Chapter 1: Race as a social reality o o why not Biological Reality? > obvious physical differences/ intellectual humans vs.

chimps race is a social construction as opposed to genetics humans: not a big variation in genetics more variation in race than genetics racial category dynamics changing b/c of political reasons

White Privilege - collection of unearned cultural, political, economic, and social advantages an d privileges possessed by people of Anglo-European decent or by those who pass a s such. - whites are less likely to be exposed to toxic chemicals and pollutants than La tinos/Blacks. -at work within the criminal justice system. Blks are more likely to be charged with possession. Whites enjoy sentences that are shorter than the avg blk guilty of the same crime. White Normalization whiteness is racial domination normalizeddominant category

5 Fallacies 1. Individualistic- racism goes on in spite of your acts because it is embe dded in our institutions. 2. Legalistic- just bc something is legal doesnt mean it doesnt exist 3. Tokenistic- the powerful people in power are color so there is no racism . This is wrong bc Oprah is powerful doesnt mea every other black can be rich too . 4. Ahistorical- fallacy is the past is the past. What matters is what happen s from now on << FALSE 5. Fixed- fallacy is racism is fixed but it is always going to be there and c hange in different forms - Dont measure racism by past definitions: segaration, slaves, new manifestions, etc - Racism changes and dynamics - Fallacy- racism will stay the same Institutional vs. Interpersonal Racism Chapter 2: Modernity and Age of Discovery 1. Colonization of the Americas

2.

Spanish and English Conquest

African Enslavement (facts and insights) -nationalism is becoming more obviouscapitalism. Goal: get rich, accumulate wealt h - pg 64. African societies participated in the slave trade to get rich. -slaves were kept anywhere and everywhere in the ships. Cramp tight spaces. Stri pped naked.

Manifest Destiny (facts and insights)

Asian and European Immigration (facts and insights)

Chapter 3: Civil Rights Movement

- Challenges -Disenfranchisment = not vote - violence & terrorism legal scantion - discrimination/segaration = poverty -disrepect - Organizations Movement , Strategies, Achievements 1. NAACP- legal, nonviolence, against segeration a. Educate whites about blacks b. Black people educated 2. MIA- support Montgomery Bus boycott a. Organized carpools, funded by blacks churches b. Boycotts work on the bus c. Couldnt challenge bc of morale 3. SCLC- MIA grew into this a. Taught blacks to read so they could pass restrictive voting tests b. Non-violent c. Black churches came together d. Need everyone to engage in the movement 4. SNCC- student NONviolent movement

a. Sittins- freedom riders; freedom summers b. Freedom riders- supreme court outlaw segaration to test the new law if t hey can ride together c. Freedom summers/school- educate blacks i. Seeing themselves through eyes of the community d. Orginal students organized this not anyone special 5. Selma to Montogomery march a. Not a single black voter was registered b. Nonviolent protest c. Voting right act of 1965

White Backlash (121) -southern strategy federal government saying segaration is not allowed but state s wanted govt out of their business -discursive co-optation appropriate the language - colorblindness Racial Politics

-Party Affiliation

-Voting Districts

-Voting and Racial Attitudes- 132

-Disenfranchisement-135

Racial Justice Today

- Challenges, Strategies

Chapter 4: Accumulation vs. Distribution - America accumulates wealth but does not distribute the wealth back to its peop le

Affirmative Action for Whites- 154 affirmative action was white bc public policies provide most white Ameri cans tools to advance in social welfare- good jobs, assets, SS & middle class blks and non whites didn not get the same treatment nonwhites = unskilled professions GI Bill of Rights o Veterans get low down payments for houses o Veterans went to college, Unemployment insurance, Finance small business es, Farmland, Nonwhites excluded o Distributions of benefits were left up to the white people

Racial Disparities & Analysis - opportunity hoarding keeping our resources to ourselves not sharing jobs

Labor Market Discrimination

Asian American Success cultural vs. structural explanations more value placed on work and education -

Immigrant Success and Assimilation- 173

Welfare Warfare

Affirmative Action

Chapter 5 Housing Mexican Push and Pull

Racial Struggles over Residence in Twentieth-Century America 1. Racialization of Neighborhoods - the rise of industrialism attracted immigrants - ethnic groups tend to cluster together in neighborhoods 2. Migration and Urbanization - in the north, jobs in manufacturing in agriculture inspired Mexicans to move.

