A GI]IDT TO THT RTADII\G OT'ANCITI{T LTGTNDS INDIAI{ OOII\I

by John S PART II Deyell , Mad-ison,Wisconsin, NI #IZt9 BRAHMI Brahmi 1s the script most commonly encountered, on the coins of ancient Ind.ia. Major coinage series using the Brahml script were the monarchial, tribal, city, and- guild- coins of North Ind-ia during the period 200 B.C. to 300 A.D. r &s wel-l- as the coins of the Satavahana (And-nra), Ksatrapa (Western Satraps), Gupta and- lesser d-ynasties. The inscriptional use of Brahmi pred.ated- 1ts earliest occurrence on coi-ns, for it was the script of the pil1ar and- rock proclamations of t h e r e n o w n e d -e m p e r o r A 6 o k a o f t h e M a u r y a n d - y n a s t y ( " . . 2 ? 2 - 2 3 6 B . C . ) . It became the normal- means of expressing the Sanskrit language in w-rltten form, and consequently was accepted- as the proper script for all kind-s of official d-ocunents 1n North Ind.ia and the Deccan. Grad.ua11y evolving from simple geometric letter shapes (lra century B.C.) to more sophistlcated forms (5tfr century A.D. ), Brahmi eventually served- as the prototype for a d-ozen or so distinctive regional Indian alphabets of the med.ieval and. mod-ern period.s. While Brahmi was contemporaneous with l{raroqlhi, and. shared- some of 1ts characteristics, there were important dlfferences between the two. Unlike l{rarosthi , Brahmi read- from left to ri ght ( and even, ot the Gupta coins, from top to bottorn). A1so, Brahmi had fetters peculiar to Sanskrit, not found" in lilraroqthi which was generally used to ra.rite the l-ess formal Prakrit or commonlanguage. A notable slmilarity between the two was the inLrerent vowel following each consonant. Thls 1s shown in the table below. The table uses the traditional Tndian arrangement of the alphabet. Phonetic values lndicated by conventional Roman letters are the same in all- cases as those shown in the script tabl-e 1n Part I of this series (Ufn VoI. 10 No. 9). New letters are rrar' (.= in father),. "i" (as .in feet), "-,r:'(r" in boot), ,r'r 1r= in rrair' (r" ir-rrisrand), "1" (r" in lift), "au" (as in it f r r 4i y t r r m )t,e r m i n a l a s p i r a t i o n ) . (a out), and T t s h o u l d E e r e m e m b e r e dt h a t " c a " i s p r o n o u n c e d -a s i n c h u c k , " c h a " i s a n a s p i r a t e d r r c a r r , a n d _t h e tt$a,ttand letters "Uu." are both pronounced- as in shut.
-i-

The Script |\ nN (g
a\

,a

co o"d
rJ

a d

c
o
cd O a
t
li ri .rJ ]J

A0

Fr
r /]cd

cd

g ..J
^{

54

'{sI
P !
d

trl

cd d

cd a. trfd
F.l

od .-{ rlcd cd g'.1 'd-q +rFl g u) cuOCdcd0) + ; U --_l_\

v

TF HO

r\

bO C M g o a t c) .J r-Jr-l .r1 c FJcd __r_

,---r-l

Fp r
-r \-/

cd g cd

locd cd a. cd

()s

cdc)

dtr
d-t.) PA dO

CE oO OE
r--"_J

.rl g !cd

U)B
r-J_-\

dP -Pa cd C)

gE oo ()O(

u)=

a cd P -1 C5

aH

HX

HFt>t :T 'J'

ta

e
i

>lt to

CC

lha OO

1
u
'tl

l..l 'f' ::

da I / d.ha A a

r
I IXInrt AAlt\h,f'-r,4
@ 6Oo

LL

bt nh
A ZT

I:r la ta AAAh
thaOo

1
e ai o
o"t)

t {l"

da F(bl
dhaD(

rtz
I
Ir\ IJ

te
C

na -L\J
Pa t \,, u pha b L0
:

4a5
LTqLI tr

am ah

ka ++ khaez
ga n nqrr
gha t, wTrI

++
J
v ul

TT
n6z z
q.l 9
.1fiW11;r

ba trn d tr bha#azTrl 4clil{ \T{rt ma U BXfIfJXYVllvX\rv-Ll

ya O il, iDu,r tf,]cr,elJ J{J clr iFl

ra tr
la.Jzfil

IJ
il

Il
zT2lr.fef

na E t ca dd cha 6 6 ja EE
jhaFV

4 EE? )'' >

Ct J-Do &dc EE

va 5trEa

6a

dXzI

fia

-h

qq 6a ,(l.A.Qrnnnftf Fa UkJtrtl Irtr sa fuPPt r f , ?x P l 6'?i' ha tr\.r. SII.'L\^T'I

The vowel forms in the above table are initial vowels only, i.e, used, at the start of words. vowels other than the inherent,,a,,, are ind-i_ cated within each word- by strokes rnodifying the consonant preceding the vowel-.
SAN
D|',|.

