I.

INTRODUCTION

Globe Telecom (PSE: GLO), commonly known as Globe, is a telecommunications company in the Philippines. Globe provides mobile, fixed line, and broadband Internet services. As of March 2012, Globe Telecom has a total of 12,714 base stations and 7,060 cell sites nationwide to support its 2G, 3G, 4G and WiMAX services. In 1928, Congress passed Act No. 3495 granting the Robert Dollar Company, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of California, a franchise to operate wireless long distance message services in the Philippines. The Robert Dollar Company subsequently incorporated in the Philippines as Globe Wireless Limited and in 1934, Congress passed Act No. 4150 transferring the franchise and privileges of the Robert Dollar Company to Globe Wireless Limited. Globe Wireless Limited was subsequently renamed Globe Mackay Cable and Radio Corporation. Congress, through Republic Act 4630 enacted in 1965, further expanded its franchise to allow it to operate international communications systems. Globe Mackay Cable and Radio Corporation was closed in the Philippines by Martial law. Shortly before the expiration of its franchise, the Batasan Pambansa in 1980 enacted Batas Pambansa 95 granting Globe Mackay Cable and Radio Corporation a new franchise. On June 15, 1990, Isla Communications Co., Inc. (Islacom) was incorporated. Through Republic Act 7372, Islacom was authorized to develop a full-service telecommunications network in the country. In 1994, Islacom launched the country's first digital mobile communication service using GSM technology. On February 22, 2000, Globe, Islacom and its principal shareholders Ayala Corporation, Singapore Telecom, Asiacom Philippines and Deutsche Telekom entered into a general agreement for a combination of their business and operations. On June 27, 2001, Globe completed the share swap transaction with Islacom, which effectively made Islacom a 100%-owned subsidiary of Globe. Globe announced the operational integration of Globe and Islacom's wireless networks. A key element of the integration involves the migration of existing wireless subscribers of Islacom to the Touch Mobile (TM) service. On August 7, 2003, the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) approved the legal transfer of Globe's wireline business, authorizations, properties, assets and obligations to Islacom. Also, the SEC approved the change in name of Islacom to Innove Communications, Inc. (Innove). On March 30, 2007, Globe Telecom, through its president and chief executive Gerardo Ablaza Jr. said it is diversifying from its core business to take advantage of the booming broadband business. Ablaza said the company would increase its investments in cable systems and wire lines to build its broadband Internet infrastructure. Industry analysts have viewed Globe's plan to invest in cable systems as a strategy

to compete more aggressively with Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT), which took advantage of its wire line infrastructure to diversify into broadband business.

NEC PASOLINK NEO

PASOLINK NEO offers a wide range of capacities, frequency bands, modulation levels and interfaces with a single common IDU, simply by changing the interface card without having to replace the main IDU or ODU radio equipment. The PASOLINK NEO system meets the increasing demand for digital transmission services and will satisfy the needs for mobile and fixed network access links, private links, New Generation Networks, temporary networks or emergency links. Its innovative, intelligent design provides scalable solutions with optimal investment value for reduced CAPEX and OPEX. The PASOLINK NEO system meets the increasing demand for digital transmission services and satisfies the needs for mobile and fixed network access links, private links, new generation networks, temporary networks, and emergency links. Its innovative, intelligent design provides scalable solutions with optimal investment value for CAPEX and OPEX reduction.

II. DISCUSSION Microwave communication Defined as the transmission of signals by sending microwaves, either directly or via a satellite. The receivers for microwave signals are usually disc-shaped antennas a few yards across, and are often seen installed in business locations or near private homes. Microwave communication takes place both analog and digital formats. While digital is the most advanced form of microwave communication, both analog and digital methods pose certain benefits for users. Transmitter The main components of a microwave transmitter are a microwave power source, a modulator, and, if necessary, a power amplifier. The modulation can be done directly at microwave frequencies or it can be performed at intermediate frequency and shifted to the microwave frequency in an up-converter, which is very much like a down-converter.

