Course: Histology / Cell Biology Thread

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Topic: Epithelium

Question # 1 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which statement BEST describes tight junctions? The main function of the tight junction is for cell-to-cell communication The main function of the tight junction is for cell-to cell adhesion Tight junctions interact directly with the actin cytoskeleton The main function of the tight junction is to provide an occluding barrier to free movement of materials across an epithelium E. Tight junctions tether epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation D. The main function of the tight This is true, although the tight junction can also allow junction is to provide an paracellular movements of certains ions (magnesium, occluding barrier to free calcium) in certain tissues (such as kidney tubules) movement of materials across an epithelium Question problem? A. B. C. D.

Question # 2 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. The epithelial cell junctions that, respectively, 1) restrict the extracellular movement of molecules across an epithelium, 2) maintain tissue integrity and strength, and 3) allow the passage of small molecules between adjacent cells are: A. B. C. D. E. gap junctions, desmosomes, and tight junctions desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions tight junctions, gap junctions, tight junctions gap junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions

You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation E. tight junctions, desmosomes, gap Tight junctions restrict/regulate the movement of small junctions molecules across an epithelium. Desmosomes are adhesive junctions that help maintain tissue integrity and resist mechanical disruption. Gap junctions allow movement of small molecules directly from one cell to an adjacent one. Hence, the correct answer to this question is E. Question problem?

Question # 3 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which of the following is a major function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelia? A. Absorption B. Secretion C. Prevent dessication D. Transcytosis E. Filtration You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: C. Prevent dessication

Explanation While all stratified squamous epithelia are designed to resist abrasion, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is also specialized to prevent loss of fluid from the body (dessication). Hence, this is the correct answer.

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Question # 4 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. All of the following are features that can reflect the polarization of epithelial cells EXCEPT: A. Microvilli on the apical surface B. An abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C. Secretory vesicles in the apical end of the cell D. Cilia on the apical surface E. Basal location of the nucleus You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation B. An abundance of smooth The mere abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum (or any other organelle type) does not, in itself, set up a polarity in a cell. For that reason, this is not a source of polarity and hence is the correct answer for this EXCEPT question. However, the aymmetric localization of SER (or other organelles) within the cytoplasm of a cell would set up a polarity within the cell. Question problem?

Question # 5 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. All of the following are true statements about epithelia EXCEPT: A. Epithelia only exist as planar sheets that cover body surfaces B. A major function of certain epithelia is protection (eg: from dehydration or abrasion) C. Most epithelia sit on a basement membrane D. Epithelial cells can be squamous, cuboidal, or columnar E. Epithelia can contain one or multiple layers of cells You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation A. Epithelia only exist as planar This is an incorrect statement about epithelia and hence is sheets that cover body surfaces the correct answer for this EXCEPT question. Epithelia can be found within glands (secretory epithelium) organized as a sphere (acinus) rather than as a planar sheet. Question problem?

Question # 6 Select the single best answer to the numbered question.

Which of the following is a true statement about epithelia? A. All epithelial cells have microvilli B. All epithelial cells are post-mitotic C. All epithelia are avascular D. All epithelia contain mutliple cell layers E. All epithelial cells have a centrally placed nucleus You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation C. All epithelia are avascular Epithelia are avascular and depend on their underlying connective tissue (which are well vascularized) for oxygen and nutrients. In some cases, an epithelium may be able to derive some nutrients or oxygen from the contents of the lumen. Hence, this is the correct answer for this question. Question problem?

Question # 7 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Fluorescent-labeled antibodies to keratin would stain intermediate filaments in which of the following tissues? A. Epithelium B. Connective Tissue C. Bone D. Nervous tissue E. Muscle You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: A. Epithelium

Explanation Keratins are a class of intermediate filament proteins that are found only in epithelial cells. hence, an antibody to a keratin will only stain epithelial tissues. Hence, (A) is the correct answer to this question.