,VH
ll hl

SA

p&,

sau sa.iir sah

s5.

,(

DL,|. S.-r.

sai
SO

si

dt'

si &x,

cd

p&

),1,

F
&

c-:

to indicate a conjunct r-etter. Thus u +

while the vowel strokes are generalJ,y the same for arr consonants, you will have to famill arize yourself r'rith the particular position on each l-etter where the vowel_ signs are attached.. it sarne is true of the " as "i";-::y'h t:_ otlul, consonants p" ja prefix: er consonants prefix, + (rka) f f"i."l (rma) a surrj-x: f 7:::?, or"1u:u-:: f (k;;i, A-iir.) , g (;;;i. when , the inherent vowel is not wanted- between_lett6rs, the retters are stacked.

;Eiffii:',il";';;i'
:2

Lr, .and-. x (r,"r"), ;;(tp") and (irma). common examples ,'J'-E-'fJull-i (;ffii'i"?it"y. t, I

(t"pa)

As 1n Part r' the genitive case of the nouns has been translated. lnto nominative in English for the sake of clarity. where the coin legend could not be lnspected -M"ny .in photographsr or is a conjecturaitt""o.,=truction, it is bracketed (trrusty) . of these read.ings are subject to disagreement even among ad-vanced.scholars, and. shoulJ be regard.ed. as probable rather than certain. 1. Indo-Greeks Pantaleon ye sa tJ A nl d L pa ta 1e va sa

AgathoclesHngnli/t
a ga thu kla 2. a) Tri bal Janapad.?g Agras H4J a ga ca Arjunayanas H q J-r+rr ajunayanana ASvakas d
VA

f)
I

KuTind.as t J ku ni d.a sa

ttt

b)

Amoghabhfiti H1r

Trr d

H
sa

a ma gha bha ti

c) d-)

cd+
ta sva ka

Haridattar-f {
ha ri

5A
da ta

&
sa

Aud.unrbaras

)t
odu

trt&
ba ri sa

sivadatta <C, A 5 A+
si va da ta sa ,\ Sivapila /t(I LU 5i va pE" la X ,tJ A f ma la va na

Aryamitra

H t' ajami

h (&)
ta ("")

Bhinumitra 6 +

t' n

g)

bha nu mi ta

Malavas

Dharashosa .f" *H
Mahimitra X Lr^, d ma hi mi

:l 3
A
+o-, v

h ) R a j a f r y a sI i)
1l

t]t

Ta ja fia

6iui=

^fd
6i bi

sivadasa pdlpF,
si
o)

va da sa sa

Tbigartas

b
tra

ka La

K u l D t a s+ ? d l
ku lil

U
t,a sya

k)

udd.hehikasL ? tr- +
udehakl

viraya6a d J {-,1
vi ra

7t

Dhruvamitra gAt'C&
dhru va mi tra sa

ya Sa sya

Vijayamitra

d E ul d 5 7' vi ja ya mi tra s y a

Suryami-tra + (, AN su ya ni t a s a

t)

v e m a k a sb X t
ve ma ka

AS2

n)

Yaudheyas cfJ

d dr I

yo dhe ya n6

Rudravarrna

6 B.'L l { ru dra va m a s a

B h a n u v a r m a( T l A U bh5. nu va sya Rdvana t6J. U rd va na sya

m) vrisnis
3. a)

vr sna Regional Kingdoms Ahicchatra (North pancala)

AgnimitraHdf

a gi mi tra sa AnamitraHIVA y a na ma t,a sa A6vamitra (x .U t' A ) (a 6va mi t")

Fudrasupta l-

ru dra gu pta sa

d n_ H

p
p)

RudraghosaT F L, (p 6ivagupta F". 6 n

st

ra da gha(sa sa)

va ga La

BhEnumitra .{ I bha Bhadrashosil a

t'

nu mi tra

p
sa

Sivanandin I Il I va stsrinand.i (1, I

(si ri

y
a &)

na da sa

Flfuy{gho sa sa

bha dra

na da sa)

BhDmirnitrailt't' D a m a g u p t5 U n a

bhu mi mi tr'a

ia

Suryamitra {,t' X
VangapalaJnU!&
va ga pa l a

su ya mi Lra sa

A y
sa

d a m a g a ta

sa

D h r u v a m i t r ag , I t ' b p
d"hru va mi Lra sa

varunamitra A Vasusena A
VA

va ru na. mi_ ta

I t'

