Yusuf Al-Qaradawi Yusuf al-Qaradawi is a controversial Egyptian Islamic Theologian.

His full name is Yusuf bin Abdullah bin Ali bin Yusuf. While al-Qaradawi is a family name taken from the name of the area where they come from, namely al-Qardhah. He was born on 26 September 1926 in Safat Turab village in the Nile Delta, Egypt. He lost his father when he was two years old, thus was raised by his uncle. He started attending the kuttab (Koranic school) even before he began state school and by the age of nine, he can read and memorized the entire Quran thereby earning the title shaykh. At 14, al-Qaradawi already appointed as imam at his villages mosque on occasions such as Ramadhan and when he was 20, he started giving lessons in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Al-Qaradawi joined the Institute of Religious Studies at Tanta and took nine years before graduated. He pursued his study at Al-Azhar University in Cairo studying Islamic Theology where he graduated in 1953. Later, he earned a diploma in Arabic Language and Literature at the Advanced Arabic Studies Institute in 1958. He enrolled in the graduate program in the Department of Qur'an and Sunnah Sciences of the Faculty of Religion's Fundamentals (Usul al-Din), and graduated with a Masters degree in Quranic Studies in 1960. In 1962, he was sent by Al-Azhar University to Qatar to head the Qatari Secondary Institute of Religious Studies. He completed his PhD thesis titled Zakah and its effect on solving social problems in 1973 with First Merit, and was awarded his PhD degree from Al Azhar. In 1977, he laid the foundation for the Faculty of Shari'ah and Islamic Studies in the University of Qatar and became the faculty's dean. In the same year he founded the Centre of Seerah and Sunna Research. He served at the Institute of Imams, Egypt under the Egyptian Ministry of Religious Endowment as supervisor before moving back to Doha as Dean of the Islamic Department at the Faculties of Shariah and Education in Qatar where he continued until 1999. His next appointment was in Algeria as Chairman of the Scientific Council of Islamic University and Higher Institutions betweens 1990 to 19991. He returned to Qatar again as Director of Seerah and Sunnah Center at Qatar, a post he occupies until now. Besides that, Al-Qaradawi is the head of the Europian Council for Fatwa and Research, an Islamic scholarly entitled based in Ireland. He also serves as the chairman of International Union for Muslim Scholars (IUMS).

Al-Qaradawi is a principal shareholder and former Sharia adviser to Bank Al-Taqwa, a member bank of the Lugano-Switzerland Al-Taqwa group, a bank that the U.S. states finances terrorism and that the UN Security Council had listed as associated with Al Qaeda. On 2 August 2010, the bank was removed from a list of entities and individuals associated with Al Qaeda maintained by the Security Council. He is popular for his Al Jazeera program named Ash-Shariah wal hayat (Shariah and life) and for website Islam online that he helped to found in 1997, where he offers opinion and religious verdicts (Fatwa) and provide possible solutions based on Quran, Hadith and strong logic. He delivered many speeches in his interviews given in different media. From his early life until now, Al-Qaradawi has been tried to ease off the Shariah within the obligations in practical life. He has been struggling to depose misconceptions and misinterpretations about Islam and to provide exact and superior solutions on various issues through his writings and speeches. So in his early life, he delivered much speech and writings for Islam and against monarchy and was imprisoned more than three times in 1949 when his book Tyrant and the scholar was published. However, he didnt give up in provide practical solution on current world problem which are in integral part of Muslim life. These problems cover suicide bombing, terrorism, alcohol, Homosexuality, conflict between Israel-Lebanon, Israel-Palestine and other basic Shariah rules and obligations such as Hijab, religious rights. Qaradawi has seven children, four daughters and three sons. As a scholar who is very open, he freed his children to study any match of interests and talents and tendencies of each. And incredibly, he did not distinguish education adopted by his daughters and sons. Three of his daughters hold doctorates from British Universities where one of his daughters, Ilham Yousef Al-Qaradawi received his doctorate in the field of nuclear physics from the UK and now internationally recognized as nuclear scientist. His second daughter earned a doctorate in chemistry also from the UK. Meanwhile, his oldest son has completed his education at the University of Texas USA. The boys were the first to take degree in electrical engineering in the United States, the second, Abdul Rahman study at Darul Ulum, Egypt. He is known as a poet and a political activist in Egypt while the youngest had completed his studies at the faculty of electrical engineering majors. Judging from the diversity of children's education, al-Qaradawi showed his approval on modern education. Of the seven children, only one study at Darul Ulum Egypt and studying religion. While the other, taking general education and everything taken abroad. The reason