Passive Repeater A passive radio link deflection, or passive repeater is a plant for the implementation of a microwave link, in which because of an obstacle in the signal path no direct line of sight microwave link is possible. It has the advantage over the installation of a microwave radio relay station with active components, that at the place of the installation no electricity supply is required and that no further frequencies are needed (at repeater stations with active components usually different frequencies for reception and transmission are used, in order to prevent feedbacks). The corresponding disadvantage is that the returned signal is significantly weaker. Active Repeater Receiving and transmitting radio device installed at intermediate points in radio communications links, designed to amplify received signals and then retransmit them farther along the link. The intermediate point may be mobile, as a communications satellite, or stationary, as a relay tower. An active repeater consists of an antenna or several antennas, a radio receiver, a radio transmitter, equipment for remote control of repeater operation, and a power supply. The active repeater usually uses solid-state devices; vacuum tubes are used less frequently. The output stages of the radio transmitter usually incorporate traveling-wave tubes. In contrast to a passive repeater, an active repeater is capable of providing service only to a limited number of links in a communications network. In order to eliminate mutual interference during simultaneous reception and transmission of radio signals, active repeaters use frequency-division, timedivision, and coded squelch. Mutual interference is also eliminated by maintaining the signal level within predetermined limits and by protecting the transmitter against overloads (the total power of all transmitted signals must not exceed the permissible loading of the transmitter). Active repeaters often have standby equipment that can be switched in automatically.

Receiver

The first active element in nearly all microwave receivers is a silicon diode operated as a downconverter. In this type of receiver, a strong, continuous-wave local oscillator signal is used to pump the diode over its nonlinear resistance range. In this manner, the local oscillator and the input signal are mixed, shifting the input signal down to an intermediate frequency, which is the difference between the frequencies of the local oscillator signal and the received signal. Intermediate frequencies of a few tens of megahertz are common. Frequency, phase, or amplitude modulation on the received signal appears in the detector output at the intermediate frequency. A band pass intermediate-frequency amplifier, providing most of the gain of the receiver, follows the detector, after which a demodulator converts the modulation on the intermediate-frequency signal to usable form, for example, an audio or a television signal. See also Radio receiver.

III. ADVANTAGES OF MICROWAVE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

Able to Transmit Large Quantities of Data

According to "Microwave Communication," microwave radio systems have the capacity to broadcast great quantities of information because of their higher frequencies. They use repeaters (a device that receives the transmitting signal through one antenna, converts it into an electrical signal and retransmits it) to transmit large volumes of data over great distances. Microwave radio communication systems propagate signals through the earth's atmosphere. These signals are sent between transmitters and receivers that lie on top of towers. This allows microwave radio systems to transmit thousands of data channels between two points without relying on a physical transmitting medium (optical fibers or metallic cables).

Relatively Low Costs

Microwave communication systems have relatively low construction costs compared with other forms of data transmission, such as wire-line technologies. A microwave communication system does not require physical cables or expensive attenuation equipment (devices that maintain signal strength during transmission). Mountains, hills and rooftops provide inexpensive and accessible bases for microwave transmission towers.

IV. APPLICATION

Cellular Cellular carriers often face aggressive schedules to provide service for customers and to generate immediate revenue. In order to turn up their networks, cellular carriers need to connect their cell sites to switching stations. To make this connection, they usually choose microwave, because it is reliable and can be commissioned within a day. Local Distribution

