Unit 5. Feudal Europe

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 5: FEUDAL EUROPE
UNIT 5: FEUDAL EUROPE

OUTLINE
1 - FEUDALISM DEFINITION FUNDAMENTALS: LOYALTY AND OBLIGATIONS ACTIVITIES 2 - ELEMENTS OF THE FIEF OR MANOR DEFINITION PARTS OF THE FIEF PARTS OF A CASTLE ACTIVITY 3 - MEDIEVAL SOCIETY GROUPS OF MEDIEVAL SOCIETY: NOBLES, CLERGY, WORKERS ACTIVITY 4 - CRUSADES DEFINITION CONSEQUENSES ACTIVITIES 5 - MONASTERIES, LIFE OF MEDIEVAL MONKS AND THEIR CULTURAL LIFE WHAT ARE MONASTERIES? THE MAIN PARTS OF A MONASTERY ACTIVITY LIFE AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE MONKS ACTIVITY 6 - ROMANESQUE ART DEFINITION ARCHITECTURE: ELEMENTS SCULPTURE PAINTING ACTIVITY 7 - VOCABULARY
ASPECTOS LINGSTICOS EL GRADO EN EL ADJETIVO. ADJETIVOS COMPARATIVOS. EL SUPERLATIVO. LOS ADJETIVOS IRREGULARES. SUBORDINADAS DE RAZN.
VOCABULARY TO APPROVE CASTLE CHURH CLERGY CRUSADES DOME DUTY FEUDALISM FIEF OR MANOR HOLY LAND KNIGHTS LANDOWNING NOBLES LOYALTY MONASTERIES MONKS POVERTY TO PRAY ROMANESQUE SERFS VASSALS VAULTS
/ / PHONETICS / /e / / /a / /a / /e / / / /
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1 FEUDALISM Feudalism developed in Europe in the Middle Ages. It was a system based on landowning, loyalty and the power of armored knights on horseback. Kings in medieval Europe began to give land to the nobles as a payment for their military services. Landowning nobles became more and more powerful, they collected taxes and made laws in their land. Peasants living there would look to the nobles for protection instead of the king. Peasants and knights worked for the nobles (farming the land or fighting) in return for protection. Feudalism was based on loyalty. Nobles were both lords and vassals. A vassal is a noble who served a lord of higher rank. In return, the lord protected the vassal. Lords had knights who fought for them in return for land. The land given to a lord or knight was called fief or manor. The lord of the manor ruled the territory; he acted as a judge and collected taxes. Peasants worked the land for him. Some peasants were freemen and had rights. Most of them were serfs who could not leave the manor, own property or marry without the lords approval. Lords had the duty to protect their serfs. Activities: - Answer these questions: When and where did feudalism develop? What was feudalism based on? What did landowning nobles do on their lands? Who were vassals during Feudalism? What was a manor or fief? - Fill this table correctly.
His / Their obligations to the King were: His / Their obligations to Landowning nobles were: His / Their obligations to knights were: His / There obligations to peasants were:
KING
LANDOWNING NOBLES
KNIGHTS
PEASANTS
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2 ELEMENTS OF THE FIEF OR MANOR On a manors territory there was a church, lords house or castle and the farmland where the people worked. As manors were normally isolated, the villagers had to produce all they needed; life on the fief was self-sufficient. Very few people traveled far from their own villages. Parts of the fief: - Fields and pastures, where serfs and peasants grew crops and animals grazed. - Woods, where serfs and peasants obtained firewood and the lord hunted. - Castle, where the lord lived. They were usually located at the centre of the manor and on the top of a hill, in order to see attackers easily. First they were built of wood, and later of stone. Castles were surrounded by thick walls. Inside, there were many buildings. Castles were cold and had little light. Parts of a castle: o Moat: deep ditch filled with water that surrounded the castles walls. A drawbridge crossed it. o Barbican: tower that protected the gate of the castle. o Drawbridge, which could be raised or lowered. o Curtain walls: Curtain walls were defensive walls enclosing a bailey. o Bailey: a bailey, also called a ward, was a fortified enclosure. o Keep: building for storing food, wine and grain. o Barracks: houses for knights and their families. o Stables: to keep horses. o Great Hall, where lords ate and servants slept. The main furniture was large tables and benches. o Chapel: a small church. o Dungeons, or underground prisons. o School. - Serfs houses: usually wooden cottages with straw roofs and with little furniture. These houses could have one single room or two rooms: one for cooking and eating and the other for sleeping. - There were some small villages inside the fiefs too. They were a concentration of serfs houses, and could have a church.