is, as Qaradawi is a scholar who rejects the dichotomous division of science. All science can be Islamic and un-Islamic, depends on the people who see and use it. A dichotomous separation science, according to Qaradawi, has hindered the progress of Muslims. Al-Qaradawi was one of the hundreds of thousands of young men inspired by alBanna's vision. In contrast with later Islamists, al-Banna had a generally good relationship with al-Azhar, and therefore his Azhari followers were not torn between two loyalties. The shaykh was a member of the Brotherhood for several decades, and although he claims to have left it, he acknowledges his debt towards it for the part it played in his intellectual development. Furthermore, al-Qaradawi does not shy away from meddling in the group's internal affairs, as shown by his public support for Hizb al-Wasat, formed by a handful of young Muslim Brothers in 1996 without the consent of the group's conservative leadership. In addition, he is seen as one of the Brotherhood's main ideologues, and in 2002 he was offered the position of its "general guide", which he turned down Al-Qaradawi left Egypt for Qatar 1961 due to the cruel regime at that time. He returned to Egypt in 2011 in the wake of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. In Tahrir Square he led Friday prayers on 18 February, addressing an audience estimated to exceed two million Egyptians.

ACHIEVEMENT Yusuf Al Qaradawi has received many awards by various countries and institutions regarding his contributions to Islamic society. There are some awards received by Yusuf Al Qaradawi: The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Prize in Islamic Economics 1991 King Faisal International Prize for Islamic Studies 1994 Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (Sultan of Brunei) Award for Islamic Jurisprudence 1997 Sultan Al Owais Award for Cultural & Scientific Achievements 19981999 Dubai International Holy Quran Award for Islamic Personality of the Year 2000 The State Acknowledgement Award for contributions in the field of Islamic Studies from the Government of Qatar 2008 Tokoh Ma'al Hijrah (Hijra of the Prophet) award by the Malaysian Government 2009

The Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies, part of the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development, instituted the "Sheikh Yusuf Al Qaradawi Scholarships" in 2009, awarding them to five students each year for post-graduate studies. It also named after him its newly established research centre, The Qaradawi Center for Islamic Moderation and Renewal. Yusuf Al Qaradawi is a trustee of the Oxford University Center for Islamic Studies and has been named as the technical consultant for a multi-million dollar English-language film about Prophet Muhammad produced by Barrie Osborne. A 2008 Foreign Policy online poll put him at No.3 in the list of the Top 20 Public Intellectuals worldwide.

CONTRIBUTION Books Fiqh az Zakat Yusuf Al Qaradawi has authored more than 80 books and his academic style and objective thought are considered to be some of the main characteristics of his works. His most famous work is The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam. Professor Mustafa al-Zarqa declared that owning a copy of it was "the duty of every Muslim family." His book Fiqh al-Zakat is considered by some as the most comprehensive work in the area of zakat. Abul Ala Maududi commented on it as "the book of this century in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh)" The prominent Deobandi Islamic scholar Muhammad Taqi Usmani, said this about the work: The first book that read in its entirety of his works is his valuable book Fiqh al-Zakat, and I benefitted much from this great, encyclopedic, rewarding work through which the author did a great service to the second of the pillars of Islam, in a way that the ummah needs today, when it comes to the application of zakat at the level of the individual and the group. Indeed this work manifested the genius of its author, and his inventive methodology, not only in the clarification of issues pertaining to zakat and their compilation, but in stimulating research in contemporary topics that no one before him had touched upon, and basing them upon the principles fiqh and its jurisprudential theory.

Fiqh al Jihad His book Fiqh al-Jihad has been widely commented on. The Guardian's writes: Instead Qaradawi encourages a "middle way" conception of jihad: "solidarity" with the Palestinians and others on the front line, rather than violence, is an obligatory form of jihad. Financial jihad, which corresponds with the obligation of alms giving (zakat), counts as well. And Muslims should recognize that technological change means that media and information systems are as much a part of the jihadist repertoire as are guns. Indeed, as long as Muslims are free to use media and other resources to press their case, there is no justification for using force to "open" countries for Islam.