- US govt endorsed them to hire Mexican Americans and immigrants because of cheap er labor - whites started balming Mexicans for the high umeployment rate and taking their jobs -Mexican Repatriation Programs- thousands of Mexican families were rounded up an d sent back to Mexico on a train -the people who rounded up the Mexicans didnt bother to know if they were a citizen of the US or not, they was shipped back to Mexico more than half was US citizens tribal termination state govt were give legal jurisdiction over Indian res ervations and between 1953 and 1973, 109 tribes were terminated by the fed. Govt. beginning of 20th century, a massive movement of blacks from rural South to urban North 2 economic shifts encouraged many blacks to head north to Chicago, NY, C leveland, Detroit in search for better work & living: o 1. Decline in the price of cotton = job shortages in south o 2. 1st world war reduced European immigration, cutting off Northern indu strys main source of cheap labor = massive job vacancies growing in Midwest metro polises Great Migration between 1910 & 1930 1.5 million backs went north. Another 3 mill followed 1940-1960 1. Housing shortages

Racial uprisings aka race riots o Summer 1919 in Chicago. 17 yr old blk kid swam to the white side of the beach and people threw rocks at him. Eugene Williams drowned. o This caused the summer to be called The Red Summer o One of the bloodiest riots: In Detroit, June 1943, fights between white and black youths escalated for 3 days- fighting, shooting and looting 34 people dead- most of them black

3. The Origins of the Ghetto - most houses built were strictly for white people - 92% of Detroits housing units were for whites only & 1% were open to nonwhites. - Federal law encouraged it since integrated neighborhoos would drive down the v alue of homes. -Fed. Housing Admin & Veterans Admin. Financed more than 120 bill worth of the h ouses, less than 2% to nonwhite familiessegregated areas -covenants deeds to their property. Could restrict purchase of land to certain re lgiours or racial groups -redlining lenders practice of taking a city map and drawing in red ink a border a round nonwhite neighborhoods, marking them as too risky for loans - Housing market - good money can be made b/c landlords up the price of rent 74 for black and 64 f or whites - landlords do not fix anything thats broken even tho it can be deadly like elect ric wiring. - landlord splits up the apt into smaller rooms and still charges a high rent - had to live in the citys oldest housing stock which needed repairs and maintena nce and etc - landlords couldnt get loans for their properties so they just left the building the way it is

- bankers see how the blacks lived and how theyre neighborhood looked like so the ydid not want to invest any money. Blacks = poor credit 2. urbal renewal first tmie in the countrys history that the govt was given the r ight to seize an individuals property not for its own use but for reassignment to another individual for his use and profit - have new life into the inner city and better living conditionsapts, art museums and toll roads 3. White Fight and White Flight - people who had money to move out of the slums did so and moved into white comm unities - people who lived in slums = poorest of the poor - whites reacted to racial integration of their neighborhoods: - moving - staying around and fighting or fleeing - white flight whites who sold their houses in the city and went to the suburbs - blockbusting agents real estate agents who spotted a chance for cash on neighb orhood integration - sell a house to an Asian family and publicize it widely = neighborhood being t aken over = agents would encourage homeowners to sell their homes before things for worse - panicking whites sold their homes to real estate agents at below mrk rates - agents sell that house to nonwhite families who want a decent housing at above mrk rates. Or offer loans at inflated interest rates. - white fight Whites Only or All White Negroes moving here will be burned. Signed, Ne ighbors - racial slurs protestsvandalismterrorism. - threw rocks, poured gas, pulled down fences or lit the house on pire ----- you ng people played a key role white supremacy Residential Segregation and its Consequences Polluted neighborhoods

Immigrant Integration