adjustment >
*~
line~
phase
+~ 1
+~ 128
tabread4~ waveform12
<click to graph
output~
dB 4
tabwrite~ waveout12
mute
waveform12
waveout12
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d$m

:

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32
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high pass filter to cut DC
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chunk size
(hundredths of a
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phasor~
phasor~ 0
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chunk size
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cos~
~ 0.5
*~
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tabread4~ table18
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0
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line~
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%%
+
+
+

+
f.1

loadbang
< transposition,
< transposition
r chunksize
r precession
t b f
t b f
(tenths of a halftone)
expr pow(2, $f1/120)
expr (pow(2, $f1/120)$f3)/$f2
r chunksize
+~ 0.5
t b f
/
phasor~
+~ 0.5
s~ phase
phasor~
wrap~
s~ phase
s~ phase2
wrap~
< precession
(percent)
* 0.01
s~ phase2
/ 0.9
(chunk size and read point

controls not shown)
phasor~
* 0.001
*~ 0.9
s chunksize
r chunksizesamples
s~ readpt
samphold~
s precession
loadbang
10
10
chunk
size
<(msec)
r~ phase
r chunksize
r~ phase
samphold~
*~
r~ readpt
+~ 1
+~
r~ phase
samphold~
tabread4~ table22
r~ phase
r~ phase
*~
r~ phase
~ 0.5
+~
r~ readpt
*~ 0.5
*~ 44100
~ 0.5
cos~
+~ 1
*~ 0.5
tabread4~ table23
*~
< (second reader
not shown)
hip~ 5
+~
output~
hip~ 5
+~
r~ phase
cos~
*~
< (second reader
not shown)
dB 0
mute
(a)
output~
(b)
dB 0
mute
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3f Q

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9G4;.7j.:u27OH/?FKGUH<7= 4\.^:lH<=b9H>7u^ 47:DCF9gZ%7};K:<7J8:<7uEK93=>9H<7uG4g?$=T: 4C[;KGIHb9\.7?3;K:<GUg$2 H 4:
;K793:<;Kvbj93GU:<4gE7\.v 7U%vu7vO:>::<I93H>=<;Kg9H H<U??$\ H>9 4U\G4?3)=j H<j._vb7}jH<H>jKj.=<=>77:l:<j.j.?$?3G4G_J J 4\.9^ G4;.47::P;K9:<7\KJJ 2 ?3=NJL793JH UCF7:PZhg8jK93\KJ8H>?
m3m

-
onsets
threshold
(a)
turnoffs
time
(b)
high threshold
low threshold
(c)
dead periods
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emhp
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7^$93&\K7 HD7Jv 9FHN9:<?)9@=bC}9H>E%?i;.?39GIHH<=>Uj?3EK;.GU9\Kg HD4J\.9M^?$C[E%97;.=>:>GU9H94H<E.?$G4H<=D7V?hH<???H>@j^3H<j.7u/HP7O99$?$7[= JL4^ 7Zh4: g8\KU=>9397G%\J@+=>E.U7\ijKtiH<93;.7:<^377}\K7=v :<g$j H<2 UjK@~H7u2V\ r )4^3=>;.93=>E.7}E 4`K\.2 ^z93:lj.=<?$?;.D\K:TJH<jKH>?7
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+
m3z
-

frequency
WRAP
OUT
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m$o

IN
trigger
S/H
OUT
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py

in
-
delay time
delay
(a)
out
time
(input)
(b)
(c)
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+
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%+
%%

+
+
+
+
+
+
p$p

+
< play the sample
bang
;
cutoff 0 5
delay 5
cut the
sound off
Wait for the

cutoff to finish
;
phase 1, 4.41e+08 1e+07;
cutoff 1
set the upper line~ to start

at the first sample and play
forever (or until next trigger)
start new playback

< record
r phase
vline~
tabread4~ tab28
0, 1 5
adc~ 1
del 3990
hip~ 5
0 10
r cutoff
*~
*~
(OUT)
line~
vline~
tabwrite~ tab28
r U^$;.=>7N`K2U1d !D?$\ GU?h?3E U\.^F:>9CFE.G47u=2
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+
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)

po

+
phasor~ 0.6
main loop: sawtooth of amplitude 9
*~ 9
read frequency sequence
tabread~ sequence
phasor~
wrap~
~ 0.5
*~ 100
+~ 1
9x original frequency sawtooth

adjust for reading
envelope sample
tabread4~ envelope
*~
multiply by audiofrequency sawtooth
*~ 128
cos~
+~ 1
*~
+~ 129
adjust amplitude
and center for wavetable
tabread4~ sample
multiply by raisedcosine smoothing function
(out)
sequence
sample
envelope
r 4^3;K=<7O`.241f !AT\89\K93GU?$^:lgh\iH<j.7: 4ku7= :lHgiG47T:<7ti;.7\Kv 7=2
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-

notein
f store pitch below

pit
t b f
vel
b bang to recall velocity
noteon
filter
stripnote
float
velocity stored here
sel 0
test for note on or off
on
off
float
pitch
mtof
/ 127
select
$1 100
0 1000
recall pitch
test against latest
noteon pitch
phasor~
~ 0.5
line~
envelope generator now controls

amplitude as well as grain size
+~ 0.5
cos~
+~ 1
*~
*~
*~ 2
*~
cos~
This replaces the tabread4~

in the previous patch.
(OUT)
r 4^3;.=>7O`.241m !|Ae5T:HghG47NCM?$\.?3EKj.?3\ _vN:lgh\iH<jK7: Uk7u=2

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!&

+
oK1
time
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trigger
snapshot
reset/
trigger
level
...
OUT
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"

control
voice 1
voice 2
voice 3
OUT
r 4^3;K=<7NdK2 z !BA$? _v 7PZK9\.@+?3=)E?3G4ghE.j.?3\ 4vN:<gi\iH>j.7: 4:2

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od

"
"notes"
voice
allocation
voice 1
voice 2
voice 3
OUT
r 4^3;.=>7NdK2 o !B{|?3G4ghE.j.?$\ 4v3? 4vu7P93GU4?Lvu9H 4?3\

a
b
c
d
voice 1...
..
..........
...
voice 2.......
time
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"

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"
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-0 0&!$#32564( 0 4&0

8
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7 J9L\K&EKJ 793=<:\K7UJLC\$7H 4J}G U93\hH>=<3?OG4g?LCMv@+97?3H 9= 4\?3 \% :H>j.?
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?3:ljKZLI?H>j7)v \ H9c.U\F9v =>\KK7J9^$H ;.?3U=>?$;.7D\H)dKvu924?313=>CF^31$;.27CF:/\H>7j.\$EK7VH}93=l:<7H ;.tiC ;K9 9 GY93i\KH<9VJ?0EKJ fL9'&Hb2 vb7uj =>7uUj.\h\K73vu?$7O\i3;K?7C[@|: z'Z 7uE.9=FG4\K;KzJ:<C _:fLVU2 \h@+;K7:J0
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.Z.2FZ.7;Lv HjHb:D_:P_:'v EK?$=b=<99=>HbH<7vbjK:<j E7u=?3_:O\KJLJ:l7ujKKH<?\.?F)7H<\J jK74Zh\cgU\KEKGUH<937uj.H>=l7:H
ohp

(b)
(a)
inlet
8
plusminus 5
13
+ $1
$1
outlet
outlet
h\r ;K4^3:;.
P=> 7XIdKH>24j'131fP! 9${:BJ 9O# :v =>937ZK9:lH H<U=b?$93\}v H 93U=<?$^$\N;.CMCF77uvb\ijKH9 \ +Z4:<C H>!j.7D9 v ?$4\$\iH>$7u?3\i H>4:|\.?3^@%H<H>j.j.7/79KZKG4:l7 H< =b 93E.v G4H ;K4?3:<\C 4\h EK;KGU:;K2 E:<C J
.' 2
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493\iZKH<:=>H>?h=>J.9$;Kv Hv U7?$J \K: 4\ H>jKvb9jKHB93ELH>j.H<77u=g}C'1 )9rg[4J ^3_:;.l=>E.7 G_913g[2 zvu?3 v\i H<2 =>?3G_:|j 93_::|EK:<93j.=l?HXD?3:@KH<93jK\7 4=X93J.Z%J ?ILH 7U?$:|\K?39\MG)H<@+j.797)H>E%;.9=<=>7 7u\i?H@
EK9H>vbj .:<7u7PH>j.7V{JJL?Lv ;.CF7\$Hb9H U?$\@+?$=D9FJL7:>v = UE.H 4?3\?@H<j _:/@+79H<;.=>732

.1032 !
"

#
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CZ7P4GU:<47 :<H7vu9?3H/\KH<JKj.:7P~CFH<jK?37VCF=<7u7\iGU7HY93H<:<j.7P7 H 4 CM=>7u7 G4729$:lAD7
OG_:l? Z.;L4H<\H<?3v\ 93:<4:Y7NE.H<j.=>77 :>:l7J L9
'M?3CFZL7:>7:>v 9HD^3jK7 934E.:E%:<77u\K\i:HH>H>??
UG_H92[;.\%vbjj 4U:P\K^ E.=>UH>7u:)$7u=>\i7uH>G47:T9$H<:lj.7N7':<7uA ^3PCF]7^\$H237\.7u=b9H>?3=T@+=<?$C G493;.\Kvbj 4\.^ IHb:PJ.7vu9g:<7u^$CF7u\iHP9@~H<7u=
9?3'@{YH>j.J8\07 9EKZK9
:lH>H<vb=bj93v 93HZK4?3:lyiH<\ QL=b2 9393+\Kv J.H 93:<UCF=?$2\E7JJ C'93+K
3^37;K:=<U7'HD:<E?Fd%2U?$H<1:>j%` : 94Z.H YG47NU7'HPH<v7?9\K\8v vu?$937\iEK93H<:<=>: ;.U?3G4G4Gg9H<H<Z7FjK7[7OH>j.=>K7u73E.7OAG _vA uN9P]H>7^] J 2)$7uEK\.9j.7=b7}=>99CFJLH<7?37 : H>= U7u^$4=b\\ :

!$%#

o3z

attack
"
release
stop
10 200
del 200
1 2500
0 500
line~
(IN)
*~
(OUT)
r 4^3;.=>7NdK241Q!|aT: 4\.^9" N?3ZL7v H)H<?F^$7u\.7=>9H<7N9\8AN] 7u\h37GU?$E%7$2

trigger
adsr 1 100 200 50 300
osc~ 440
*~
(OUT)
r U^$;.=<7Nd%2U1` !|\h3?3 4\.^}H<j.7

9ZK:lH<=b93v H 4?3\2
7U\KUH<GU7uj.H>7:=D2 Zhg:<;.E.E.G4g U\K^v =>79H U?$\93=<^$;.CF7u\iH>:?$=DZhgvu?3\.\.7v H U\.^vu?3\iH<=>?3G:lH<=>793C':/H<? UH>:
H<GU7j.37M7GE\[ 7XH>9j98\K4:|JG47u7u$.=<7u79G GUCF7939E.:<HlG47'Hb7Y93H>H vbj.4CF7/H73KU20CF377v j.=>J.7u77=>97vuH 94?39g\M=>7H 9UCF=>: ^3U7 ;.CFv :<?$;K7u\i\i:lH<H>Hb=>9 : ?3U\clG 1 4.GU\.71G43y37 7uHby G : 3!' Q393y3H>:Pj.y 973fEKy 7u=>=b:l93H[v \K7H>\$J[? Hb`$9H>y3^$= y7[4^3 ?^$:<@X7uE%=[E7v7H<U93j.@+g7
Aj.N7O] ?3
^;.H<3E.7;L\.HD7u=b?39@ H>?3H>j.= 7V99\%ZKJ :lH<H>=bj.93v 7H 4?3?3H<\ j.74:D=>:N93H>\?893;.;KEJ J.4?'9H>: 7'4^3H<\Kj.937G 2 93GU;K7:O?3@YH>j.7'K$7'EK9=b9CF7 H>7u=b:u2
Zh9\KgFJ vuG _vj b4 :BU\K93^[ZK :l?3H<\=b93H<vj.j.H 7M7U?$H>\ j.
=<4:7M7 =>7?393Z.G 4ku77v J[H ?3934Z.\:7:<H<vj.jKHb?7:[)EKvu\ 9?3H>4=>vb\[=<j7K:l2 }E^$;.?3=>\Kj.7Jc7dKH>24?$?1u\.d%G4H<2gFjK 7: 4^3?3H>\Kj.;}93=<v7G%97?$\}ZLCF?377Ev :>7uH>:<\V:/93^3H>97j =>7_:?$|ZLEK97 Hbv vbH>j :
@+:l=<7?$^3CCF7uH>\ij.Hb7:u2 79=>G 47u=O%^3;.=>7'dK241Q.2j.7g Hb9$7vu9=>7'?@H>j.79H<H>9$vb |JL7vu9g |9\%J=<7GU793:<7
CFZhg 7u\i:lHD7j.\K?7OJ @49H<\.Hlj.^Hb7}93\hvb9;.ZKC[:l:<H<7uZ=b^$7u93CM=bv :PH 74H<\i?3?H\ Y^$H>j.?h?773:7 = H<E?'7939}8C H>9GUU7=>G43^3_:7u7u<G7H
v :<?$E9\K\K7J.vJ :UKL 7H<9JjKHl7Hb9$:<93:7Ovb
93GU4;K+\.H<7j.G4:)7 7PHbC':uK29=bg:HDZj.vu7F7V=<7?=>97u3H G4747?3=<9$)\:l7F= 9U=>Hl:l^3H<77;^ \
CF7u\iH 4:): 4C 4G_9=)7 .vu7uELHD: UCFE.G47u=D: U\%v 7PH<j.7NHb9=>^37uH _:)9G49gh:Yku7=<?%2Bj.7OjK9=bJE%9=<H _:

o$o

attack
trigger
test for negative trigger
moses
inlet
t b b
release
if zero
cancel
decay
if so, zero
the output
sel 0
t b
... do this
stop
anyway
peak
level
inlet
attack
decay
sustain
inlet
inlet
inlet
ATTACK:
optionally
f $1
jump
to zero
pack 0 $2
... then
DECAY
del $2
release
f $4
* $1
* 0.01
pack 0 $3
recall peak level
inlet
pack 0 $5
RELEASE: ramp
and pack with
back to zero
line~
attack time
outlet~
r U^$;.=<7Nd%2U1d !|\K: 4JL7PH>j.7

93ZK:H>=>9$v H U?$\2
1y$y

"
QUARTIC
LINEAR
r freq
r amp
unpack
unpack
sqrt
sqrt
*~
sqrt
sqrt
output~
line~
line~
dB 0
*~
*~
mute
*~
*~
r freq
line~
r amp
osc~
line~
osc~
sample messages
*~
;
freq 1760 5000
output~
dB 0
;
freq 55 5000
mute
Er UUH>^$vb;.j=<2 7[dK241f! 4\.79=T93\KJti;K9=<H _vNH>=>93\K:@+7=D@+;.\%v H 4?3\%:D@+?$=vbjK93\.^ 4\.^9CFE.G UH<;KJL7M9\KJ

H<H 4j.CF77 JL7~vH>j.9gM7":<7u^$ CM7\iH3?3)ZLj 74v vbHj 293^$9 jK4\F7C[:l;K;K:l:lH>HY9 ZU\7TG4:<7u7 $H7u? G &_:V9vu@~H<937G4=Yvu;.9OG_9JLH<77G4J9gM@+=>7?3tiC;K93H<GLj.H<7?[H<E%j.77T9 9HlG4Hb7u93$vb7u G
9\KJH<j.jK7'7VH<:l=;K4:l^3H>^39 7U=\UE\K7uGU7u=bHv 7\$I@DHb9:<^$7u7\iH[C[9;.\hGUH;.4C[E.G4Zg 7u4\.=V^F?3H>H<j.j.7N7=OHYH<j%?'993\\KkuJ7=<J ? U _JH<= U4\K^3^'^37Zi=>g:N931\0y3y ?3 \K2 :<7 H +H<j.7
H<9+)j.H<H>7j 93=<_vCFvbb'j8?$93=<97\KG_u:lJ?MH>j.JL^3777vuA \.97uNgF=b9] :lH>70^7^3:CF$7u97u\.\\i7Hb?$=>: 9\K H<h:l?$7u93=H \K CFJ 2 9UgP@:<Z7u7X\iH=<7ku:l7u7u=>H? H<$?TH<ku= 47u^3=>^3?)7Zh=>g:XH<:<j.7u\K7PJ =>U7u\.G4^7939):<7\.7u:<î7u^$9CFH U$7u7|\iHH<=2BUr.^$^3;K7u= =
!
)*!$%+!

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1yiQ

"
partial 1 1 0.56 0
pitch
partial 0.67 0.9 0.56 1
72
partial 1 0.65 0.92 0
mtof
partial 1.8 0.55 0.92 1.7
s frequency
partial 2.67 0.325 1.19 0

duration, tenths
of a second
partial 1.67 0.35 1.7 0
40
partial 1.46 0.25 2 0
* 100
partial 1.33 0.2 2.74 0
s duration
partial 1.33 0.15 3 0

partial 1 0.1 3.76 0
< click to play
partial 1.33 0.075 4.07 0

s trigger
catch~ sum
(out)
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$1
$2
$3
$4
trigger
arguments:
r trigger
amplitude;
relative duration;
relative frequency;
detune
ATTACK
t b b
relative
frequency
del 5
DECAY
float $3
float $2
r frequency
times global
frequency
+ $4 plus detune
relative
duration
r duration
actual duration
*~
*~
sqrt
sqrt
attack time
5 msec
line~
*~
* 0.1
$1 5
0 $1
osc~
throw~ sum
float $1
quartic amplitude
curve
add to global
summing bus
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'') !&
"!

*!$#

%"+!$#&%
1yif

51.8
loadbang
s pitch
metro 30
s polltable
s whammybar
spectrumpartial 1
send bangs to "polltable"

needed by the abstraction
spectrumpartial 2
spectrumpartial 3
spectrumtab
12
24
36
48
60
72
84
96
108
120
bHr 94Z.^3;.G473=>2 7d%2U1z !AJ.J UH 4378:<gi\iH>j.7: 4:}@+?$=F9:<E%7v UK7J :<E%7v H<=b9G7\i$7uG4?3E7 J.=>9)\ 4\9
1y$m

"
$1: partial number
r pitch
mtof
pitch to frequency
* $1
then get the frequency of this specific partial
ftom ... and then convert back to pitch.

r polltable
f
calling patch bangs this every 30 msec.
... at which time we get the pitch back...

and transpose by shifting table index.
r whammybar
tabread4 spectrumtab
get the strength from the table
moses 1
0
The vertical scale is dB from 1 to 50,

but we want true zero when
+ 50
the table value is 0 or less.
dbtorms
pack 0 30
osc~
line~
*~
throw~ sumbus
r 4^3;.=>7NdK241o !|jK7!

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1 yhp
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"
r note
unpack 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
t b f
counter to
generate tags
+ 1
mod 1e+06
supply later
noteoff
allocate voice
get rid of
noteoff
makenote 64
poly 8 1
stripnote
pack 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
route to a voice depending

on voice number from poly
route 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
sampvoice
one "sampvoice"
sampvoice
abstraction
for each
voice, each
sampvoice
sampvoice
adding its
sampvoice
own output
to a sum (left
sampvoice
inlets and
sampvoice
outlets)
sampvoice
(OUT)
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1y$o

inlet
bang
delay for
mute to
take effect
delay 5
store parameters first in

floats below until muted
unpack 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
t b b b
mtof
* 44.1
/ 261.62
+ 1
* 4.41e+08
+
ending
read
point
mute and
unmute
delay
f
starting
read
point
pack 0 0 0 0 0
attack
0 5
1 5
wavetable
index
vline~
delay for
note end
$3, $4 1e+07
$5
0, $1 $2
makefilename sample%d
vline~
mute
set $1
select
wavetable
decay
0 $1
unpack
dbtorms
sqrt
tabread4~ sample1
sqrt
*~
line~
amplitude
envelope
*~
*~
inlet~
add to
summing
bus
*~
+~
outlet~
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partials
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*~
*~
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(out)
*~
*~
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200
modulation
osc~
frequency
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(a)
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1
0.5
2
3
4
5
partial number
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fiddle~ 2048
pd delay
unpack
loadbang
moses 1
0.5
15
mtof
0.5 < multiplier
*
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osc~ ring modulation
*~ 2
pd
extra gain
on/off for original
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pd
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(out)
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loadbang
225
< frequency of second tone
225
osc~ 200
loadbang
+~
50
amplitude of sum
*~
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50
/ 100
clip~ 1 1
(out)
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0.5
a=0.15
0
0
10
12
14
0.25
a=0.38
0
0
10
12
14
0.25
a=0.84
0
0
4
6
8
10
partial number
12
14
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frequency
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1
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index of
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frequency
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OUT
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E

1udio
100
80
60
40
20
Hanning
100
80
60
40
20
Gaussian
AMPLITUDE (dB)
100
80
60
40
20
Cauchy
...
PARTIAL NUMBER
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phase generator
fundamental
frequency
phase
trigger
S/H
1
carrier
modulator
WRAP
0
k+1
WRAP
1
X
index
0
10
10
X
OUT
1
X
0
p
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CF93:<;.\K7uZKJ\i:lHbH H>9Uj H<G/_:;LO@+H>=<7N\.7ti?3H<j.C;.7V7u4\K\K93vu9ZKg3G4:<2 g?3G4T;LYH<??$7NY;.G_7J93G47u;.=>= 77NXti?:; U@4\K=<H<vu7Mj.77V;KH>:N: j.4H>\i7?;%/:l;K? 9:l4$7J 7! :<9jKE.9Ej%U93\.:<^?3=P@+;.H<;.\K\Kv H 7UJc?$\ H<?_:FjK7u93$GI@/7u\ H<j.X7F/@+7;K\KCFJ.99 g
: 4\ N Q
)?$\.j 73_v2bVj =<77NE%7vu99H>\:)v 9?3HCFH<E.j.;.7NH<@+7D=>7H>tij ;._:/7\K: 4v CM*g EKN GUg'~H>Zhj.gF7N;KK: =bU\.:H)^MjK9V93jKGI@B93v GI@gLvuv GUgL7 vuGU_:7PH<: j.4\h7V;K:>:l9? CF4J7O9393:/:/9VH>j.7V93:<7 7Hbv 9?$Z.\KG4J 7
G4: ?hU\h?3;Kh:<;.? E_J'@+;KH>\KjKv9H HDU?$/\ 7OEK 9$I:<H>:YjH<E.?Fj%H>93j.:<7O7=>;.9\.3\ 74:<\.jK^}93E @+=<U\K?$C^V@+;.7 \Kv H QO4?3H<\? 2 Q .9\KJ IH _:YH<j _:=<7v H IK7J
G4?h9?3G4;.hAD7;.GU: E H<jK+=>?3=b79;.9$\.^$vb^jj UU\K\KY^D^7@+@+E=>=<?3?$_vC C H<;KyTb=<17TH<y/? H<H<j.?[7P1H>/yj.97 $U47 \%\VHbJL9937 Z.v [G4H<7;K?393@+@K;.G CFU\KHgTv ?LH JL/4?3;.7 \G_#9=>H?7B4$?3?37u\ \.=Y2G4gTZ% ?3@%;KH<H<: jj.4\.7 \.^)47\KH<^$jKJL97X7 H }4E%3?i?7T:@%93UCFH \K43J'?L7YJLE:;.?$_JG_L:9I7|H H UU@+?$$?3\ 7=
HbH>7uj.9LZ.7Nvu7uG4H>7Y79 J.G4U?h:XG ?3?3H>hj.@;.7 H>E[j.U\K7O9$E.J./;LJL9H)=>$7=>7:>93::<\.jK:<^39j.7E ?$U;.?\.G4@^[J[H<@+j.Z%;.7P7\KH>v v 93GH 4Z.4E.?3G4E%\87 7J:lj.?M2B7uH>=>jK7Pj.9:<7YH)7 H>HH>9j.H>ZK7O?MGU77 :l&H<:l?$jK7Ev ?3HD;.9G_?HOJV@17uvuy[iG 4H>E.937u:E \K493JV\.\^ @97 _:=|.7u934\K\KCM?39EK;.;KGU^$J7 j UZ.hUG4\iH<73jKH>2 ?7
4\K9v g=>799$j.G4:l77H<JMvj.9Zi7O=>gM= G44?h7uC[?3=Oh;K: ;.GIUH ^$EUE.\KE.G 9_vjKuG 99$_:HV:lU7?$9:)\ 9Y+=>7Zh7NUg ^$vuj$?35FH>\i79H<J \K=>?3J :lG4;K57CJ:Zh?1 g'@/3=>H>H7j./:<7V?E%7:>vu9v ?$HCF:43U7O\K77:<GUg :9|)93H>?i\Kj.?3JF?$H<:<)j7M=>?$@+93=<:>E.7v Eti4GU4;._\.97u^KH>\K?32v =U2 7\':OH>9j =>47:
.
j
F
7
i
t
K
;