This book has also been analyzed by University of Michigan professor Sherman Jackson and Tunisian reformer Rachid Ghannouchi.

Major works: Time in the life of the Muslim Priorities of the Islamic Movement in the Coming Phase Towards a Sound Awakening The Status of Women in Islam Islamic Awakening between Rejection and Extremism The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam Diversion and Arts in Islam (in progress) Islam: Modern Fatwas on Issues of Women and the Family (Fatawa Mu'asira fi Shu'un al-Mar'a wa al-Usrah) (Dar al-Shihab, Algeria, 1987)

Yusuf Al Qaradawi has also been the subject of the book The Global Mufti: The Phenomenon of Yusuf Al Qaradawi published by Columbia University Press. He is also profiled as one of the leading liberal voices in contemporary Islam in Charles Kurzman's book Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook, published by Oxford University Press.

Muslim Brotherhood Yusuf Al Qaradawi is a major figure in the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamic movement founded in Egypt in 1928 that has spawned several contemporary terrorist groups (including Hamas and Egyptian Islamic Jihad, which was absorbed by Al Qaeda). Since the 1980s after several crackdowns in Egypt and Syria the group has generally refrained from violence while remaining dedicated to enshrining Islamic teaching as civil law. Its ideology is rooted in anti-Semitism. For example, Said Qutb, the group's leading intellectual, wrote an essay in 1950 titled "Our Struggle with the Jews," in which he argues that the Jews had always been enemies of Muslims and in modern times used secular Western culture to corrupt and ultimately destroy Islam.

In early 2004, Qaradawi declined an offer to serve as the group's leader, a position he said had first been offered 28 years earlier. His prominence in the movement was underscored when he and two other Brotherhood leaders met with Syrian President Bashar Assad in May 2004 in an effort to improve the group's relations with Assad's government.

European Council for Fatwa and Research Qaradawi is chairman and president of this Dublin-based group, which he founded in 1997 to establish a central religious authority for European Muslims. The organization issues fatwas that guide European Muslims to follow Syariah, or Islamic law, outside of the Muslim world. The Council does not acknowledge the state of Israel and rejects any compromise with the Jewish state. The Council's deputy, Faisal Mawlawi, stated on IslamOnline in June 2007 that Palestinians fight merely "to drive out the Zionist aggressors and to force them to return to the countries they came from." During its annual conference in 2003, the Council issued a fatwa supporting suicide bombing operations against coalition forces in Iraq as well as against Israelis. In April 2004, Mawlawi published a fatwa on IslamOnline in response to the mutilation of the bodies of security contractors in Iraq, where he permitted such acts. Two weeks after the fatwa was published, the body of a Spanish officer, who died during a raid on a terrorist cell associated with the March 11 Madrid bombing, was disinterred and burned.

International Association of Muslim Scholars Yusuf Al Qaradawi is founder and president of the International Association of Muslim Scholars (IAMS), which was officially launched on July 11, 2004, in London, and is now based in Dublin. The group describes itself as a "pan-Muslim body," working on "safeguarding the Muslim identity and bridging the gap between the peoples and their rulers in the Islamic countries." IAMS has issued several anti-Zionist fatwas. For example, in May 2004, Taskhiri said on Iranian TV: "We must support this [Palestinian] uprising as much as we can so it will realize its goals and cut off the treacherous Zionist hands and the American hands standing behind

Zionism and supporting it." He has also called the U.S. the "mother of international terrorism." In September 2004, Qaradawi led an IAMS delegation to Sudan to fact-find and help mediate between the government and rebel forces in Darfur. Following the tour of Darfur, the association's secretary general, Dr. Mohamed Saleem al-Awa, denied that genocide had taken place in the region. He also insisted that reports of widespread rapes and other atrocities were false, and alleged that Muslims in the region were being victimized by a Zionist conspiracy.

