The calorific value of a fuel is the quantity of heat produced by its combustion - at constant pressure and under "normal"

("standard") conditions (i.e. to 0oC and under a pressure of 1,013 mbar). The combustion process generates water vapor and certain techniques may be used to recover the quantity of heat contained in this water vapor by condensing it.

Higher Calorific Value (or Gross Calorific Value - GCV, or Higher Heating Value - HHV) - the water of combustion is entirely condensed and that the heat contained in the water vapor is recovered Lower Calorific Value (or Net Calorific Value - NCV, or Lower Heating Value - LHV) - the products of combustion contains the water vapor and that the heat in the water vapor is not recovered

Higher Calorific Value (Gross Calorific Value - GCV) Fuel kJ/kg Acetone Alcohol, 96% Anthracite Bituminous coal Butane Carbon Charcoal Coal (Lignite - Anthrasite) Coke Diesel 29,000 30,000 32,500 - 34,000 17,000 - 23,250 49,510 34,080 29,600 15,000 - 27,000 28,000 - 31,000 44,800 12,800 8,000 - 14,000 12,000 - 13,500 19,300 14,000 - 14,500 7,300 - 10,000 20,900 Btu/lb

Lower Calorific Value (Net Calorific Value NCV) kJ/kg

45,750

43,400

Higher Calorific Value (Gross Calorific Value - GCV) Fuel kJ/kg Ethane Ethanol Ether Gasoline Glycerin Hydrogen Kerosone Lignite Methane Oils, vegetable Paraffin Peat Pentane Petrol Petroleum 48,000 43,000 51,900 29,700 43,000 47,300 19,000 141,790 46,200 16,300 55,530 39,000 - 48,000 46,000 13,800 - 20,500 5,500 - 8,800 7,000 61,000 20,400 12,800 Btu/lb

Lower Calorific Value (Net Calorific Value NCV) kJ/kg 47,800

44,400

121,000 43,000

50,000

41,500

45,350

Higher Calorific Value (Gross Calorific Value - GCV) Fuel kJ/kg Propane Semi anthracite Sulfur Tar Turpentine Wood (dry) 50,350 26,700 - 32,500 9,200 36,000 44,000 14,400 - 17,400 kJ/m3 Acetylene Butane C4H10 Hydrogen Natural gas Methane CH4 Propane C3H8 Town gas 56,000 133,000 13,000 43,000 39,820 101,000 18,000 kJ/l Btu/Imp gal 2550 950 - 1150 3200 6,200 - 7,500 Btu/ft3 11,500 - 14,000 Btu/lb

Lower Calorific Value (Net Calorific Value NCV) kJ/kg 46,350

Higher Calorific Value (Gross Calorific Value - GCV) Fuel kJ/kg Gas oil Heavy fuel oil Kerosene

Lower Calorific Value (Net Calorific Value NCV) kJ/kg

Btu/lb 164,000 177,000 154,000

38,000 41,200 35,000

1 kJ/kg = 1 J/g = 0.4299 Btu/ lbm = 0.23884 kcal/kg 1 Btu/lbm = 2.326 kJ/kg = 0.55 kcal/kg 1 kcal/kg = 4.1868 kJ/kg = 1.8 Btu/lbm 1 dm3 (Liter) = 10-3 m3 = 0.03532 ft3 = 1.308x10-3 yd3 = 0.220 Imp gal (UK) = 0.2642 Gallons (US)