9
i
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U
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4

7
@5 93\KJ8H>j.7M/9$7 H>93Z.G47 U\%JL7 +G_9Z7uG47J 4\KJL7
U\ H<j.7MK^
:
@+;.93;.=<=>\%77 J.H<.9j.9CF7O=>7O7u?$\i= vuHb49^ 9G_4Giv \K@+;K93=<G47G9tiE%H<;.79J7u=b\K993vuCF:)g 7 :<H>H<j.7ujK?=b7Y):@+\?3?$@=<UC'H>\8j.93r7O\$49H|^3G4;.v ^37=>?3\$7O= H>Um.H<7uj.2=o.C@+2B=<72Btij.;.7uj.7ug7V\Kvu9tig =>;K7993@+\i\K;KH JO\KIHvH>g Hj.U7Y?$.\KZ%\.:)9?\K?HDJL@:<H<j.jK_J?h7V)H>:lj \ E7U)\v Ij KH<_vjK7bjJ 7
K^$;.AT=>7 :M 4JL:B7:<;Kvu=:HV4Z%`17J 7 4h\02 H<j.7E.=>7u U?$;K:[:<7v H 4?3\ H>j.7ti;K93\iH UH 474: 5 B9\KJ CF9g ?3\KGUg
H>H>vbj.jKjK7'993H\.vu^3N 97FG_v IHb9;K:lHOG479GIE.H@ 4j%C'?393\ 9:<7MgV?@ )?3\K5=bGU9gVE%7 Z9Hbv=>7)?32 ;.;.EJL\KJ.7JE%9E%7H>7\K? JFJ.U\i:O)H>:?$j.\ 7H>\MjKH>j.H<9j.7FH 7)_:PE.93j%GUH<;K?8937M:<:>7 ?39_:@Yg X H>9Pj.97FC[HO;KE%EKGI79H ==bU49E.?LCFG4J.7D:N7u?3H<@?7u@)=Q QN i ? UH>NDHOj.2@+7u?3=>] G4 4?\K_:Dlvu7 7:
9V9 vb+j%$7u9=>\.g^$7 9;KU\;J UN Z.G4v 7 ?3;K@+G4=bJ93v :<H7u4\%?3JF\ H<?j.@7P9v 7E\$7uH>= 7u4=?hJ@+=<2'7t$;K\ 7u7\K&vu7g v H5`:9G4| !H<N0jK7'H<?}EK993=b\ 9CF4\K7 v H>?$7u=<=O=>7vuv 93HG4vu;.9G_G49;.H 7)4?3@+\%?3=:
:<j.?3;KTG49J Z%4\.7V^8:<ghH>j.\K7vbj.?i=>:<?3v \ UG44ku97H<J'?$="H>#?F:OH<E.j.jK7O9$E.:l7j%93v :<?$7P\$H>?3=<@ ?$H>GBj.H<7OjK?37= U;.^ EU\%J.99GH U?$\K:>^cv 4GU?3_@9H>U?3H>:}=2 ?)\0@+=>7ti;.7\Kv g 4:
H>E.j.=>7F?Lv K7=b:<:": HV# :D7u?3L;L93H>CFE.;LE.HPGU7'9$/:D7'?$\.jK7V9$?7F@ U:<H>7u: 7\U\KE.?;LO@ H>V>:CX2DCG EX-Zj.+7 \|)E.j=>?L_vbv j 7:>U: \0U\.^$^7uJ \.U7^ =>I93HbGB9G|CM97;K9J \K4:V?;K: U: ^$4\.\K^9G_:D93\i9g H
9Z<%D.H+LH5C<7,&J F:<?393;LCFH>E.E.GU;L7FH=b939H>:7 93 \ 93:NU\K/E.7 ;L# =<H7F:JL4? \K4v \.7c^ 9 HUH H>j.4:N7\.H 7UCF377 =P/E?$7:>:/UZ.?3G4;.7}G_JH<?\.jK779J37}UHH<jK/7M7EK=<jK?L9v $77u:<\ :"## H:
g$?$7 ;LH}H<E.v;.9H G_ v ;.UG_\9H>77 J&7Uv HH2cD9$J.jKJ 74\.Z^07:l?3H}\K/77:<93vu93CM\0EKGUj.78?3E?3@O7J.@+?$7u=G_9_:g3V2 H>?\ ;K:<ZK7GU?LH>vbj. 77E.\h=> 7u4 =>?34?3\.;KCF:}7u:<\i93HbCF: E.GU:<7;Kvb?j @
9$JL:Y7G459gO9J_:.>{v ;KJ:>L: 49\.\%^JH<jKW/9:<HB?3;.;.\%\iJH 4BGhH>H<j.j.7O7\.: U7uH<i;%HX9Hvb4jK?393\ELZ%H<77= v ?$9CM\%7J}:/9CM$??$_J=<V7NJLv 7?$93CFG 4E.\.G ^P_vu 9H<I7H>j[JhH>Z.j.;L7HDE./=>?37Z.G47u4C GU
4\H>j.7O7 .93CMEKGU7:)9H)H<jK7O7u\KJ?@H<j _:)?$\.7 2
?

1fd

center
frequency
bandwidth
fundamental
frequency
fundamental
frequency
/
/
phase
phase
trigger
trigger
S/H
S/H
WRAP
index
rJL7 U^$ ;. =<7V %mK92 o \K!)J W/YO93@+G4?$vu;.=)G_;K9H:<47 ?3\U\?3H<@jKH>7Oj.Z.7VGU?LH UvbCF7 J 4939^3=>=bg 9U\KC^'?EK@|9r =b9U^$CF;.7 =<H>7O7u=bmK:A2 zKL 2 ~H<jK7[937:<jK93E U\K^ 4\
<H<= jK?$;.93\c^3jKj.?$GU7[g \.7 91 CF9lE.\K1JG JcU:H<;K@9JLG4 7O U\.?3U\^@H>? ?j.&H<7[jKUvu7u\h7u=[3\i/7H<=>=b?3:<9=b7uG J.G4g8E:7 93vuUGUH<?ij4:l\7G493H>H<j.=<?^$7[7u;.=P:<\ E%I7H9vgG4H>;.=<)7;.:Nj.C 7?3\@?@H<j.2'H<j.7 r.7}?$U\K{ =OJ.AT7 r9 G4;.^$77u:P4\.:}7?=>:l@ 9C'[H<?$93GU=GU747u:<_:=:
H<U\ijKH>93=<\?LJL9;KZv ?3H 4;L?3H'\H>?7u@|\ ?H>H>j.j.7u7=TG4EK?39;K=<J.H _9\.7G_:>: :'L7?3@P7\H<jK97HD?3GU?;L/H>E.7u;L=DH93CFJ.?iE.7G :'UH<;%\.JL?37H:K9? =>&g :<7 ^3Hb:=>7H<9j.H<7VG4g J.)7: v 4=>\K7vu9$7:l7NH<j.?37 @
H< j.I7NH>j v 7:l\iEH<77uv =I%EK793J0=lH E4937G 93# :/c99CFCFE.E.G IG H>UH<;K;KJLJL7372X: T?H>j.Y773?$7;L=H< E.I@;.H};K: :l4jK\.?3^};.H<G_j.J7OZ%{ 7AC[r ;.H<GU?MH 4E.^3G7uU\K7J07u=b9ZhH<g 7TJ1@+?3: =>C'9\i?3H>=:
7u$97uG4;.\ 7O UJL@7u\KE77uv \K7JK:<::>9?3=>\g LH<9Mj.7NZ7 Hl9H>37u=T7:<93jKE.93E.E =>U?\K ^VUC'@+;.9\KH v UH?$4\?3\ ?3 @ 2H<jK7Vj _:v )?39=>=>CF7E.v H G UIH>?$;K\JL@7O9$vv H<?$?$=<==>L7v )H jK4?3?$\:<7P:<j.7u?$.;.93G4v J H
Z%7O=b] 9UCF\%v E7)7H>Jj.L7)\K7 ?LHTEK:>939\KCF: 4E.?3G4\M7J ?@9H<\KjKJ 7D j./79G4J$72 :<jK9E U\.^ +CF?LJL;.G_9H>?3=|: 4^3\%9G.v ?$\K: 4:lH>:|?3@93GUKvu?
??: 4@B@B\.H>H>7/j.j.H<7M7[7=<=>vC'79:<=>: ;.= 4GU 7uH2= 739 2 =>$U7[HT: 4@+9\K?$G4v |GU47/?v H<D?$jK: :)47u\.g}@+7=>?3:93CnGU93L:Dj%H>9/j.37M7u7 G4vuU2T\?$:IH U\K4j 937V_:G.TE.E.CF=>jK?h9$7J.:l937;K\Kv ku:)H7H>=<@+jK??39=>HO3C[9$9;.:B\hG_JL9'g?PH>\hjKH<;.j.9C[7HZHH</7uj.=7F?O?v v @?$?$CMCM{ ATEEr?3?3\K\K^$7u7u7u\i\i\H>H>::
7u9=bG4%9H>Z?37 =b:U\ UE.@ jKH<jK9$7u:l7Pg993\K=<J7NC'v ?393C}J.Z74H>\ ?'U\K:l^VjK93H<jK=<7P7uC H>j.^7OU$:<937CM:BH>7Nj.?i7O:<:lv ;KUG4C9H<??$@=YH>@+j.?$7 =)4E.\KjKJ 9$4:l7N4J.^3;K79\.G 7u:<=bE%97H vU?$H<\=b9.h2X ]hUG4?
Y7Ovr 94^3\;KCF=<7)93m.37O24139M1:<C[j.;.?DGUH 4:|E.9G47 E @+?$?3:>=>: C'UZ.9G4\i7H)?3;L37uH>E.=b: ;LUHX?$\?3@939P:)EK:<j.9 ?4=|)?\ @%@+U?3\=>CFK^$93;.\i=>H>7N:|mK^32U71\.y.7u2 =b9H>7JVH<j _:|/9g
H<9j.HP7[EKK9=b=<H:H_9@+G/?31=>QCF%93 \iUH H<jc4:GUv ?7/\$7uH>=T7u=>937CFJ8E.j%G 9UH<GU;%@+/JL97Mg93Z%\KJ87uHYZK9377u\K\JL EK_J93h=lH<H j 4932NG4:`jK7F9\%W/J89;%d vbji9g\KJ89H<3j.77M:ljK:l793v E ?34\%\.J^
@+;.\Kv H 4?3\/9$:Y;%:l7Jh)j 4vbj^37\.7u=b9H>7:YG 4\.79=>GUg:<GU?$E%7J:<E%7v H>=>9 + 47u/7J 4\J 2.j.7

1f$f
?

fundamental
frequency
phase
generation
index 1
modulator 1
k1,
p1, q1
carrier 1
index 2
modulator 2
k2,
p2, q2
carrier 2
OUT
r{ A4^3r0;.=>^37D7m.\.247u1=by 9! H>?3 /=GU2?LvbFJ _9^3=b9C @+?3=YCF93 U\.^V9[:lE7v H<=>;.C

IH>j'HY?N@+?$=<C'93\$Hb:X;K: 4\.ÔH<jK7
1f3m

AMPLITUDE
(dB)
100
80
60
40
20
.
...
PARTIAL NUMBER
r 4^3;.=>7Om.24131 !B]hE7v H<=>;.C@+=>?3C 9[H/? @+?3=>C'9\iH){ ATr0^$7u\.7=>9H<?3=2