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Question # 8 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. The type of juction that provides the occluding (sealing) function to epithelia (restriction of passage of materials between cells) is the: A. adherens junction B. tight junction C. desmosome D. gap junction E. hemidesmosome You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: B. tight junction

Explanation The tight junction is the junction that helps restrict and regulate movement of molecules across an epithelium by providing a barrier between adjacent cells. Hence, this is the correct answer.

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Question # 9 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. A simple squamous epithelial cell would most likely be found A. in a duct B. in the basal most layer of the epidermis C. lining a blood vessel D. facing the lumen of the trachea E. facing the lumenal space in the gastrointestinal tract You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation C. lining a blood vessel Blood vessels are lined by a special category of simple squamous epithelium called endothelium. Hence, this is the correct answer. Question problem?

Question # 10 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. The epidermis is a A. simple squamous epithelium B. cuboidal epithelium C. stratified squamous epithelium D. pseudostratified epithelium E. transitional epithelium You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation C. stratified squamous epithelium The epidermis of the skin is an example of a stratified squamous epithelium. Hence, C is the correct answer to this question. Question problem?

Question # 11 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. In general, blood vessels are lined with A. simple squamous epithelium B. cuboidal epithelium C. stratified squamous epithelium D. pseudostratified epithelium E. transitional epithelium You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation A. simple squamous epithelium In general, blood vessels are lined by a simple, squamous epithelium which is called endothelium. There a few exceptions where the endothelial cells are not flattened, squamous cells and are characterized by round nuclei; the major exceptions are the sinusoids in the red pulp of the spleen and the high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes. Question problem?

Question # 12 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. A defect in which of the following junctions is likely to result in an epithelium that is no longer adherent to the basement membrane? A. desmosome B. hemidesmosome C. gap junction D. adherens junction E. tight junction You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: B. hemidesmosome

Explanation Hemidesmosomes are involved in adhesion of epithelial cells to extracellular matrix (the basal lamina of the basement membrane). Hence a defect in hemidesmosomes would be expected to result in the epithelium releasing from the underlying basement membrane. Hence, this is the correct answer.

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Question # 13 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. All of the following are true statements about epithelia EXCEPT A. Tissue volume is composed almost exclusively of cells. B. Secretory cells can be found in epithelia. C. Most epithelia are in contact with a basement membrane. D. Damaged cells can be replaced by cell division. E. Epithelia are vascularized. You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation E. Epithelia are vascularized. This is an incorrect statement about epithelia and hence the correct answer for this EXCEPT question.

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Question # 14 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. All of the following are characteristics of epithelia EXCEPT A. Tissue volume is composed almost exclusively of cells. B. Epithelia are both vascularized and innervated. C. Most epithelia are in contact with a basement membrane. D. Damaged cells can be replaced by cell division. E. They contain intermediate filaments composed of keratin. You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation B. Epithelia are both vascularized This is an incorrect statement about epithelia and hence and innervated. the correct answer for this EXCEPT question. Epithelia can be innervated but they are not vascularized. Question problem?

Question # 15 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which of the following statements about tight junctions is correct? A. They bind to proteins in the basal lamina. B. They are associated with cadherin molecules. C. They are a kind of synapse. D. They allow for intercellular communication. E. They maintain the distinct composition of plasma membrane domains. You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation E. They maintain the distinct This is a true statement about tight junctions and is the composition of plasma correct answer. membrane domains. Question problem?

Question # 16 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which type of cell junction would be adversely affected by a disorder resulting in functionally defective integrins? A. Desmosome B. Adherens junction C. Hemidesmosome D. Gap junction E. Tight junction You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: C. Hemidesmosome

Explanation Hemidesmosomes are associated with integrins and hence this is the correct answer.