Qatar Foundation's Education City The Al-Qaradawi Centre for Research and Modern Thought, established in April 2009, is a "center for jurisprudence" under the aegis of Qatar Foundation's Faculty of Islamic Studies (QFIS), an Islamic university in Qatar's Education City. One of six research centers the QFIS planned to build on its campus, the Al-Qaradawi Centre's specific mission is to research "the challenges and complexities of the developments unfolding in contemporary societies and to propagate the message of the middle path as a tenet of Islam for which Qatar's most prominent Islamic scholar, Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi, has devoted all his life," according to the Qatar Foundation's publication. In an August 2009 interview with the Qatar Foundation shortly after the Al-Qaradawi Centre opened, Dr. Hatem El-Karanshawy, the Founding Dean of QFIS, said Qaradawi is "very well known for his moderate thinking and for his ability to face the challenges facing Muslims all over the world." Sheikh Qaradawi's affiliation with the university goes beyond being the namesake of its research center. Qaradawi reportedly participated in the commemoration ceremony for students on May 6, 2008, where he announced the Sheikh Al-Qaradawi Scholarship program. Five annual scholarships will be offered to students per year for a Master of Arts in Islamic Studies with a specialization in Contemporary Fiqh (Jurisprudence). Yusuf Al Qaradawi also shields the Qatar Foundation's other projects from controversy with support in religious terms. In October 2009, Qaradawi reportedly provided verbal support to a

stem cell storage bank that sought to operate within the Qatar Foundation's Science and Technology Park.

IslamOnline In 1999, Qaradawi founded the online media outlet IslamOnline in Qatar with support from the country's royal family. Qaradawi served as the site's chairman, heading a committee of scholars that oversaw its content. The site, published in both Arabic and English, enabled Qaradawi to reach the American public despite being banned from the country in 1999. The site often featured comments and religious rulings by Qaradawi or his European Council on Fatwa and Research. The site was dedicated to all facets of Islamic life, but it focused primarily on religious and political topics. It contained articles and religious rulings which supported violence against non-Muslims, as well as anti-Semitic, anti-Israel and anti-American content. In several news stories, Zionism was referred to as a "cancer," and numerous reports claimed that the close ties between the U.S. and Israel demonstrated their mutual desire to oppress Muslims. Several news stories were marked by conspiracy theories, including one entitled, "Israel Uses Chemical Weapons against Palestinians." Many of the fatwas posted on the site condoned violence. For instance, a July 2007 fatwat by Sheikh Faysal Mawlawi, deputy chairman of European Council for Fatwa and Research, read: "Martyr operations are not suicide and should not be deemed as unjustifiable means of endangering one's life." In March 2010, after more than a decade, a reorganization by Al-Balagh Cultural Society, the company that owns the site, resulted in an end to Qaradawi's affiliation with the site.

OnIslam After Yusuf Al Qaradawi's cut his ties with the Web site IslamOnline, some of the editorial staff also left and created a new online media outlet, called OnIslam. Although no explicit connection between Qaradawi and OnIslam has been reported, it appears that Qaradawi is engaged in the new initiative. The same week OnIslam launched in October 2010, the site

published an extensive interview it conducted with Qaradawi "on the occasion of the official launch." Much of the content from IslamOnline is available on OnIslam, including Qaradawi's own fatwas expressing support for "martyrdom operations," or suicide bombing against Israel. The site is structured in much the same way as IslamOnline, with sections on various religious and political topics. The site includes articles and religious rulings supporting violence against homosexuals, as well as anti-Semitic and anti-Israel content. On February 24, 2011, OnIslam launched a new section as part of its "special focus on the institution of the family" that is singularly dedicated condemning homosexuals, arguing against gay rights and providing Islamic fatwas that call for the "worldly punishment" of death for gays.

Muslim American Society The Muslim American Society (MAS), based in Falls Church, Virginia, claims to be "America's largest grassroots Muslim organization with over 50 chapters nationwide." The organization has ties to the Muslim Brotherhood, sponsored anti-Israel rallies in the U.S. and publishes anti-Semitic articles in its magazine, The American Muslims. Yusuf Al Qaradawi is chairman (in absentia) of the Michigan-based Islamic American University (IAU), a subsidiary of MAS, according to information on the MAS Web site. He is also listed by the IAU as a faculty member. The IAU vice-chairman, Jamal Badawi, and IAU's founder, Salah Sultan, are members of Qaradawi's International Association of Muslim Scholars and the European Council for Fatwa and Research. Both Badawi and Sultan attended a conference in July 2007 honoring Yusuf Al Qaradawi and his support for suicide bombing in Israel. In 2006 Sultan was a keynote speaker at a Hamas rally in Istanbul, according to Qaradawi's Web site IslamOnline. Another IAU board member, Abdul Lateef Arabiyat, is a leader of the Islamic Action Front, the Muslim Brotherhood's political wing in Jordan.