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Activity: - Write the names of parts of this fief with their corresponding numbers. 1: .. 2: .. 3: .. 4: .. 5: .. 6: ... 1 2 2 2 2 3 5 2 1 6 2 2 2 3 5 2 1 4 3 1 1 3
3 MEDIEVAL SOCIETY Society was divided into three closed groups: nobles, clergy and workers (freemen and serfs). o Nobles owned and ruled the land. They had to defend the population. Some of them were very rich and their fiefs were large, others had only their horse and weapons. o Clergy or people related to the Church. There were two groups: - Secular clergy: bishops and priests. - Regular clergy: abbots, monks and nuns. They lived in monasteries and belonged to a religious order. o Workers: peasants and craftsmen. Peasants were divided into: - Freemen: skilled workers who paid rent for the land and could leave the manor whenever they wished. - Serfs: workers bound to the land of the noble. They had no freedom. Cristbal Marn
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Activity: - Write, in their corresponding boxes, the name of closed groups that appear in this social pyramid. In the groups where there are divisions, write the names of these divisions or the name of their subgroups. Write the name of each person with its corresponding number. If you dont know the name of any character, look for it in a dictionary.
1
1:
GROUP: GROUP: DIVIDED IN: 2 5
2: 3: 4:
GROUP: SUBGROUP: 3
5: 6:
6 GROUP: SUBGROUP:
7: 8:
7 8 8
9: 10: 11:
10
11 9
4 CRUSADES The Crusades were a series of religious military campaigns fought from 1095 to 1291 by most of Christian Europe against the Muslims in the Middle East who had occupied the Holy Land. The Crusades affected Europe in two ways: 1) they increased trade between the East and West, and 2) they helped the kings regain power. Nobles and knights who fought in the Holy War sold their land and freed their serfs; this helped the kings build stronger central governments. Cristbal Marn
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Activities: - Look for information about the crusades and answer these questions: How many crusades were there? What was the name of the priest that provoked the Peoples Crusade? What was the name of the main king of the 3rd crusade? What was the name of the Egyptian sultan of the 3rd crusade? What was the Childrens crusade and when did it happen? - Using the map above, make a time line and place the different crusades in their correct places.
1 0 8 0 DC
1 1 0 0 DC
1 1 2 0 DC
1 1 4 0 DC
1 1 6 0 DC
1 1 8 0 DC
1 2 0 0 DC
1 2 2 0 DC
1 2 4 0 DCC
1 2 6 0 DC
1 2 8 0 DC
1 3 0 0 DC
5 MONASTERIES, LIFE OF MEDIEVAL MONKS AND THEIR CULTURAL LIFE Monasteries played an important role in medieval Europe. Some of them even became important economic and decision centers. They preserved and passed knowledge. Among the buildings of a monastery there could be schools, hospitals and rooms for travelers. The main parts of a monastery were: o Church: dominant element, where the monks prayed. o Portes lodge: where monks watched the entrance. o Chapter house: where monks held assemblies and read chapters of their religious rule. o Cloister: open space surrounded by a corridor where monks walked and talked. o Dormitories: where monks slept, usually in beds lined along the walls. o Refectory: where monks ate. o Abbots house: where the abbot (monk in charge) lived. Usually luxurious and well decorated. o Guest rooms, for travelers, princes and bishops. o Infirmary and pharmacy: for taking care of the sick and producing medicines. o Barns and warehouses: where cereal grains and food were kept. o Kitchens: where monks cooked the meals. o Cemetery: where monks were buried. o Lands: cultivated directly by the monks or by local people. The monks got their food from here. o Stables: where animals were kept. Cristbal Marn
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Many monasteries had SCRIPTORIA, or writing rooms, where monks made hand copies and beautifully illustrated copies of important and rare books and essays that were kept in the library. Monasteries came to be very powerful and rich; they owned land, over which they ruled, and the abbots had political influence. Activity: - Using the image below, fill the boxes of the plan of the medieval monastery (on the right).
