PROBLEM 5.

116
KNOWN: A 0.12 m thick wall, with thermal diffusivity 1.5 10-6 m2/s, initially at a uniform temperature of 85C, has one face suddenly lowered to 20C while the other face is perfectly insulated. FIND: (a) Using the explicit finite-difference method with space and time increments of x = 30 mm and t = 300s, determine the temperature distribution within the wall 45 min after the change in surface temperature; (b) Effect of t on temperature histories of the surfaces and midplane. SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional transient conduction, (2) Constant properties. ANALYSIS: (a) The finite-difference equations for the interior points, nodes 0, 1, 2, and 3, can be determined from Equation 5.81,

p p p p Tm+1 = Fo Tm 1 + Tm +1 + (1 2 Fo ) Tm with

(1) 2

Fo = t x 2 = 1.5 106 m 2 s 300s ( 0.03m ) = 1/ 2 .

(2)

Note that the stability criterion, Equation 5.82, Fo 1/2, is satisfied. Hence, combining Equations (1) and p +1 p p (2), Tm = 1/ 2 Tm 1 + Tm +1 for m = 0, 1, 2, 3. Since the adiabatic plane at x = 0 can be treated as a

symmetry plane, Tm-1 = Tm+1 for node 0 (m = 0). The finite-difference solution is generated in the table below using t = pt = 300 p (s) = 5 p (min). p 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 t(min) 0 10 20 30 40 45 T0 85 85 85 85 76.9 76.9 68.8 68.8 61.7 61.7 T1 85 85 85 76.9 76.9 68.8 68.8 61.7 61.7 55.6 T2 85 85 68.8 68.8 60.7 60.7 54.6 54.6 49.5 49.5 T3 85 52.5 52.5 44.4 44.4 40.4 40.4 37.3 37.3 34.8 TL(C) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

<

The temperature distribution can also be determined from the one-term approximation of the exact solution. The insulated surface is equivalent to the midplane of a wall of thickness 2L. Thus, 6 2 t 1.5 10 m s ( 45 60 ) s Fo = = = 0.28 and Bi . 2 L2

( 0.12 m )

Continued...

PROBLEM 5.116 (Cont.)

From Table 5.1, 1 = 1.5707, C1 = 1.2733. Then from Equation 5.44, 2 o = C1 exp(1 Fo) = 1.2733exp(1.57072 0.28) = 0.64
o To = T ( 0, t ) = T + o ( Ti T ) = 20o C + 0.64 ( 85 20 ) C = 61.5o C .

or

This value shows excellent agreement with 61.7C for the finite-difference method. (b) Using the IHT Finite-Difference Equation Tool Pad for One-Dimensional Transient Conduction, temperature histories were computed and results are shown for the insulated surface (T0) and the midplane, as well as for the chilled surface (TL).
85 75 Temperature, T(C) 65 55 45 35 25 15 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 Time, t(s) T0, deltat = 75 s T2, deltat = 75 s TL T0, deltat = 300 s T2, deltat = 300 s

Apart from small differences during early stages of the transient, there is excellent agreement between results obtained for the two time steps. The temperature decay at the insulated surface must, of course, lag that of the midplane.