Fluid Mechanics Assignment

From the energy equation,

(P1 and P2 are of the same atmospheric pressure, which is zero and V1 and V2 are approximately zero)

So,

In this assignment, we are required to calculate the range of the size of the impeller which should meet the following criteria: a) The pump should rotate at a rate no slower than 600rev/min b) The pump should deliver no less than 6.30910-5 m3/s of water c) The pump should be a low-cost one From the assumption given, the cost of the pump is linearly proportional to the power input required. The lower the input power, the cheaper the pump.

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Fluid Mechanics Assignment The efficiency, is related to the power as follows:

From this relation, we can say that the efficiency is inversely proportional to the power input. Thus, to design a low cost pump, the power should be lower and the efficiency should be a maximum value. The efficiency is given as,

From this relation, we can come up with a graph as shown below:

Efficiency vs Range of Validity

0.8 0.7 0.6 Efficiency, 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 Range of Validity, 0.02 0.025 0.03

Graph 1: Efficiency versus Range of Validity

At the peak, the coordinate is (0.016, 0.745216). Which means, is maximum ( = 0.745216) when = 0.016 From this, we can further find head, 6.04 - 161 using the value of = 0.016

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Fluid Mechanics Assignment Using the equation below, we can use the minimum value of n = 600rev/min = 20 rad/s to get a value for Dp.

From another condition given, the pump should deliver no less than 6.30910-5 m3/s of water, so, Q 6.30910-5 m3/s. The equation relating Q and Dp is:

From the earlier equation,

So, by equating both the equations, we can get another value for Dp:

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Fluid Mechanics Assignment

From these two values of Dp, we can determine the range of the diameter of the impeller:

Impeller Diameter, Dp vs Shaft Rotation, n

0.16 0.14 Impeller Diameter, Dp 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Shaft Rotation, n

The highest point is (62.8, 0.1479)

(451.0, 0.0206)

Graph 2: Impeller Diameter versus Shaft Rotation

From Graph 2, we can see that when the diameter of the impeller is 0.1479m, the shaft rotation is 62.8 rad/s (approximately 20 rad/s). The graph also shows that, as the diameter decreases, there is an increment in the shaft rotation (starts at 20 rad/s) and this satisfies one of the three criteria needed. Furthermore, the cost of the pump will also be low because as the diameter of the impeller gets smaller, the cost to produce it will be lower. In order to fulfil this requirement, the rotation of the shaft can be increased up to the limitation given.

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Fluid Mechanics Assignment

Impeller Diameter vs Flow Rate

0.16 0.14

(0.0033, 0.1479)

Impleller Diameter, Dp

0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0

(6.308 10-5,0.0206)
0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035

Flow Rate, Q

Graph 3: Impeller Diameter versus Flow Rate

From Graph 3, we can get a clearer picture of the relationship between the flow rate and the impeller diameter. As the flow rate increases, the diameter of the impeller also increases. This indicates that flow rate will be more than 6.30910-5 m3/s when the diameter is more than 0.0206m. However, the limitation for the diameter of the impeller is 0.1479m because after this point, it would not satisfy the condition of the shaft rotation rate, which should not be lesser than 20 rad/s. As a concluding point, to meet all the criteria given, the best range of the impeller diameter is

In this assignment, the following assumptions are made: a) The system has a steady flow (the flow is not time-averaged). b) The water is incompressible. c) There is no heat transfer in the system. d) The water has a laminar flow. e) The density of the water is 1000kg/m3. f) The pressure at the surface of water is atmospheric pressure, thus the pressure is zero.

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