Medieval Monastery
Image from: http://www.astromeditions.com/images/91-7916-024-7B.jpg
Monks had three main vows: Vow of poverty Vow of chastity Vow of obedience
They chose to renounce worldly life and to live in the discipline of a monastery. Their daily life was dedicated to worship, reading and working the land. They spent several hours reading the Bible and meditating. Some of their activities were: washing, cooking, farming the land, making wine, ale or honey, taking care of sick people, teaching or copying manuscripts. Activity: - If possibile, see the film <<The secret of Kells>>, which is about a group of monks making an illustrated book (the Book of Kells) in a monastery in medieval Ireland. Cristbal Marn
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7 ROMANESQUE ART This is the style of art that spread around Europe starting in the 11th century. the most ARCHITECTURE: representative buildings are churches, monasteries and castles. Romanesque buildings looked solid and compact. They were made of stone, with thick walls and small windows. Other elements were: o Barrel vaults and domes. o Rounded arches. o Big columns and pillars. o Buttresses on the outside of the walls. o Bell towers. o Shape of a Latin cross (in the churches) ending with an apse. SCULPTURE: it had religious and educational purposes. Most people couldnt read, so these images taught them about religious facts. Some main themes in sculpture were the Virgin and Child and Christ on the cross. PAINTING: it also had an educational function. It was used to decorate the inside of the churches. It was schematic and inexpressive, plain colours were used. Miniatures were used to illustrate Bibles and manuscripts. Activity: - Write the name of these elements from the Romanesque church in their corresponding boxes above the photos.
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Seor feudal: http://www.mystudios.com/artgallery/paintings/131001-131500/131160/size1.jpg Contrato feudal 2: http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/283809-267-39.jpg Feudo 1: http://www.omerique.net/~matd/edadmedia/aem/imagenes1/feudo1.jpg Partes de un castillo 1: http://img2.timeinc.net/toh/i/fp/0608-sandbox/sandbox-castle-01.jpg Partes de un castillo 2: http://gmatt1508.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/kidcastle1.jpg Sociedad Medieval 1: http://centuryschoolmrmccannsclass.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/medievalsociety1.jpg Sociedad Medieval 2: http://apuntesdehistoria.blog.com/files/2010/07/socedad-estamentaria1.jpg Cruzada 1: http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/Crusades_Map.gif Cruzada 2: http://www.toonpool.com/user/589/files/the_crusades_240655.jpg Cruzada 3: http://www.islamproject.org/images/crusades_final.jpg Cruzada 4: http://www.liceus.com/cgi-bin/ac/pu/cruzadasportada.jpg Monasterio 1: http://html.rincondelvago.com/000149500.png Monasterio 2: http://www.phpwebquest.org/wq25/user_image/muhfji192791.jpg Monasterio 3: http://www.kalipedia.com/kalipediamedia/historia/media/200707/12/hisespana/20070712klphishes_3.Ges.S CO.png Monasterio 4: http://www.ricksteves.com/tms/uploads/img/425a_BookOfKells_ETBD.jpg Iglesia romnica 1: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Y_VW1n5Z54A/SwR2UEX9Bveda de can: http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/61000/61058/61058_barrel_vault_lg.gif Arco de medio punto: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_uhaRWb2Ou8w/Rm6MXVxaFI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/Jx5bFKsAogY/s200/Arco%2Bde%2Bmedio%2Bpunto.bmp
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7 - VOCABULARY English
A Abbot sust. Ale sust. Among prep. Approval sust. Apse sust. B Bailey sust. Barn sust. Barbicans sust. Barracks sust. Barrel vaults sust. y sust. Bell tower sust. Bishop sust. Butresses sust. to Bury verb.. C Campaigns sust. Castle sust. Cemetery sust. Chapel sust. Chastity sust. Church sust. Clergy sust. Cloister sust. Closed groups adj. y sust. Cottages sust. Crusades sust. Curtain sust. D to Defeat verb. Ditch sust. Dome sust. Drawbridge sust. Dungeons sust. Duty sust. E Essays sust.