H?3Y\.?7@+:<?3;.=>EC'7u=>9E%\i?iH[:lH>7?9$H<J.jKJ 7UH ?343H<7j.GU7g =|20:<?H<j.j%79HVGU?H>/j.7u7=[:<@+E%?3=>7CFv H>93=>93\iGXHM7u9\hG_3:<?c7GU?$93E%JK7J.:Vvu;.H>?=>37UH>:[:M:l?CF)?h\ ?H>=>j.7 GUKgc7v @+H=>U?3?$C \
9Z?3;LHj.7PH>j.{ 7OA3r7=l^3H 47v\.97uG=b99H>?3_: =.v:<9?M\H<jKZ97NH 9IGUHTH<7u93=>E.7JEK93I=>@:J.:<7G : 4U^3=>ji7H<JFG4gH>?}vu;.C'=<$9373J7 4;.\.EhjK/9393=<CF=>J?$H<\ j.4vT7=<:l7$E2 7v H<=b9[Zhg
?$CF:lG :>_J?hv 4J.UGU\K_;.9^VG4H>9?3H<H jK=4?37\H<?EKE%93H<?$=lj.H =l47H 93U?$G4E.:\jK;.?39$Eh@:l/7cH>93j.?=>7VJ@[J Z?3_9=Y?^3H>J.j =b?9)Cv\i9i=>=\.94?37u=b==J H>v 4?M\'?i:H<@+4j.=<\.77V7ti:vu;.T?37u\iZK\KH<;Lvu=>g3H8?32BG4\.4\.??}H^}JLE.H<?[? jK93H<H<j :<j.7N_:7 ?.@E.9$J.jKH<j.J9$7V:l9}7 :>9:l?7CF@[v E.?3H<\%G4j.7 J7
EH<K9j.\K97V=bJ9 :>j.CF9?$CF7uG4H<J7N7u= E.;.;.jK\ E9$UH>JK:l:7N92 H<^$77u: \.H:l7H H<=>4;.9GU$H=>Y4\K?3:?$\=<?3LE;L: ?3H=<9H H<\K4?3j%JP\9@+H;. =<H<4H<j.GUjK77u:lH=>:>4CM9G CF?$Z%=<E.77 G47 4C}\9;L\KE.H JjK4E.9$j.G4:l7?$7NG4{ J ATUH<:lrH<j=b^$977uH>9$\.7uvb7^$j=>g 9?3H<@+H<?3?$j.=b=7: =:<:<2 CFjK9?h= ?U\KH<j^
CFG49H?h4J.?3;.\;.G49=?3H ;.H>47?3H<vbE.\ j.;L\ 93H}4: tijKI;.9HV7B3JL7'@+?$?hv =7?$:D:<CF;.@+E?$E.=7uG _v=>uH>E%j.9?iH<7':74Jc{ \.AT^TEKr:<jKE93^$7:<v7u7'H>\.=>=<79T7=>G49JL9H<?hH ?347?3= :\K\.:<H<?jjKH47}EK/EK:O?3939=>=l\%NH 4J 9393:G4H>:j.EK?7u=<@Y7gJ H<:<4j.v 7u7MH>7u93CE.Z.jKGUgJ 9$:l@+;'7M?3=vuCF;.E.?LGUjKHVJL9$H<;:l?7
EKv :lE?$9C[7H<vH<Z7I=<4\.\KvO7':FJLv 7?3?$:@PUj.=>:<7u7E%=>J77uv\i7 H>H<&=>G47g393v 2'G)H>:7u23\?$^$GU;.7uH \.47?3=>\ 93YG )EKj.jK7u93=>:<77F9$:'CM{ ?LATJL;Kr G49_:H '4?37\9$: 47uU=MG4XH>^ ? U$EK7M=<7CFJ ?$4v =<H7'9v \K?$CFJ E.H<G;K_vu=<\9H<7H<J?

.
0325 !

!

!

B{:H>9=<Hb7uvbH>jvbj.r|7J0y.1$2 EK9;.3G47 :<Hb7392 EZ.JG47 G4r ?hU?3^$h;.;.=<E7'2 mK2Ur 14Q ^3;.^3=>77\.mK7u2U=b19` H>7:<:Oj.?9D:[9= H4Y93Z.? G47 U\i H<74=<JhCFH>jc7J EK4;.9H<G4:<77FE.H<=>=b?h9 J.4\;Kv ;KHb: :[U\.?3^ @
H</j.97Pg .EK)9H>j vb_vjbj93\KE.J G49$Uv H>7:Y:?3H<;Lj.H>7[E.;LE.H;.2XG_:l7[jK97THDEKE.9jKH>9$vb:lj7"v 9=>4= \K47:H>:7?39$;LJHY?H<@|j.7YE.jK?393Z:<7O4\'ku7H>=<j.? 7PLH<: j4CM4:TEK GU7U:G4HZE%7O?i:<.: 4LZ.7GUJ 7
U\G_9H>7u=)EK9H>vbj7 .9CFE.G47:Zhg9$J.J 4\.^'y.2RfVH>?FH<j.7OEKjK93:<7O9\KJ)=>93E.E 4\.^K2

!$#
1fip

107 <frequency
phasor~
~ 0.5
0centered sawtooth
<index
28
/ 10
...in tenths
pack 0 50
line~
+~ 1
*~
smooth it
add 1
increase amplitude of sawtooth
clip~ 0.5 0.5

cos~
clip to range 1/2 to 1/2
cosine wave lookup (1/2 and 1/2 give 1)
+~ 1
*~ 0.5
add one (range now from 0 to 2)

...and now from 0 to 1
(OUT)
r:lH<4=>^37 ;.Hb=>vb7Dj.7m.J241/Q !9$B7 .Hb939CMZ.G4EK7GUG47D?hE%?3h9H>;.vbEj2 r|yK132 E.;.G_:l7$2 EJi)j 4vbj:<gh\iH<j.7: 4ku7:9OE.;KG4:<7)H<=b9 4\';K: U\K^
1f3z

(a)
0.5
phase
0.5
(b)
0.5
clipped
0.5
output
(c)
[Cr9\KU;.^$JGU;.H y.=<4E.7 2Rf G4g m.U24\.1v^V`Y!0H<H>j.j.7D7O\$EKH>?37ujK;L=>93H>CFE.:<?37;L=XJ H_92Zhg}H>7cH<j.97 ;%J 4U\K? JL:7 4 ^3

\% 9G_Z:@+H<=>jK?3C7:>9r CFU^$7 ;.i=>v 7cG UE.m.E2417Q JM! H>?V9 G 'U7DH>Zj.7 7cH/=>77u7:<;.\ GUH yK?32 f @
1 f3o
C}vu?3;.=>=<GIH 7U:lj.EKE7 G 4?37u4\K=}\ JKU?H:D_9@DH>GX9?H[E.H<j%G4j.7937'9$:<:7?$H};L4?3H<:VE.\.9$;.7 JHV=>;K?7:l@/:<H<;.H<7j.GUJ H 7 4\.H>?8^ =<?34;K\0ZL\cH<7j.@+v =>7H ?3 C : K4^33\K7FyK932 @+Gf=>?3?3H<C@)?r yKH<42j.^3f;.7'93=>Z7\K?Jcm.H<H<24H<1?3j.`C 7\E%U9\ :>=<vuH H>93j.GU77'9 J EKBZi9H>gcHbj vb4j9 :
ZKC}:<j.9$;.?vbGI)[H U\H>EK?O2[G 47uH<=MjKjK7 Y7M47\i^$=<H<=>77u93=>E.9Hj9G%U4H>Z%\ :}7uHEKC Y9U7=<\ H7uU\C}+Z ;.y.PC 2R:<fOj.+9??3\%D\KJ7:y.H<|2Rj.fH>7F$j.;K7=>7: 4:<:<\.9;.^[GIHOH>H<?ij.?3?3@/7 H<v j0G 4E./ E ?34T;.\.G_^?$JZLH>?3j.7\K7v GUHg:>2|9=b@9H<\.H<?hjK^$?77'H>j :>@+vu=<9?$GC 94\.3^7
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j.7
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E. v;K/G4:<?7[@?$H<j.;L7NH<E.%;.^3H ;._:=>N73293J;K:lH<7J8H>?=b9\.^$7O@+=<?$C y'H>? 1 U\c93GU;K7 H<j 4: _:T^$=>93E.j.7J U\E%9=<H

"!
'

#
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@+;.\%J.9CF7u\iHb9G /CF9g'Z7V93:G4? 9$:ku7=<? U@|JL7: 4=>7J 2

%#
!$%#
! '
)
&
#
!-

{Bvu=<9?iH>:<vb: j @9$r|JLy$7z.: 2 HZ%Y7u?%HY2 vu7?$7u: \MU\.jK7:u92=>ECFJ ?3~\ %_v^3u:;.=>H<7O?Nm.C'2419m$Y7Y:<vuj.?3?\iDH 4:/\h;.j.?3?;K:<G4H>gO?'CF93= 93_93ZK7NGU9'7/v vu7u93\i=<H>= 7uU7==/@+=<: 74^3ti\K;.937uG\KvH<jKU79:uH 2
j.7Xvu7u\iH<7= @+=>7ti;.7u\%v gti;.?3H 47u\iH ~H>j.7Yvu7u\iH<7= @+=>7ti;.7u\%v gJ U _JL7JPZhgTH>j.7B@+;.\%J.9CF7u\iHb9G

%
#&#
+
1m$y

RING MODULATED PULSE TRAINS
< bandwidth
pd pulsetrain
< modulation frequency as

multiple of fundamental
0
*
< pulse train

generator from before
r freq
osc~
modulating oscillator
*~
|
(OUT)
=r 4U\.^$^F;.=<CF7'?LmKJL2U;.1dG_9!VH 4B?3\.vu 7u=>UH<ELj8H>:P9'@+=>:?3H>=<C 7uH>vbE%j.97H>Jvbj7u9L3937uCFH>93E.Z.GUGU77Pr|E.;.yifLG_:<2 7P= 4\.^$7u^K\.2 CF7=>?L9JLH<;.?$=G_9H 4?3\ 2 EJcvu?3C}Z U\ U\.^
center
(frequency)
|
phasor~ 100
~ 0.5
bandwidth
(as multiple of
fundamental)
|
*~
frequency
(as multiple of
fundamental)
|
*~
magnified
phase signal
clip~ 0.5 0.5

cos~
+~ 1
raised
cosine
pulse
*~ 0.5
cos~
*~
carrier
r9Z.U^$G47O;.=<v 7O7\$mKH>2U7u1=f!|@+=>aT7ti: ;.U\.7^'\Kv :lg$H<=>2 7 Hbvbj.7J/9$7 Hb9Z.G47P:<gh\iH<j.7: _:/H<?FC'9$7N9}@+?$=<C'9\iH IH>jCM?
1mK1