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Question # 17 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which of the following features is most useful in distinguishing transitional from stratified squamous epithelium? A. number of cellular layers B. relative abundance of cilia C. staining intensity of cellular nuclei D. shape of cells at the apical surface of the epithelium E. shape of the cells that are closest to the basement membrane You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation D. shape of cells at the apical Stratified squamous epithelium exhibits very flattened, surface of the epithelium squamous cells at the apical surface of the epithelium. The characteristic feature of relaxed transitional epithelium is that the surface layer of cells are very round (referred to as dome cells). Hence, this is a feature that is useful for distinguishing between these two types of

epithelia and is the correct answer. Question problem?

Question # 18 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. The association of actin filaments (microfilaments or F-actin) with which of the following junctions gives mechanical stability to the apical end of columnar epithelial cells? A. tight junctions (zonulae occludentes) B. adherens junctions (zonula adherens) C. desmosomes (maculae adherens) D. gap junctions (nexuses) E. hemidesmosomes You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation B. adherens junctions (zonula Actin filaments are mechanically associated with the adherens) plasma membrane at the sites of adherens junctions, both in polarized epithelial cells (zonula adherens) and in other cell types (such as fascia adherens in striated muscle cells). The association of the actin filaments is thought to provide strength to this class of cell-cell junctions which function to hold cells together. Question problem?

Question # 19 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. The type of epithelium best adapted to resist mechanical shearing forces is A. B. C. D. E. simple squamous epithelium stratified squamous epithelium transitional epithelium pseudostratified epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium

You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: B. stratified squamous epithelium

Explanation Stratified squamous epithelium is the type of epithelium that is found is areas of the body that can experience significant abrasion (such as skin, esophagus and vagina). Hence, B is the correct answer.

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Question # 20 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which of the following cell suface specializations involves cadherin membrane proteins and intermediate filaments? A. desmosomes B. hemidesmosomes C. focal contacts (focal adhesions) D. tight junctions E. zonula adherens You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation A. desmosomes Desmosomes are cell-cell adhesion junctions that involve cadherin proteins in the plasma membrane and anchoring of the junction by intermediate filaments. Hence, this is the correct answer. Question problem?

Question # 21 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Several contiguous epithelial cells are labeled by injection of a small molecular weight fluorescent dye into the cytoplasm; this dye can not cross the rhe lipid bilayer of membranes. One cell is experimentally bleached with laser light to destroy the dye, but it soon recovers its fluorescence. This recovery is best explained by the function of which of the following structures.

A. a basal lamina B. desmosomes C. tight junctions D. gap junctions E. mitochondria You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: D. gap junctions

Explanation Small molecules, like dye molecules, can pass between adjacent epithelial cells that have gap junctions between them. Hence, D is the correct answer.

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Question # 22 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Assume that you have a generalized inhibitor of membrane fusion. This inhibitor would be most likely to interfere with the function of A. intercalated disks B. gap junctions C. tight junctions D. neuromuscular junctions E. focal adhesions You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: D. neuromuscular junctions Question problem?

Explanation No explanation provided.

Question # 23 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Besides the plasma membranes of its cells, which one of the following features of columnar epithelium is primarily responsible for its function as a permeability barrier? A. terminal web

B. tight junction (zonula occludens) C. adherens junction D. desmosomes (macula adherens) E. basal lamina You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation B. tight junction (zonula occludens) Tight junctions serve as permeability barriers that regulate the extent of permeability of epithelia. Hence, this is the correct answer for this question. Question problem?

Question # 24 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which of the following epithelia is employed at surfaces where interactions occur between abdominal viscera A. Mesothelium B. Simple columnar epithelium C. Pseudostratified epithelium D. Transitional epithelium E. Endothelium You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation A. Mesothelium Mesothelium is the name given to the simple squamous epithelium that covers the serosal surface of abdominal organs. It helps to ensure that visceral organs slide smoothly past one another and do not adhere to one another. Hence, A is the correct answer. Question problem?