F /'b t/ /e l/ / 'm / / 'pru:v l/ /ps/ / b-l/ /b :n/ / br-bi-k ns/ / ba-r ks/ /'br l/ /v :lts/ /bel/ /'ta /'b p/ / b -tr sis/ /'beri/ /km'pe ns/ /'ks l/ /'sem teri/ /'sem tri/ /'t p l/ /'t st ti/ /t :rt / /'kl :rd i/ /'kl st r/ /kl zd/ /gru:ps / /'k :t d s/ /kru:'se ds/ /'k :rtns/ /d 'fi:t/ /d t / /d m/ ns/ /dr :br d / /'d nd /'dju:ti/ /'ese s/ /'fju:d z m/ r/
Pronunciation
Abad Cerveza Entre Aprovacin bside
Spanish
Patio o plaza de armas Granero Barbacanas Barracones Bvedas de Can Campanario Obispo Contrafuertes Enterrar Campaas Castillo Cementerio Capilla Castidad Iglesia Clero Claustro Grupos cerrados Casas pequea o cabaas Cruzadas Cortina Derrotar Zanja o dique Cpula Puente levadizo Mazmorras Deber Ensayos Feudalismo Feudo
rs/
Feudalism sust. Fief sust. Fortified enclosures adj y sust. Furniture sust.
G
/fi:f/
/'f :rt fa d/ / n'kl /'f :rn t r/ /gre z/ /gest/
Recintos fortificados Muebles o mobiliario Pastar o pacer Husped, invitado, alojado, cliente
to graze verb. Guest sust.
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H Holy Land adj. y sust. Honey sust. I Instead of prep. K Knights sust. L Landowning nobles adj. y sust. Lords sust. Lower adj. Loyalty sust. Luxurious adj. M Manor sust. Manuscripts Moat sust. Monasteries sust. Monks sust. N Nun sust. P Pillars sust. Plain adj. Poverty sust. to Pray verb. Priest sust. Purpose sust. R to Renounce verb. Romanesque sust. y adj. Rounded arches adj. y sust. S Serfs sust. Sick adj. Single room adj. y sust. Stable sust. Storing food adj. and sust. Straw roofs sust. y sust. Surrounded adj. T Taught verbo (pasado y participio) Thick adj. Travelers sust. V Vassals sust. W Warehouse sust. Worldly adj.
/'h
li/ /lnd/
/'h ni/ / n'sted/ / :v/ /na ts/ /'lnd /l :rds/ /'l /'l /l g' rs/ lti/ ri s/ n / /'n b ls/
Tierra Santa Miel En vez de o en lugar de Caballeros Nobles terratenientes Seores Inferior / inferiores Lealtad Lujoso-a / lujosos-as Feudo o heredad Manuscritos Foso Monasterios Monjes Monja Pilares Plano / planos Pobreza Rezar Sacerdote Propsito o intencin Renunciar Romnico Arcos de medio punto Siervos-as Enfermos-as Habitacin simple Establo Comida almacenada Tejados de paja Rodeado Ensear (pasado y participio) Grueso-a, muy ancho-a Viajantes, viajeros-as Vasallos Almacn Mundanal o mundano-a
/'mn r/ /'mnj skr pts/ /m t/ /'m :n steri:s/ /m ks/ /n n/ /'p l rs/ /ple n/ /'p :v rti/ /pre / /pri:st/ /'p :rp s/ /r 'na ns/ /r m 'nesk/ /'ra nd d/ /s :rfs/ /s k/ /'s g l/ /ru:m/ /'ste b l/ /st :r / /fu:d/ /str :/ /ru:fs/ /s 'ra nd d/ /t :t/ / k/ /'trvl rs/ /'vs l/ /'werha s/ /'w :rldli/
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Unit 5. Feudal Europe

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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 5: FEUDAL EUROPE