Islamic Society of Boston

ISB was formed in 1981 in an effort to help new Muslims in the Boston area preserve their Islamic identity, as stated by the society's Web site. Qaradawi was a member of the society's board of directors, according to its tax returns from 1998-2000. Qaradawi was reportedly also featured on ISB's Arabic-language brochure endorsing a new building project for which the Society was raising money. The brochure, which was published in 2003, states that Qaradawi is one of "several international Islamic personalities who are working to support the project." Qaradawi reportedly also appeared in a video that was shown at a November 2002 fundraiser for the ISB project in Boston. Nonetheless, the group has said that Qaradawi "has never played any role in the ISB." ISB's founder and first President was Abdurahman Alamoudi, a prominent Muslim-American community leader who pleaded guilty to accusations that he had illegal dealings with Libya and that he took part in a plot to assassinate Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah. He is currently serving a 23-year prison term. In 2005 the ISB filed a defamation lawsuit against 17 defendants -- journalists, scholars and activist groups who expressed concerns about the society's leaders. In May 2007, ISB agreed to drop the lawsuit, claiming victory because the deal also brought to an end a related lawsuit that threatened the construction of a mosque in Roxbury, Massachusetts.

Al Taqwa Bank This Bahamas-based financial institution, designated as terrorist financiers by the U.S. Department of Treasury in 2001, concealed terrorists' holdings, according to U.S. intelligence, including those of Al Qaeda. Qaradawi was one of the institution's largest shareholders, according to a 1999 shareholders list. He also served on the bank's Sharia Board, overseeing its adherence to Islamic law. In January 2007, the Egyptian government froze the assets of Yusuf Nada, the head of the Al Taqwa Bank, because of his involvement in the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamic extremist movement founded in Egypt that has spawned and inspired global terrorist groups, including the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas.

Union of Good Qaradawi serves as the president of the Union of Good (UG), a charity organization that was designated as a terrorist entity by the U.S. Department of Treasury on November 12, 2008. The UG, established in 2000 and based in Saudi Arabia, is an umbrella organization that represents over 50 Islamic charities worldwide. According to the U.S. Department of Treasury, Hamas leadership founded the UG shortly after the inception of the second Intifada with the purpose of facilitating the transfer of funds to Hamas. The UG is linked with various Hamas-affiliated organizations and has transferred tens of millions of dollars to Hamas directly. Hamas uses the money to support terrorism and the families of suicide bombers, according to court documents. Several of the primary charities under the UG umbrella are also designated as terrorist entities by the U.S. for providing support to Hamas and other terrorist organizations, including Australian based Al-Aqsa Foundation, the United Kingdom-based International Palestine Relief and Development Fund (Interpal), and the France-based Comite de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens (CBSP). Another organization under the UG umbrella, the Al-Salah Society, was designated in August 2007 after it was discovered that the now defunct charity employed members of Izzedine al-Qassam Brigades, Hamas's military wing, during the first Intifada. In 2002, Israel outlawed the UG because of its links to Hamas. Five years later, Israel indicted four officials in the A-Ram Charity Committee in Jerusalem for receiving money from the UG. These officials were charged with channeling money to Hamas. According to the indictment, 1 million New Israeli Shekels had been transferred from the UG to Hamas in 2007.