center frequency
(relative to fundamental)
fundamental
frequency
|
phasor~
|
line~
wrap~
the fractional part "q"
subtract to get the integer part "k"
*~
+~
multiply phase by k and k+1
cos~
cos~
synthesize two partials "c1" and "c2"
c2 c1
*~
+~
|
OUT
q * (c2 c1)
q * c2 + (1q) * c1
r 4^3;.=>7m.241m !WY=<?i:<: @93J 4\.^)Z7 H/7u7u\}: 4\h;K:l? 4JK:H>?TC'9$7XCF?93Z.G47Yv 7\iH<7u= @+=<7ti;.7u\Kv U7:u2
93;KE.: E%4\.79Ô=bH>:j.937 :H<j. 7?3T;LH>?3E.ZL;LH7v ?3H @KX9 9\KJ UH>X: ?$U\iZLH<77^3v 7H=X2EK9j =<4H : _:ZigF:<7u:<EK;.93ZL=>H<9=bH<937v J H 44\.\i^NH<? H<jKUH>7): @+@+=>=>9$9$vv HH UU?$?$\K\K99G.GE%E%99=<=<HH
@+:<=>7?3v CH 4?3H<\j.7Pm.2 ?3`.= 2 4^ 4\K9G 2|j.7:<793=<7TG493Z%7GU47J9$: O93\KJ 5MH>?}93^3=>7u7D UH<j'H>j.7H<=>79H>CF7u\iH 4\
Zh93\KgVJZ?H<j.j.H>7j 7FEK5}v ?ijK9:93\%4:<\.7J 7 7 5:D:98?@X1:<Z9~?H<H>jKH>j 7)?h?9G49H<=>jHl7OH<7Hb=B993Zh37g}7'\ 939JKHVH<Jj.H>U7j.\Kg87'^9H>@+=>;.j.7O\%7)H<J.?3j.9= 7CF4^=<7u7u4\K@+\i?39Hb=>GL97[GX:>99@+@H=>7H<58ti?h;.?97H>\%\Kj J v 4g \$5 H>?N: 4:VH<1Oj.C[7/H 4;.@+CF?$GUH=<74CF:E.G7uH<U=7jKJ 7
@+;.j.\%78J.9\KCF7 h7uH\iHb:l97GB3@+7=>=>793tiG/;.?$7ZL\Kv 7g v H>9: \K4J\jKH<9j.$787FE%\.9?H>vbJ j _:<vuvu?3?3\iCFH E.4\h;L; H>I7H U7H<j.:V789HV/EK7 4jK^393ji:<H<7'7J )=>:<93;.E.C E 4\.^8E: ? 4\$Hb:u2
)7uhj.EK7=<=<77 :<: U?$\ # 9:=>7[H> j.7M7HY? : 2Y4\h;Kj:l? 4:4JK^ :PU$937\K:/J ;Kb:/H>Kj.7VJ1 JL7 7: 4=<7ZhJg8CF7?939GU;%Z.9G47 H 4@+\.=<^7ti9;.\c7u\K7vutig; 4vu9393=<GU= 7U\i7# H=
#
: U^$\K9G 2
?$vu?3ZL\i7H{B4v \h9H[Hb; vb9Ij'H @~UH<77r: =Oy$4o.H<\0jK2 JL7 H<7jKvu7G $_vb?$ ;LIH'H<2E.E?3;.J Z.HM7: \.vU?^$HMH\Kv 9:l?3GYj.\i?7uH>)3=<?$7\'\GU jKU\KI7u@T^=>7H<vuj.B7u7:<\ij.H<JL?77D=O: U:B@+=>=>7j.7J ?ti;.v 7ui7u\%\iZhv H>gMg7u=V9$J.g3@+J=>?$74;\.ti^[;.v79"9 \K\0v
g93 vb? jK4J 93\.J^3_:7:
Jv9_:>=>v = ?347u\i=)H UJ \h4;. ?$4JL;K7:lJG4g32/Zig\@+;.H<\KjKJ.7V93EKCF97u=<H\i_vH> 93;KG G4)9393=DGI7 H>7u.=>9\KCF9E.H>7G47[:Z:<j.7 ?H/)7u\ 7L\H>j.d'7V93@+\K=>J7ti1;.`.72R\KfLv 2YgA/tiHD;.=>?93H CMU7E\$H H U CF2 7$72 :
Z93GU7u?$G4\.?7})93jZ%4?$vb;LjH}J Q_:y<93C'E.E%:l779vM=NH<j.)7j.=<77'\ 93H>=<j.7'7 9;%
J UZKGU793 =lH }I@9$?3v ZLH>:N7v)H jK47u:O\9$;KJ.:JLU7\.J ^2 H>j. A7 J _:< 9$JL'9?$\iZLH>937^3v 7H
@+H>?3=>j.@77/:<ti93@+;.;.CF7\K\KE.J.v GU9347 7CM:93L7\K\iH<JjKH> 97}j.Gh?3vb@+G_jK=>J 7934ti\.\.;.^V^377H>\K:)j.v vu7Pg 9@+\84=<:|7ZG4ti?7V;. 7uj.\K97vu\%9gJV=bJtiH>;.j.93?7D:DH v JU77_:\i\$>v HH>=>7u_:7 =/H<@+7}H<=>jK7:9tiH>H7u;.hEK7u@+\%:?$2v =/gV]L$? \.7u7=>U7g'\J}GU: ?\.UH<?;KHX9@+;.vbH jK4\K?393J.\K\.93:)^3CM7/)73jK\i77uH>=<=>9g7 G
ti; _vbhGUg IHDC'9gZ7OZ%7uHlH>7u=)H>?M?$C IH)H>j.7V:<93CFE.GU7 93\KJ j.?3G_J:lH<7E2

1miQ

center
frequency
54
fundamental
(MIDI units)
mtof
29
pack 0 50
bandwidth
line~
mtof
72
expr 1/$f1
mtof
*~
phasor~
pack 0 50
C.F. relative
to fundamental
line~
*~ 0.5
*~
divide by
fundamental
samphold~
~ 0.25
~
wrap~
cos~
*~ 25
*~
*~
+~
cos~
cos~
range for table
+~ 100
~
offset to middle
of table
tabread4~ bellcurve
+~
*~
waveshaper
ring mod
*~
|
(OUT)
r 4^3;K=<7Om.241p!Bj.7OE.jK9$:l7 93G 4^3\.7J'@+?$=<C'9\iH { Ar :lgh\iH<j.7: _:)9G4^3?$= UH<jKC2

vu:<9393CF=<= 7DU7j.=CF7[9$?h\.:J.7u;.E%hG49HT9=<H HHP4/\.?3?'^V@X?iEKH<:<j.9v Hb7'UvbG4j8vu9G49$H<7 ?$:<.:= 94vV4CF:YHE.93YG4J.7? J.: 7CFJLJ'7u?LCF:<JL7u;.EK?3G_\%939=>:H>H>9?3=>H<=P97uH<G4E.gV7VjKH>;K9$?O::l47MH<\.jK^'CF7T?hH<E.jKJ.jK7[;.9$G4v :l9=>7H ?$:B4?3:>?:\ @@9$H>H<J j.74vb7D\.jK^H\ / 4?$ti?V:>;.v v 7$4?iGU2[_: 94\.H>?37j.=b:u7 : 2
ZH<%j.7j.7Pvu793E.;K=<jK:l79$7:l:l;K7P?GIH@)CFU\.H>?Lj.^0JL7;.:<E%vuG_9?37HCFv 4H>?3E.=>\9 G 4v:lvuE993H>7\ 7v JH<Z=>;.E.78CjKC'9$h:l93\.7JL?}7=<C'7H<G49?9H Hl4H<H>?37=>\K=9:<$j.j 7u?4GEK ;.:VEg3Z?$7 9;H\K/9J 7uG U7^$JL\ \?)\.H/7\ U?}^$Uji\ :<Z;K@+?3vb=<j= 74ti\.:<;.Ê7u7E\Kv H>vu7=>g99[/L: g3Z.?$;LU\; H
vu93\\.737=D93? _J^$7 H<H 4\.^FE.jK93:<7Ovu93\Kv 7GU_9H U?$\K:)j.7u=>7PH<j.7g?37=<G_9E 2
'

#
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!$%#
1m$`

t b b
0
until
f
sel 199
+ 1
t f f
expr ($f1100)/25
expr exp($f1*$f1)
tabwrite bellcurve
bellcurve
r 4^3;.=>7Om.241z !|r UG4 U\.^ 4\H<j.7O937uH>93Z.GU7@+?3=Dr 4^3;.=>7Om.241pL2

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1pd

input
output
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1p3f

d/2
d/2
AZ
1
real
Z d/2
A
imaginary
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1pm

gain
2
2
d
4
d
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$

1p$p

IN
+
OUT
d
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4% #326'4&0 3
832
0&6
(+%
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DIk$H>2 jcAT4\K:/9:l H<J.7I?3H>93;.j'JZ.H<G?3jK4@\.7^H<jK=>7?37P:<@;.:l:<H>GU9393H>:CM\KJ.@+EK?39GU=Y7}=bJ'J =>49d$:lH<H<dK73?$12=ly$H yU?$@$\ Y/i7P7[H<j.=>7T;.UG4\@+=<^37?3t$7u;KH/;K=7u?$JL\K\.7vuGUG4g'gM9g=>937Z%9:<?$HNE;L?39HP\K:>:<1P97 JCF4 CME.G4EK?7[=<@?=b=<$9?$7H<GU7[4:X? =b?&893@YJ 9z$4G4vz$9QH<G4j.y$Ugy7
/9g';KEH>?Qy$y3y3y}Dk$2
476
! 3
4*64&0 3
K;A+7 : IU@H>\.9j.^N37u?$=VH>=j.U=b7H<97N\%;KJL?3:<?3E.7OCFEK?GUG47g@|=X?379=O&= 47E93v 7uZ.H= GU2|U7O?L JJLHX7_vC'uG49399gGUg[4g G Z4\.7T@+7?3JL:=V747u::).4=>H<993?CFZ.9GUE.7/GUH<G47H>7?V=)9H<?3jKGUH<=V7O7u=X93E GIH<IH>Hbj.7uvb=>7Dj8\KE 9?IH Hb@BUvb$9j 7u\ G4Ug \'4 \K9NH>v ?8?$C 9CF= 44\.9 93U^Z.\iG4Hb:<7/9?34;.\\%9Jg9
.L7)7J C[H>;.;%=<: \ _vuU\.93^FG 4H>\i?H<7r =<U^$9;.G =<?7[@ pLH>=>2U193p \KL:<E%/?i7V: U:lH 747?3\H>jK?93H 7K=/;K9F: 4G4\.7u^'\.^39'H<j: 4\.?^3@G4H7N4CF973= 2 493Z.GU7OJL7G49gG 4\.7 %Y7
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?
1oif

gain
1
Zr 7 4^3H/;.=>7u7}7\ph24H1/z ? ! NU\i9H<74\8^37?=>@X:2B9F@+?$j.;.7 = N EW? 4\$^$H9 U4\ \iH<47:D=<?3E\.?37$G_92 H U\.^J.7uG_9gG U\K7V IH>j9JL7G49gjK9GU@+/9g
input
time
output time
Z?$r ;L7 4^3HH>/;.: 4=>7uJ.7P77\0phH>24j.;.17VoEh!/:lH< 93= =>UUZ.EJ0=b?993@BH>\K?VJ093JL;KJLC : ?U\K_:)<^}: \h49VZ./GU937O=>93JLJ = _97 G4U9Z.H g$G47D2_:[JLE7G4?$9:>gF: 4G Z.U\.G47'7$2XH<?c] U\%C'v 9 7D4\$H>j.Hb9 7T4\ E IHbIHMvbj :lIjH>j.I@~?3H);.9HMGUH<JL7==<I\K@~H9UH<\K7^ :
1o$m

input
time
output time
r: UUH ^$4?3;.\ =<7+7upL.2 Q3v y 7u!OE.H{ 947HFvu7uH<j.78_:l7'E? G 44\.\i7H>93:F=V?3JL@P7uJ G_9_:<g8vu?3@+;.\iH\K4v \hH ; 4?3UH\Kg:V 2 H<?8C'j.79 4\i?3H>;L9 H>UE.\0;LH>98:v 9?$=>\K7:lH>79\i\i$HN7uG4H<?3=bE9\%7J :lE93?:
:lJ ;K_:<^3vu^3?37\i:H H>47\hJ; IZhHgg H>U\8j.7[JL7ZKG4939=>g':)H 93UZ%CF?7$$2 7O79$vbjE? 4\iHKH<?:<CF?i?3H<jH>j.7V?3;.H<E.;LHP9HDH>j.7VE? 4\$Hb:D?3@
J 9_9=>^3g'?$jH<\Kj.49:/7NGY/H>:=>?3H>93= =>\K4LE :<: E%$??i@+@T?3: =/U9$H JL47 ?3.C \94CF:>;.: E8E.UZ.G497G47\K JUJ.@7uJL/G_?97T)g \H _:Ul:lCFj?'7H<9$:?F:2 9H>?'E.\ EK=<GUH<7g'j.C'7 9 4:4Z.\ 4=>CF94\H<E.?[GU7H<H<j.:?}HF7V9M:<:lvuH<:<7u= ?3U\KE ;.932\K= 4J? |93://:l7jK?: U)CF\ E.UG4\g
K^3;K=<7[ph241oK2T7u=>7NH<j.7VJ.7uG_9gF@+;.\Kv H U?$\ 4:
6
K L :QLYvu?$: NO6
)JL7uj.G_7u9=>g 7 )L 93\KJ 4:YNH>j.7P4:9$97u\=b99^$\K7D^3JL;.7uG_9G_9=Fg @+U =>L 7ti4;.:Y7H>\Kj.v 7Pg$932CFE.jKG U7H<;%CFJL7?3CF?3@ 7u\i9H>=934=<9g H 4?3H<=b\993\KZ%:<E?$?$;L:HYIHH>Uj.?$7N\ 93)7u=bj 94vb^$j 7
JL7uE7u\%J.:)?3\H<jK7V:<93CMEKGU7N\h;.C[Z7u=J6 4:D93E.E.=>? UC'9H>7uG4g
K W
1 : L N'v ?i: NO6
j _:]h;.=>E.93E\.^3?$7:<7: 4\?3\ 9H<G4jK;.787OZ%?H<7ujKHY7u=77ujK\ 93\K`1 J7 YL H<NjK99H\KYJc7W1 :Q_:lL-j NDH>2 ?0CF9 U\iHb9 4\ 9v ?$\K:lH>9\iHFH<=b9\%:
H<E%?=b@?i9:H \KU4HCM:<4E?37[?$\: Z.I?=<H ?$U$?$37u\='7\@+9?3Zh=>GUg7u?$$\.J 7u^3_:= <7 vu= Z.?3\iU;L\iHH H>4\h7uUH=>;.?3493:O;%GD:):l?H vb@P4jKGUBH94E\.CF?$^$73:>7:2:ULZ.93G4\7M:):<H<H<j.?j ?_:C')\9 vu49$\i4:l\8H>79 r 4/\ U^$7I;.HVvu=<937[??3$pL\7u2 =Q3# Hy..2C'L79 J 4\$UHb\i9 H<47\ =<H<93j.G47:
j.7J.7uG_9g H UCF7 4:[H<j.7?3;LH>E.;LHF?@T9c:l; UH>93Z.G4g \K?3=>CF93G 4ku7J0:<9H>?h?H<j @+;.\Kv H U?$\