Many businesses use microwave in their private networks because it's the fastest way for them to install digital communications. Microwave offers businesses a low cost, high security alternative to traditional communications systems. Control & Monitoring Public transport organizations, railroads and other public utilities are major users of microwave. These companies use microwave to carry control and monitoring information to and from power substations, pumping stations, and switching station. Long Distance Carrier Connections A significant part of the cost of a long distance telephone call is in the local connection to a long distance carrier. Microwave radio links the end user to the long distance carrier, reducing the cost of this connection. In areas where long distance service is available but there are no local lines, microwave can provide the "last mile" connection. Disaster Recover Natural disasters can wreak havoc on a telephone network. Microwave is often used to restore communications while transmission equipment damaged by earthquakes, floods, hurricanes or other natural disasters is being repaired. Future Market New markets and applications continue to emerge for wireless communications. Future wireless communications markets w ill include rapid growth of PCS/PCN (Personal Communications Networks) and ESMR (Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio) networks, as well as higher bandwidth applications that support video and data in large local area and wide area networks. Other potential applications include the use of microwave as the "last mile" connection into rural communities. The future may also bring the convergence of telecommunications, computers, and other markets, to satisfy user demands for rapid, interactive exchange of information.

V. FREQUENCY, DISTANCE AND EQUIPMENT

Tower Locations

San Carlos City Globe Telecom Cell Site

Coordinates: 1557'43"N 12020'53"E

Calasiao Globe Telecom Cell Site

Coordinates: 16013265 N, 120358716 E

Radio Equipment

Flexible configuration (1+0, 1+1 HS/SD/FD) Easy changeable and upgradable as per your needs Technical Merits

Design Concept

Common platform design (plug-in system modules for a single common IDU) Key Specifications

Nodal radio solution: Digital cross connect (DXC) improves network connectivity at the nodal station

High system gain Compact design: 1+0, 1+1 and Repeater configuration in 1U IDU Automatic Protection Switch (APS) for STM-1 Cross Polarized operation for 2xSTM-1/2x40E1/2X48E1 VLAN implementation Gigabit Ethernet over STM-1 Operation Merits

Frequency bands: 6 to 52 GHz Capacities: PDH (5/10/16/20/32/40/48/ 2x40/2x48E1, 1/2E3)

SDH (STM-1, 2xSTM-1) LAN: 10/100Base-T(X), 1000Base-SX/LX, 1000 Base-T Modulation: QPSK, 16/32/128QAM Scalability up to your needs

Superior reliability available Easy network configuration Good maintenability with advanced PNMSj(PASOLINK Network Management System Java Version)

o o

Capacity upgradable by software 5E1 to 16E1 or 5E1 to 32E1 or 40E1 to 48E1 16E1 to 32E1 or 16E1 to 48E1 (interface card swap) 16E1 to STM-1 (interface card swap) Modulation selectable by software QPSK up to 128 QAM

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Saving CAPEX and OPEX Frequencies:

6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 28, 32, 38, and 52 GHz Traffic capacities:

5 x 2 Mbps, 10 x 2 Mbps, 16 x 2 Mbps, 20 x 2 Mbps, 32 x 2 Mbps, 40 x 2 Mbps, 48 x 2 Mbps 1 x 155 Mbps, 2 x 155 Mbps

ACTUAL SPECIFICATIONS OF GLOBE TELECOM TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER ODU (OUTDOOR UNIT) *7GHz (TX Freq Range: 7289-7352 RX Freq Range: 7128-7191) *TX Power Range: -23 to 0 dB IDU (INDOOR UNIT) *Capacity: 32E1 w/ 1FE *-48volts *Modulation: 32QAM

Path Length (16km)

VI. CALCULATIONS

Fresnel Zone Distance = 16km Frequency = 7000Mhz F= (

( )( )( ) )

Free Space Loss FSL = 92.4 + 20log(6.62GHz) + 20log(43km) = 141.49dB Isotropic Receive Level

= 13.07m Earth Bulge = = 5.02m ( Tower Height = = 3.76m Transmit Power (dbm) = = 36.02dBm Effective Isotropic Radiated Power EIRP = (4W) (42dB) = 63,395.73W
( )

IRL = 48.02 dbW - 141.49dB = -93.47 dBW

)( )

Net Path Loss NPL = 4dB + 141.49dB + 4dB (42dB + 42dB) = 65.5 dB Received Signal Level RSL = 48.02 dBW 65.5dB = 17.48 dBW