Question # 25 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. All of the following statements about microvilli are correct EXCEPT:

A. Their motility helps to move substances across epithelial surfaces. B. They project from the apical surface of some types of epithelial cells. C. They are filled with actin filaments. D. They increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine. E. Stereocilia are long microvilli. You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation Question problem?

Question # 26 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which of the following types of epithelia functions to resist abrasion? A. Simple squamous epithelium B. Stratified cuboidal epithelium C. Stratified squamous epithelium D. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium E. Transitional epithelium You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation C. Stratified squamous epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium is the type of epithelium that has evolved in order to provide resistance to abrasion. Hence, (C) is the correct answer. Stratified squamous epithelium is found on the outside surface of the human body and it lines the luminal surfaces of the esophagous and the vagina. These are all sites that can experience significant abrasive forces. Because of its design, the cells of stratified squamous epithelium can not generally function for absorption or secretion. Question problem?

Question # 27 Select the single best answer to the numbered question.

Name the types of epithelium found on the luminal surfaces of the esophagus, small intestine and bladder, respectively: A. simple squamous, stratified columnar and stratified cuboidal B. simple columnar, stratified cuboidal and transitional C. transitional, simple columnar and simple squamous D. stratified squamous, simple columnar and transitional E. stratified squamous, transitional and pseudostratified columnar You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation D. stratified squamous, simple No explanation provided. columnar and transitional Question problem?

Question # 28 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Name the types of epithelium found on the luminal surfaces of the esophagus, kidney proximal tubules and the bladder, respectively. A. simple squamous, stratified columnar and stratified cuboidal B. stratified columnar, stratified cuboidal and transitional C. stratified squamous, simple cuboidal and transitional D. transitional, stratified columnar and simple squamous E. stratified squamous, transitional and pseudostratified columnar You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation C. stratified squamous, simple No explanation provided. cuboidal and transitional Question problem?

Question # 29 Select the single best answer to the numbered question.

Which of the following classes of junctions would be adversely affected in a disease that reduced integrin gene expression in an epithelium? A. Tight junctions B. Gap junctions C. Hemidesmosomes D. Desmosomes E. Adherens junctions You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: C. Hemidesmosomes Question problem?

Explanation No explanation provided.

Question # 30 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which of the following statements about desmosomes is true? A. They are the portion of the junctional complex that is closest to the lumen B. They encircle the entire cell forming an adhesion belt C. They function as a diffusion barrier D. They are associated with intermediate filaments E. Connexin membrane proteins contribute to their structure You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation D. They are associated with No explanation provided. intermediate filaments Question problem?

Question # 31 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which of the following statements about tight junctions is correct? A. They function as a permeability barrier.

B. They function in intercellular communication C. They anchor cells to the basal lamina D. They associate with intermediate filaments E. They give strength to the epidermis of the skin so that it can resist abrasion You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation A. They function as a permeability No explanation provided. barrier. Question problem?

Question # 32 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. Which of the following characteristics do epithelium and hyaline cartilage have in common? A. Both tissues are almost entirely cellular. B. Both tissues are avascular. C. Both tissues are in contact with a basement membrane. D. Both tissues have a similar amount of extracellular matrix E. Both tissues make extensive use of cell-cell junctions. You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation B. Both tissues are avascular. This is a true statement. All epithelia lack a blood supply and receive nutrients and excahnge gases via the capillaries in the underlying connective tissues. Unlike most connective tissues (which are highly vascularized), cartilage lacks any blood supply. Hence this is the correct answer. Question problem?

Question # 33 Select the single best answer to the numbered question. All of the following statements are true of exocrine glandular tissues EXCEPT

A. The secretory cells are epithelial cells B. Secretory products are released into a lumen C. They can give rise to adenocarcinomas D. Secretory products have to cross the basal lamina E. They are associated with a duct system You did not answer this question. The correct answer is: Explanation D. Secretory products have to cross No explanation provided. the basal lamina Question problem?

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