?
1ohp

f
1
IN
0
w
X
d
0
delay
time
1
0
OUT
rvu=<47^39;.H<=>77M:Bph9V2RQL:<CM1 !/?ha?3H<: j.4\.G4g ^49\Kv =>97= 9$4:934Z.\.GUÔ7}?$JL=7uJLG_97gvu=<G 74\.937}: U\K9$^N:TJ.9'7uE G_9UH>gVvbjcH 4CF:lj 73U2B@~H<7=j.2P7D?$j.;LH<7}EK:>;L9HY?3H<@%?hH>?3j.H<7j8JL79G493g 7
G:<Uj.\K?37 ;K4G4:[J7u=<\h;K3\c7GU1?$z3E%yF7JcJL7uH<^$? =<797$: ? _J c=bJ 93_:J>v _9?3\K\iH: UY\h?3; ;LUH H)47?3:@28E.ADj%93\.:<?37PH<j. 7U=}H<jv ?$H>Ehj g4:D??3@\.H>7$j.2 7:>9CF7J _9^3=b9C
H>93?F\KJ'9$H>? j._J7?$J ;L_:H<>EKv ?3;L\iH)H ?U\h@; H>Uj.H 747:293= _9Z.G47J.7uG_9g'G 4\.7 4:/7u\h$7uG4?3E7J9$:/:<;.^$^37:lH<7J 4\H<jK7%^3;.=>7
^$937u\K\.J 7=>j 9_:H<: ?3= 4:O_:iB9$9;Kvu\Kvu:<J[?37JCFH<j 4E.\F4G:X4H:<9$Yj.J7?NJc;K:l93H<9:O7gLJM:u:<2|j.:>?9r )U=bH<\ :?hH ?34\UH<H jFr_:Xv 4?3^393\i;KJH>=<;K=<7?$ph:G4H>2R:QL7JMH>13j.2MH>7D?VJL=<j.7u;K7FG_\M9?3gOZ%;LH 9H>UHE.CF/;L7 7uHO 7uU?\M\'@YH>:>H<j.9j.7DCF7ZE.:>?39G4;.7:\KH<2JK?h: ?3jKH<j 7
@+4\?$=DUH 93_9@+?3J.GX;KJ =JL987E%G4?9v g?$U\i\KH :lH>U\i9:<\iH<j.7H ?3=< E;.93?3G_J.JcG_9J HZ%IHU7?$U?$\9\KHNH<9j GXG47_:JLP9$7:C[G4HO9;Kg7:l\.HH<?3?Z;.7F^$H<jKj 97'HH>?3?8G4;L7C'9$H>E.:9HP;L3H?37}\.H<H>7MjKj :<7'4:93CF493:OE.= _9;%GU7$:lZK2 ;KGU937FGU94JLg=>7u^3G_? 7u9&=Tg87=<@+9377GU93Jc;K: 7U9$:Z.:OG4?7 9 @
vuv?39\iG4UH<7=>J?3GH>j.4\'7 9N9 E,.IHb vb'j9I:lj )+I@~H>C 7u2 =: U\%v 7 UH 4:X7:>:l7\$H 493GU4gV@+=>7u7$2jK7Dt$;%9\iH UHg _:X:<?3CF7 H UCF7:
9HX9H<gj.937j.: 7NE%U? :<\9U\iH>Hbj.H>:7V?h)?7uH<j.\hj7$=<7u?37DG4;L?3H<H>Ej.E.77P;LJH:<9/4:9H>$93?i7 G4:<?3Hb?[9H<j'Z.;KG4:<)7O7=bJ':<993EKH<CM?M:EK7u9GU\h=>7?3=D3;.7?GU\K@X?$J E%r i7TU93^$H<\K;.j.J =>7N7[U?3\QL;.2qZ%H<phE.7u2H;LYH 7j.47u\7O\ 7u7uh\hL= 394:<7H<7G4GUgM:X?$E%:<H<CF7 j.7N_:?hD?:<k93H<jK7uCF=>GUg?7
H>?F9M @/C'H<9j. 7F4C[@+=>;.7tiC ;.7\K9v G4;.g87N?3?@Y@H>j.1 7'+@+:<?39=);.H>\ ?iI?3HTH<jî9 /4\ 9 $2 7 _: U\0vughvuGU7:PE%7=[:l7v ?$\KJ H<j.7\ UH>:

1o$z

input
time
output time
<Hr jKU^$9;.HD=<?37}\.pL7 2 Q$_:)Q9!HDC'jK7V9 E 4UC[H>vb;.jC :<j 9ICF@~H>E.7u= G I# H>:;KJLJL7u7OG_97 g.9$=>v7H<9$G4J g4\.)^'j.EK7\9H<H<H<j.7=<7O\?3;KH<j.: U7\K= ^'4:DHY:< ?UJ.H>vb7uj G_94\.g^KG 2 U\.7: :l?
J 9&G4;.77P=<7:<\K/v 7u77uE%Z%:7uH@+Y=>?37C 7u\ y[:l;KH<?vv 1P7:<7u: $U$7u7=>g :>g9CF E.G47:<93: CF4:}E.GUH>7ji: ;%+: ) j.7gM=<c7 2 g @4:/YH>7j.7OGU7u:<H 93CF E.6 GU
T7PJ.=b7u9\.H<7 ?3 H<2B7H<j.j.77
4
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4 6;:1
7 4 6
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$ 4 6*: 1
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BK g
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Ke`
17 g
?3 ;L?MHYv ??$j.@ CM7NE.EKjKE GU9$7uIHb:lH<vb7$7Dj2H>j.:<j 7Nj U_:@~JLYH<77^ :=DU4^$3vu\79:X\?= @ H<_:l=bH<79j.\%7PH>:l?[EE9VU?$H>:<vbJL7Tj7G47 :<9IjH>g}j.U@~=<7uH<7=)7u93=;.J /Eh4\.7TÔ9C}EK=bJ;K9Hl:H>H);K7u93=>: 4JK\\.JF^M93:H<\.j.:<7u7Pj.î??9)H>H j.U\ $7u7P=4\:>v 9?$r EhU^$g}H<?h;.jK?=<793H>jGIpL@+2@+Q$=>97QLg 2
;Kti;.:<;K7u9\KE.v UEh7g: v ?393\i: H>4=<\?$GU4H>7j.J7Zh%g^3vb;.jK=>937 \.^ ?34\.=^ J.?) \iIH>j 9=bJ.;KL: 7UJ\K2^ E?'?$:^$I7 H HTU$9'7 JL?37\K: 74=>:72J{ H<=bUH>9vb\Kj :<E:l?$j : UI@~H H U?$_:\

1o$o

+
4\iH<7u=>9G .:<7 H
K $7 1 g
J$L7u7=>G4jK9gc7Pg$7:< CFJ4\K93v JLGU?$Y?E 479: G4: ;.4ku77 :[?Q@ :<:<j.93?$CF;.E.G44JGUGU7Z%:T@+7O?393=bEKvbv j.97 =<?iH :l)7\;.J.Eh?:<C'\.99?=bG4HNJ:lB7?$\.;.?39\K;KG4;.J8^37j 9$:[ :T?U@J @ E_: ?$H U:>^3\%: =>4v Z.7HN9G47 7H<L7vbj.=N:l?}?hH<7jKH<:j%932D9\ HD9H<?Zj./?37P7u;L$HHF/7u= ?f
H>=>C j.74:<7[GU;.4GU:<H 97G4vuU;.\?37V\K$JK?37u@:=>g993ZC';K?3J 9;.4gJHZ.GU\Kg"7[7uCM7`3J8?LyVJLH<H<?;K;? G4Z9g H7 4h?341\K\y}vu2D=<:>7]h993? CF:<7UE.@BJ G4372D:7Y =<2gghE G4934v=<9^$G7NH<93=bGU9;K\K7:<:DE%=b?i9: \KUH ^34?37O\%@+:D=>?39C =>7O`3=<yF7tiH>; ?U=>17y$J y
C})j ;K4:ADG H|7DGUZH<vbjK7/jK?39j%;.\.9^$^ \KjUJL\KG4^ H>7j.J}J7CF@+=>?34:>7=>v ti7/?$;.v\$7u9H \%=>U\hv 7 g@+;.;.?$G4C';Kg3:<92GUgg $ZjK9377/GIH>CF7uvb=>jK?i\K93:9\.HBH ^3Uv $7?$7uJ CMG4g 9CF H?$\MC'UvbG49j./g}? 47uZ%vu$77D7u\_:=b9H<CFJ ?P_:E<C[vu7?3JF;L\iH>v H 7/4?$\hH<\i;.j.H ?374\i;%?3;K:l;.?3G4gH<;KE. :<;LGUg H
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UH 9= _:_95\i\.93H 7\iv 4g :7:<H>:>?'99==>;K4g 9:<H7VH>4??39'\K:vb:'4j.\.7u?h^3 ?$G447V:<:l78HJLH<7?3jKG4\ 97gH>E%jG 4? 4\.:U7\i%EHUH>9vbIHH>j j8):<\.j j ?'4Uvb@~H7uj4\h\.3H>^ j.7GU7c9?$G4E JL^34?$7\.G4= ^M9UH<g 9jKHCH 49CF2eG4 72X\.\;.7CFH<j EK_::D_JLT: 7u93IG4H>\Kg ;KJ9;KH H<:lU?$7jK\J 7
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@+;.\%v H 4?3\?3@ H<jK7 U\.EK;LH2

5#
%$(
.

032!

#

"

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"
'
)%+) "!
!&
'
Qy$y

loadbang
metro 1000
tabplay~ G01tab
input signal
write to delay line
delwrite~ delay1 1000
18
< delay time

(msec)
delread~ delay1
read from delay line
+~
|
OUT
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"
#
!$
%

QyK1

+
< pitch
60
mtof
phasor~
adsr 1 100 1000 0 1000
*~
*~
input
signal
50
< delay time
delread~ G02del 160

*~ 0.7
+~
|
OUT
read from delay line
feedback gain
add the original and the delayed signal

delwrite~ G02del 2000
write to delay line
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"
#
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QyiQ
48

< pitch
mtof
30
< timbre
* 0.5
* 0.01
pack 0 100
/ 100
line~
osc~ 0
< cycle frequency (hundredths)
osc~
*~
+~ 1
cos~
10
< cycle depth (msec)
pack 0 100
line~
*~
hip~ 10
clip~ 0.2 0.2
60
< feedback
(hundredths)
* 0.01
+~ 1.46
vd~ G03del
pack 0 100
+~
line~
hip~ 5
|
OUT
*~
clip~ 1 1
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Z%7Vvu{B?39\iH>H<vb=>j ?3G4N7Jyd%42\8vu?3{\iJH<=>?3;KG: 2 UZK\.GU^?Lvb9ML:\.47ku7$2 E?$J ZL7r v 4H"^3! ;.=>7ph2RQ$p T:ljK?D:Tj.? H<j.7FZ.G4?Lvb: 4ku7Fvu93\

!D]h7uHTH>j.7[G4?Lvu9GZ.G4?hvb: Uk7V?@|H<jK7[EK9H>vbj8 4\KJL?H<jK7V?3ZL7v H
:vuU93H>\ : UZ%\72 ;K /:<G47?LJvb H>?: 4H>ku;.7=<:O\ C[9;%;K:J HOU?Z7vu?3E%CF?/E.7u;L=bHb:P9H ?U@/?$\ HY ?%I2'H>j 4\ j.7 H<jK
7 4\KJLM??$ZL?$\7v H9 \KUJ \0? 93& JKXJ I;KH : U?$U\.\ ^
v 9?$\K\$JH>=<:<?$E%G7vCFU@+7g:>:<?933^377=<:uG_2)9EKATE JKU\KJ ^MIH Uvu?$?3\KCF9E.G|;Lv Hb=>979H 4H ?34?3\%\:93JL=<7^$CM;.CF?$\K7u:l\iH<H>=b:D9H<v79J \4:<\ 7 HWYH<jKj.97}E.H<GU?L7uvu= 93fDGf :> 92 CFE.G47V=b9H<7
\E%9=<H 9 /?@H<j.7PK^$;.=>7 +H<j.7NC'9 4\EK9Hbvbj .9M=>7v H>9\K^3;.G_9=/E.;.G_:l7 _:):l7\iH/H>?MH<j.7
}:<;.Z.EK9H>vbj K)j.?$:<7N?3;LH>E.;LH _:H<j.7\8=<7uH<;.=>\.7JH>?FH<j.7VC'9 U\EK9Hbvbj2
{B9=<H Z ?@%H<j.7/K^$;.=>7:<j.?D:H<jK7vu?3\iH<7\iH>:|?@%H<j.7D:<;.Z.E%9H>vbj )j _vbjM:<7u\KJK:H<j.7E.;.G_:<7:

Qyif

+
(a)
(b)
loadbang
incoming
delay
pulses
time
metro 500
inlet~
inlet
random 60
delread~ G04del
del 1
1
+ 30
+~
*~ 0.99
mtof
vline~
expr 1000/$f1
pd delaywriter
outlet~
block~ 1
|
OUT
set block size
.\r9?$4^3=<;.C'=>937OGpLm3N2 d}Qi?3p:>ZL!|9CFA7v E.HDEKG4799:"Hb\%!vbJj 9 9M;K : =>2|47\.H<v j.^FU=b7PZ.v C';.GU?LG_99vb4H \U\K: EK^M4ku97NJLH>vb7v jG4?39\igH>Z=<\.?$ 7 G%2|H/H>H>?Fj.?37=>GU? /2 JL7u7=/G49H<g jK 7P)G4= ?hUH<?37E=
OJL7u:<G_;.9Z.g'EKZ97uH>vbG4?j H<IjKH>j 7

4: \iU^$H<\K?899G$v =>?37CFv UE.=bv ;.;KH>G499H H U4?$\.\V^;KJ.:<7u7G_:99Dg32FZ.G4?Lj.vbP7 : Uk 7 M?3?$@.ZL?37\.v G4gPHV?3:lE\.77$v2IK]h?)7:PH>j.H<jK79C H4\ U4\ C[H<;.j C 4:O9$:<vb;.j Z.UEK799H>Z.vbj G47
JL7G49{Xg ;._:Hl)H 4?$\.\.^7O9:<93EKCM;.EKG4:<GU7 7 4+\K?$=:H>?379$H<j.J7?3=P@ 7uH>.j.v 7VUH>JL9H7 U@?$93\c;.GU:HTU^$m\KdK92 G 4\iH<?9=>7v U=bv ;KG49H 4\.^vu?3C[Z KGUH<7u=
H>:>?v = C'UZ97J37}4\M9'9PE EKUH>93vbE%j 7_:=BZi:<gV?3CFH<j.7u7H C 4CM 7V]:T.vz39` G4
U7$J 93GIH>aj.H?3S;.@.^$"/jV%U)7H>; j..7 H54'J.,7 9N)+:l7[#7u,&C' ]^:C>H<)+?N )%ZjK79?3 G_JL4\.7u^=2Z 7uHB7C'\ 93JLJ.7 7
U H>:)]^'? 9g'#) @+?$O=D#?7 J.@.9(CF'#,%E.2G47 4\$H>?{B9;.G 9\K:<hg # :N1oipo}E 47vu7 .d ,&!_)+(C+) ', e@^' C<? E<[

%$(
'
%

'"
'
"!
?3\@i)\.=?3I\.H U=>\K7^v UU=b\iv H<;K?G49H>Hj.47\.^}JL7JLG479G4g9gFG 4\.\.7X7u7HY9=>?$G =<47uL= :4 \PUHDH<j.:ljK7Y?3:l;.7t$G_J;K7uZ\K7vuE7|?$H<jK:>: 93U\NZ.G4H<7jKH<9?MHE.?@LG49$=<v 7793J H<j.4\.7N^ ?$UHE%27=>9jKH 47u?3=>\ 7
_::<W/j.:<?34?3CF;K;.G4E%\%J?iJH>:lji7H>J;%j.:T7TZhZg:<77[tiH<\.j.;.?7 7u\%4GU\$v ?7)H>/7u?7u=>@=TE%;.?$G 4\G4C 9IHH/I4HP?3^3\?37u\K\8:>7uvbH>=bj.j.97u7[H<CF?$G4=B7u7 \.v ?3^3:lCFH<7j7}E.?3;.:<7@BH>v9H<H H j.UU?$7M?$\ \ JLph47u: G_2q9p +g CF2G?$4\.:l\cH<7 G4G4g 93B7 \..7 ^3v L;%7E.9ELG ^3_vH7U):DH$j%:<:<;K9?OvbH<jc7H>3j 9$74:=:
_:4CFB7E.9$G :l_vg[UHOH<?[9\K:<EJ793v U\.@+g3?H>2|j.7u\F=NH>9j.EK7TE.^$=<=>?i9393E.vbjj8_vuC}9GL;KE%:HP9H>Z%vb7}j UH>\.93Ô377\8\h H<4?=>?37u\.\KCF:<;.7u=\iUHb\K: ^$j.H<?j%Y9H73@+7?$==H>7uj.L7D93CF?3=bE.JLGU77 = 49 :
pL2 9Q3 g z ?2 @O 93vTv ?$?3CMZ.EK7G v_:lH j _:U/\.^vu?3H>CFj E.4: ;LH>47:J:lj.Z%?7u)@+?3\ =>7P4H<\j.7O{B9v ?$H>vb=<j=>7:<NEy$?3f.\K2 J 7u4L\.7^!v ;.H 4?3 \ 2 ?3=bJL7u=?32 EZLJ7v Hr 2XU^$;.\K=>77
?$vu?3=>JLCF7E.\[=[;LE%H>Hbj.997=<H H4?3H Y\ 9 |? H<?JLj.@K77 H>G4j.97Yg0K ?$^3E%;. 7=>=>7 9HH>4F?3j.\K7?3:Fv ZL?397\KEKv \.E%H}77v vu9H ?3= 4;.?3U\KG_\ J: H<4Z\VjK77H<jKv :<?$7/?3CFE%=<H<E.97H>;LJ vbH<jM7:<J07JLti?P7 ;.U\.7H<?jK\KHB7uv =[7JL7 Z?H>7 @7u@+=>?$H C 4=<G 7JLU\.7?37/=[?$)ZL9j @~7_vH<b7uv j =H
H>j.7 F?3ZL7v H2P @/7[ _:ljH<?C'9337}:<;.=>7VH>j.7[)= IH U\K^?3E7u=b9H U?$\jK93E.E%7\K:Z%7u@+?3=>7
"
#'
(!& %+

%"
#
!&
'
Qy$m

(a)
delay in
samples
45
(b)

/ 44.1
pd pulse
pack 0 30
delwrite~ G05d1 1000
line~
vd~ G05d1
pd pulse
+~
pd delaywriter
(BAD)
pd delayreader
(GOOD)
<HCr j.UU^$7^$gM;.j$=<H|937=<Z7)ph7/=>2R7uQ7Lz9$7!J v ;.UaT\'H<:7\.UJ \K?$Û\\M :l=<7 ;K7UH<vZ.jK4EK=>7uvu9=;.HbH<vbG49j.j.H 774:'\. ^N= H<4? ^3\.ji7 7HH\K/
T:<?3?3;.=>==<L7H<: j.! H>7 jK99 )BHH<=>JLj.?37u7\KG_^9g
)?$ G =>4\.JL 77:= 9=>Z)78 9H<\K)j.J = 7UHlH>7uT\ ?$ZZL7 7@+ ?$v =<H>7:
H<?3:lj.;KZL7Z.7EK v 9H Hbvb_:j.7U: \%B: H>_JLj. 77 H<?$jK=>7J.7u=M??3@T\.7$7u2 h 7 /v ;L7vH U9?$;K\ :< 7F?3 @D? @/H<:lj.H<;Kj.7Z.7EK=>793993;KHbJ vbJ j4?)93= v \KI?$H>J \.7\.H<EK7j.9 v 7 UH = 4?34\ :}8Z%@+?$?37u=>Z.HvuY777Jv 7uH \ H>?c_:H<jKZ47'7\K: HH<_JYj.L?77
v ?$=<=>7v H/?$\.732
H<HYj.7[?'=<?$7E%937J =>49\.H ^F4?3?3\KE: 7uU=b\9H :<U;.?$\Z.EKL9YH>7Vvbj.v79: \E.v ?$=>\.?Lv \.7u77v JH 4\.93^': 4H>\8j.7OEK9H/=<H ?'+Z _9D?93@;KH<J j.47V?K: ^34^3;.\K=>937 G4%:T9:l\K?'JH>E.jK;L9HTHTH<H<j.j.77
K:l;K=bZ.:HEK:<9;.HbZ.vbj.EK79: H>vb_:Bj'JLC}?$;K\.7):HY9Z%H<?$7TC vu?34vCF9E.G4U;Lg H>7U\}JFH<ZjK7 7D@+?$:l=<77)\K:lH>7/j.7TH>jK:<97HBvu?3H>\Kj.JM77u?3\i\KH 7342=<7)AD:<;.;%Z.J EKU?}9H>v vb?3jFCFv E.?$;.\$H>H>7u9\iH UH>?$:B\ 93U=<\ 7
Uv \?$\KH>:j.\_J7OL7H<?3j=<\.747O:NJ}:<7u9$;.L:Z.93H<EKCFj.97DE.H>GU93vb7 j;KJ jKH<4j.9?N7EKvuE%?3 7CF= \KU^$E.:)ji;LZH Hb
7 9@+H ?393U=>\K?$7O\[J89@+H>?$\hj.=|gi7 H<H<j j. 4)7D\.=<^:<?$;.4\.Z.\ÊK
FH>9j.H>7Vvbj'9:<g793v :BH<?$?9P\KJC')j.?39?$3\.GU7[7$7$2 2|H<j.]L7F?Pv 7?$3C[7=<Z8giH<%j GIUH>\.7u^ =
jK: _J9L37}7}?9@|;KH<J j.47}Z.G4EKg89JHbvb'&j 7u+=>;%7u\i: 4HN\.^=<7:<:l;.;KZ.GIHbE%:u92PH>r.vbjK?3=N7: JL7^ G4943gL7:D:)G4H<7jK:>:T7}H<v jK?$93=<\=>7v mHDd=<:<793:lCM;KGIEKH GU%7Z.: ;.%HH<j.H>7Mj.7[= U^$G47 j$@~HPHjKjK99\K\KJJ
: _JL7OJL?h7:<\ # HDE.=>?hJ.;Kv 7OJL7G49gL:Z7uG4?H<jK7Vmd':<93CFE.GU7NZ.G4?Lvb: Uk732

%$

! &
#
!

?L\v H>EK99$H>7vbj:<j NU@~H y34m.\.2^ ?Lv4\iHb9H<=>3?L73JL2 JL;K?$v ;.7Z.J'G47u7=932 =<EG J47u= r U\4^3EK;.9=>7VHbvbphj2RQo y$X`.Y2 ?L7Pv H>=>97u$ 734: 2 UJ HY4 H>_Jj.L7 7=4JL2 E7J9[2?3@ j.E 7UH>=<vb7 j$ hZK\.9$?:l7J
UU\K\iH>Ô=<?LH<j.JL7T;KvuE%7Y7=:<4;.?LZ.J jK4v93I=<HCFgM?$?\ @ 493v\:u2U\KDvu7u?3=>C 7/Y4\.7Y^[=<:<7?39;.G U\KkJ'7XH<93jKGU47Y?/?Lv 7HbJM93;K7:BJ.H>?3?O;.H<Z.;KG4\.7u7=|JL9N7= :<Uvu\K= ^V4Z%CF7J ?hJ.4\M;.G4]h97H<v?$H =B4?3H<\?
4:lphvE2 :`.7 2'v GUH<7aT=b99: G44\.7u\.^8\h^397?3GU\.?$G493E%g= 7P_9H<?jKZ.@ 7'G4H<7 7uj. 37N\.7?3:l\ ?$\;.?$ =>\K\.7J7v :44=b:/v );.=>?3jG_9;._vbH ^$Ujc\.j.^GU:<gF?3v ;.E.?$\%=>C[7Jc:<Zc7u93=>K\c3GI7H>?LJF7uv =VHbZh9/gF37M7MH<j.Kj 7PGU4H<^3?37uj.E=O77u?$==b2M;L9HVH ATU?$?L:N\ J.ZLJ 7 :l?}@+jK?39Y=>=>7 7NCFvuH<?393j.\\ 7
H<9=b39? \K4J}:<EH<?$jK: 7 IH U ?$vb\j 42 E.C};.\.
N7 &7v HY/7DY?$;.G_JFjK937)^$?HXZhg};%: 4\.^[:<E%77Jvbj%9\.^$7H<?[JL?VH<j.7
"
%+
#
!$
%
%(*!
'
%+
Qyhp