ACTIVITIES OVER LAST DECADE Yusuf Al Qaradawi has established a worldwide following through television appearances and by utilizing the Internet. He was relatively quick to take advantage of the Internet, launching a site in his name in 1997. The site includes several of his fatwas supporting terror. In 2006, Yusuf Al Qaradawi used his Web site to denounce a Danish newspaper's cartoon of the Prophet Muhammad and declared February 3, 2006, an "international day of rage." Yusuf Al Qaradawi hosts a weekly television show called "Syariah and Life" on the Arabiclanguage television news network, Al Jazeera, where he also expresses his support for terror. For example, during an April 2004 show, he credited Allah with providing Palestinians "human bombs," instead of the planes, missiles and weapons that Zionists have. In addition, his Friday sermons at the Umar bin al-Khattab mosque, a government-sponsored mosque in Doha, have been regularly broadcast live on Qatar television. In a 2005 sermon, while speaking about notable Hamas leaders killed by Israel, Qaradawi asserted, "Their fate was paradise. They died martyrs. They met the death that every Muslim wishes for himself, which is martyrdom in the cause of God." Yusuf Al Qaradawi is also influential through a wide network of affiliations. In the U.S., he is the chairman (in abstenia) of the Michigan-based Islamic American University (IAU), a subsidiary of the Muslim American Society (MAS), according to the MAS Web site. The university aims to provide Islamic higher education, especially to converts and non-practicing Muslims, according to the IAU Web site. Yusuf Al Qaradawi is also listed by the IAU as a faculty member. Prior to being banned from the U.S. in 1999, Qaradawi reportedly spoke to several Muslim organizations around the country. For example, Yusuf Al Qaradawi spoke at the nowdefunct Muslim Arab Youth Association (MAYA) conference in Toledo, Ohio, in 1995, where he stated, "If everyone who defends his land and dies defending his sacred symbols is considered a terrorist, then I wish to be at the forefront of the terrorists. And I pray to Allah if that is terrorism, then Allah make me live as a terrorist, die as a terrorist, and be raised up with the terrorists." Despite the ban, Yusuf Al Qaradawi 's message still reaches the American public via satellite television and the Internet, in particular IslamOnline, a Web site published in both Arabic and

English. The site contains articles and religious rulings which support violence against nonMuslims, as well as anti-Semitic, anti-Israel and anti-American content.

Recent Selected Books Yusuf Al Qaradawi has also written over 40 books, many of which have been published in different languages and disseminated throughout the world. In Qaradawi's Fiqh of Jihad, published in 2009, he chastises those Muslims who do not observe the obligatory duty of jihad, including violent jihad, and attempt to "cast a veil of oblivion on jihad and drop it from the life of the Ummah [the Muslim community]." In the introduction to the book, Yusuf Al Qaradawi writes, "Without jihad, the Ummah's boundaries will be violated, the blood of its people will be as cheap as dust, its sanctuaries will be less worthy than a handful of desert sand, and it will be insignificant in the eyes of its enemies." A significant portion of the work is dedicated to legitimizing suicide bombing, or "martyrdom operations," which Yusuf Al Qaradawi casts as a "defensive jihad against oppression." He encapsulates his view of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with anti-Semitic rhetoric, attesting that the "Zionist massacres of today" are a continuation of alleged Jewish calls to genocide in the Old Testament. In another of his books, Fatawa' Min Ajl Falastin [Fatwas for the Sake of Palestine], published in 2003, Yusuf Al Qaradawi provides a warning that Muslims should not befriend "Jews, in general, and Israelis, in particular" due to the current Palestinian-Israeli conflict. "Receiving enemies in our own countries and visiting them in the occupied lands," he writes, "would remove such a psychological barrier that keeps us away from them, and would bridge the gap that keeps the desire for Jihad against them kindled in the hearts of the Ummah."

REFERENCE Wikipedia, 2012. Yusuf al-Qaradawi, [online] Available at: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi> [Accessed 9 October 2012] Ana B. Soage, 2008. SHAYKH YUSUF AL-QARADAWI: PORTRAIT OF A LEADING ISLAMIST CLERIC, [online] Available at: <http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2008/issue1/jv12no1a5.asp> [Accessed 9 October 2012] Youthwavebd, 2009. Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi- The most influential Muslim pundit in the modern world, [online] Available at:< http://www.youthwavebd.com/dr-yusuf-alqaradawi/> [Accessed 13 October 2012] Muslim Judicial Council, 2012. Biography - Shaykh Al-Qaradawi, [online] Available at: <http://www.mjc.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=190:biogr aphy-shaykh-al-qaradawi&catid=51:the-world-of-islam&Itemid=75> [Accessed 13 October 2012] Ibrahim MA,2012. Biography Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, [online] Available at: <http://myarticle-article.blogspot.com/2012/09/biography-dr-yusuf-al-qaradawi.html> [Accessed 14 October 2012]