+
pd looper
fiddle~ 2048
unpack
mtof
moses 1
expr 500/$f1
fundamental frequency
t f b
1/2 period, in msec
samplerate~
expr 2048000/$f1
+
delread~ G06del
estimate fiddle~ delay

as one window (in msec)
pack 0 20
line~
vd~ G06del
+~
|
OUT
r 4^3;.=>7MpL2 ?3Q3ZLo ! 7v ATH \ H>? ?LH<v ;.H>\K9377 9JLvu?3?3;KC}Z.ZcGU7=%

GIH>7u;K=N:<7H<:?8E =>U7uH>CFvbj ?$47[\L@+H>?$j.=<7'C'?L9J.H UJ ?$\ jK9+=>?$CFZLH>?39 \ U_v\Ku7: J 4\0;K: 94\\.^ U\9
vu?3C U\K^F:<?3;K\KJ 2
Qy$z

:H<?4^3\%99j.GJL7P7u+G_@+9vu=<?$?3g CC}?Z@OH>j.K1 7 3GUH<Q 7= H<4j.\.7^ 4 :/ UJL\%?3JL\K?:<7;.ZhZ.: gE%4ku9v 7H>?$vbC[?j@Z 9H<4\j.HD47H<\.?$^VE E UHH>/vb2)j0?}@+J.j.?$7u7VGUG_49?.g3 L77UJ\KJ^ v ?3?39\KE G47 U^37?$:= ?3UH<@j. H<Cj. 7284 \K v j.?$_:7C T=<7U:<\.937 ^ H:
H<U:<\ j93CF_:H<'j.E.7u7FGUh7P7EK99G \K_v=>G934UH<7uGUgLG4=Pg3: 27 4:Y.9CF4j.\K7E.JLG4?7}JL 7H<G4j 9;K_:g :<P74/J'\ 9$Zh:TC gFj UH>G4_Jj..47:<JL77vu\ ?3\K4\ J.: 94\.:'?3?3H<7j.ZL:H7U7=PC'v :<H9;. H<Z.47\EKJ9C H>9$vb4:'GUj 47 :<ti7/;Kvu7F?393\KG)vuJK9H<:X\c?H>\.H>j j.?4:7 vuQ?3:<y3j.CFd$?7z :
H<?1y$j.y3By7$Q393y= d$_9z ZK#GUg 7 )JL7uj.G_79=<g e7 4g :_:H</jK7H<jK:>7V9:<CF93CM7 TEKE.GU7NG4;K=b: 9H<1 7$32 Q0?@[H<j.7 CF793:<;.=>7J E%7= 4?LJ?@[H<j.7
U\%j.v ?37TC :<;.4\.Cw^8?:l@?$H<;.j \K_:J 93?$\K='JM1H<y$jKy37)y . L 7Q J' JL7C G49UG4g}_:<H 74CFv ?$7 \K_:J.B:NH<jK)7uj.\7=<:<7 CF?i?3_:H<Pj.H<7jKJM7};K@+: =>47\.ti^[;.9 7\Kv g U\D?3DZL7=l7H>v k3H 2
H<?FC'] U9\%$v 77PH>H<j.j.7 7V4J\.'&E.;L7uH=>7u: \K4^3vu\K7N93Z%G%7u@+H?$Y=7H<7uj.\7OH>j.937N= _9H/Z.?MG47OJLJL77uG49G_9gLg: G_:U\K1732 Q iH>j.7N=<7:l?$\K9\iH/@+=<7t$;K7u\
vph42 7` :) ?3_:Y@|kuH<7uj.=>7V?[=>97H:<;.H<GUjKH 7D4\.@+^=>7vuti?3;.C[7u\%Zv K47GU: H<7 =`93=< 7[$&Q $ $ h2 d:l?[ 2 H<m j. 7$=<$&7$ :lK;.H>GUj.H 47O\.^MH>=>:l93?$\K;.:\K@+7J'=)v @+;.?$\i\KH>v 9 H 44?3\K\:?3 \.:l7G4gMv H H<4?3j.\ 7
EKU\%9v =<?3H C_94G_\.:B^9HX:<?3C};.;.\%GUJH 4E.4:TGU7?3:X;L?3H>@E.Q ;L HT H 93_v\} 7 ?L2 v 9H>92 jK397)GU93@ Z%vu?gL$v 7YG47VH>9j.EK7D93?$=l= H 4%^ 4?L\KJ.9JG 2jK]L937u=<7uCF\'?$93\ \.4v?:DH>j.97u=>=X7OH>j.9g7u=>7uH<Zhj.g7
H<:lj.j 7I@~U YH>=D7?3JJ.H<7uj1G_9z$H>g3yj 74JJ.:T7u9v ^3?$\K=>E J7u477H>: :)j.7O9\%?LJv=bH>93=>9J 7u$_9C'7O\K9 J :4U\P _J9UL\\K7uJH<=jKC'v7V99:l\Kg;.vuC7uZ%G 7}2 793GUH<7u7u\=>7jKJ93=<H>CF?'?$CF\ 934v3:O7V9:<=>j 7 U@~H>U\:D?3E.@|jK`F9$:l?$7'=) dFUH<H<j?
?393\.:)7 9F4\MC}@+;K=<: 7_vtiP;..7u@~\KH>vuj g i9F9\K=bJ}9H H<4?'jK7u?g[@BC'` !R9Q g[Y93ZhG4g:<?N:<j Z%U7@~H v 4\.?3^C}ZJL4?\.)7\J}H<9?O\C'?Lv93Hb397)3v 7O?$9CM\%EJ?3H>;Kj.\K7uJF\8:lZ%j 93U@~vbH>:Y;.:l;%Evbj9
@=<937v :l;KH<?3GIHb=:u?2 @H<j.=>7u7$2 ?3;:<j.?3;KG4J'JL?VH<j.7TJ.?)\ :<j U@~H 4\.ÔZ7 @+?3=>7)H>j.7D;.E :<j I@~H U\KÔ@+?3=YZ%7:H

%$

%, %

!
!
?{B 4@X\K9Hb9:lvbH<j7vu9$?3NC[J8yiZ?pL@BK2 :<HGUjK/H<79? =$2)7u93=T:2 E7u4J=>\87V r H<Yj.4^37}7M;Kv ?3=<?37M= C}4^ pLZ42 \K`$4\.9y G7NT\.H<:l?3j.j.\?7 DU=>\K:P7E.v 94;L=bHv J ;.'&: G_U9^$7uH \K=>U7u\.9\iG^HO9vuH)?39@+C}?$gZ8;.?3=K@J GU7 H<&7uh=H>7u7u=>\K7u\i7J 93HD4\.vbH j^4CF9H<j.7}HN7 9:<j _JLJ U@~7UH>@ 9 :
@+9[7u=>JL7u7\iG49HgFE%?iG U:\KU7H 4397O\%JF9\%H>93J E ?$U=YH\.97H^$H<9jKH =<47377TJ î9 &47\=<2B7\i H/?FEJL? ?M4\iH<H>j :4$:H>Lj.Y77 @+?34\K;.:l=<7H<=lj H/H< jKH>937 E 4
\.E._:X;.H>HTj.: 7P4^3?3\K= 93U^ G U4\K\i93H<G?
;.\KJLAT7G4:/9g$9V7J9: g}4^3?3\%@ 9H<G j2 4\. U\K^}9Z?3;.HH<jK7D@+=>7ti;.7u\%v gM=<7:lE?3\K:<7D?3@ 9O@+?3;K= H>93Ev ?3C}ZFKGUH<7u=
Y7j.7uv \?$\K/: 7_JL77u=V\KJ K=b;.:EHM) jKIH>9j HMjK9 9: EK4E%CM7EK\KGU:M78)\.?$j.\7u\0 =<7Hv /4=>?vu;.?3G4@D9HH<4j.\.7^c@+vu?3?3;.C}=MZ ^$9 KU\%GUH<:[7=9/=>7 UvuH<GUj?i:l7H<j.H<7? :<kG U7u^$=>j$?KH 2
v 9?$=>7FCMZ%EK?3G _vH<uj9H ?4?3@/\H<j.H<jK79:<HD93H<CMj.7'7O:îU9^$4\ \K :/?7'@|H>^3j.7u7NHNHH<Yj.?'7JL:>97CFG49g$7F7EJ7v 9?$LE :OU793:)\KJC'9g93GUZ47u7[gL:VJ 9$&:N7=<E.7=>\$7HJ 2X_v H>@|7H<J j.7U\g
]h@)97G4v H<UHj.74gh7?3g:\02 93ph=<2 7` ?3?3E.\KEGU?$g8: I H>7UH<jc4\ H<j.: 47F^3\ 9G4H>j.7ugL7:PZ%97uG4 H7uYgL7:O7uZ\ 7Ev ?$7CF93L7:EE7?$9:>L: U:}Z.G49g8\KJ Z7 H>4j.\.7ÊCM7?$9=<L7M:[:lZ%j%79v G4?3U?CFO7 2
J 9&G4U7T7=<gh77:[E%\$HO79\K=>JL7FJ 74G4:<\.9EK^g9$v ?3H 7U\ CFJ 7)Zh:Ogcj v4vbJ9j \'&H7u9/=>= 7u4?c:<\i7 H}Hb9493\ EKCM:H>?$j Y;._:78\iH>:<: ;.9E.g H<Ej.=b?$79:<\KJ.7J7u^ G_49\./g8^7u=>HZ747 CFH\./7?3:[7u\.7u93k\=<7u7'=>m? vbY9j.\KH<?ij.Jc:l77\0`3E%y:l7?C9LH>4:'G jK_:99lH}7\Kv Jm
H<?3^ j.\K4 7MJKU\.:u@+=>2}^7ti9\ ;.:<7H>;K\Kj.vuv 7Fvug7^3:>=>7u: 7\K4:<?37uE%\8=b?$9?3\KGB@Y:lvu7[v 9$?$@+:l;.CF7 \KE.Uv \ G H _v4u)?39\ j H<7_vbJ8j93=<EKg939GU4H<\.H<^H>7j.=<vu\K7'?3:\i^$2OH9 4U\h\Kj;.:N_:?3T93;%=<jK:l7}G49$g:D\.Z%?3H>\j.7uH7MYku77 7=<&7u? 7\c v HOYH<j.7F?37@X:lvu7M=>939 \ 7 4h: 4UH<C'\K=>^7u9CF^ 9U7\K\.: J 7
"

%
Qy$o

+
frequency
time constant
(msec)
100
on/off
110
metro
phasor~ 80
delwrite~ G07del 30
*~
* 4
+ 1
mod 4
line~
t f b
delread~ G07del 30
random 1000
*~
line~
expr 2 * $f1/1000 0.7
delread~ G07del 17
pack 0 0 200
*~
line~
route 0 1 2 3
delread~ G07del 11
*~
line~
+~
|
OUT
>Hr j.4^37N;.H>=>937PEKph:u22 `3y !A <: jK9337u=

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LQ 1y

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%$

#
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"
!$%#

%$
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"

!&
QL1$1

+
inlet~
"early echo" generators, which also increase echo density.
reverbecho echodel1 5.43216

Get the outputs of the recirculating
delays. Add the inputs to two of them.

delread~ loopdel1 60
delread~ loopdel2 71.9345

+~
+~
outlet~
outlet~
Tap outputs from here.

+~
+~
Do a powerconserving
mix of them in pairs.
First combine (1,2) and
(3,4)...
+~
+~
...then (1,3) and (2,4)

feedback gain on a scale
of 0100 controls reverb
time.
/ 200
inlet
*~
min 100
*~
*~
*~
max 0
delwrite~ loopdel4 95.945

Put the signals back into
the recirculating delays.

delwrite~ loopdel1 60
r 4^3;.=>7Vph2 `.1 !BAT\93=lH Iv _9G =>7u37=<Z7u=b9H>?3=2
QL1Q

inlet~

inlet~
+~
delwrite~ $1 $2
delread~ $1 $2
outlet~
outlet~
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%$
"
%$

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QL1`

+
r transpose
r window
< transposition
(halftones)
* 0.05776
0
<window
(msec)
max 1
exp
speed
change
* 0.001
t b f
* 1
delay
(msec)
tape head
rotation freq
r delay
pack 0 200
+~ 0.5
line~
phasor~
wrap~
max 1.5
pack 0 200
~ 0.5
*~
*~ 0.5
+~
cos~
vd~ G09del
~ 0.5
*~
*~ 0.5
+~
cos~
vd~ G09del
line~
*~
*~
+~
|
OUT
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