A (&)
(".)

rndramitra :. ]
Jayagupta

t'

i dra mi tia sa E cf' fU X TJa ya gu pta sa

Ja ya ma tra

5 l

$f F, J. 6.
SU SA NA SA

v i s n u m i t r a6 E y J
va F+u mi tra Yajfiapata <-r.r E Lr zJ p ya jfiu pa la sa yu ga se na sa

p
sa

Jayamitra

FJ.,Y

sa

t P h a l g u n i m i t r a0 f t f
Prajapatimitra ( \ (p."

t'4

pha gu ni mi tra t v I ja pa ti

sa

Yugasena Ul n a/ _L &

d A f) mi t-ra s a )

b)

Ayodhya (Kosala)

AryamitraHH:i

a yya rni ta sa Aryavarma (fr E 6 f _L) (a ja va ,ru.) "ra

A>-

D e v a m i t r a I) 6 X A T ,
da va ma ta sa DhanadevaCIFAlv dha na da va sa

Kumudasena tq
Ivlfiladeva

{ p r p

ku mu d,a se na sa aI ?J .F A p ma Ia de va sa q T na ra da ta sa (t' A p) I{uu sa gha(mi ta sa)

sivad.atta rA C

si va d"a ta sa

t Ap

vdyud eva 6 u.l -h A AJ

vE yu de va sa

Naradatta

Vijayamitra t
vi

Ec.tr 1.A Z }

Sanghamitra

ja ya ma ta sa

&

satyamitra&L\*
c) Eban (Avanti _Chedi

v:-6arnadeva {Ar vl -

Ap

sa kha de va sa

sa tya mi tra )

4p
sa

Dharmapala

.A tr 0 U D sa Ia pl ma dha

(backwards!)

d)

Kanauj (South pancala)

B r a h r n a m i t r aq p b SA t"" til" ,n'i- sa ta Suryamitra A/ *1, !i A p

su ya mi ta sa e) Kausambi (vatsa)

?b visnudeva Aq

vi p+u de va sa

FAP

Agaraja:lJ":*
JyeFthadatta

Asnimitra Hd
Agnivarma

jya

C.tJ

4,u
Flha da tta sa lna sa

a gi mi La sa a ga va ma sa

C A p

Jyesthagupta

E ,9qAP ja ga ta
E
Jo.

Jyeq thami tra

A6vashopaH }Yutlp
a Sva go sa sa Bhadrarnasha y (r-rr { } X ) bha da a rna (gir"j

tna mi ta sa

P t'AP

Mitra

/ ,r. mi ta

Bhimasena

Navika -L d + na vi- ka parvata Lr I}AH

pa va La sa

rl 1| Vf bha nra sa na
bhi

B h i m a v a r m a+ X A X ,
ma va na

Brhaspatimitra O rr 1u} ba ha sa ti rndradeva:.

idadevasa

S A p mi ta sa

PothanitraUOgAp po tha ma ta sa Pra japatimitra tr E tJ ( pa ja pa ti Prayamitra

(pra)

ltd

t' nri

t..|)OgA

rSvaramitra i.g T g A p t_ sa

ya ma La sa

&

ra ma ta sa

Puramasha Y

T (V

u.l)

pu ra

(*u. eha)

Puspa6ri \
R E d h a m i t r af Rijamitra t
Rajanirnitra

pu Fva Sra ya r5. dha ma ta sa

H $l:I
0

Satyamitra

p A v A (p)
sa ta rna La (=")
sl-

VA

Sivanagha

a xLI fl va ma gha
IXA Y

EX

r5" ja ma ta sa I \ J f (A ra ja ni ma (t" s a )

A y

Suryamitra

H
\ A

su ra ma ta sa

v)

Vai6ravana

vai_ Sra va na

A 5 A)r

Ramamitra T X X A (lr) ra ma ma ta ("") Sarpamitra ).-f U Y A (p) sa pa ma La ("") Satyabhad.ra A

Satyamagha (Y ("" f)

Vavaghosa Vi jayamagha

AA\P
va va gho sa

d E uJx (Trr)
vi ja ya ma (eh")

sa ca bha da sa A y LLI) ta ma Sha)

Yagamagha

(v") sa (r. eh")

(E) A (U ril)

Mathura (Surasena) tl! d A /\r ba la bha ta sa Ramad.atta T

TA

Balabhilti

ma da ta

x tA Y
sa

BhavadattaHA)Ay bha va da ta sa

Satamitra (p

t,sa ta ma ta sa) u

A u A y)

B r a h m a m i t r aq Drdhamitra | 6

y/Ay dAp

bra hna mi ta'sa

Seqadatta n E,FIp 6e sa da ta sa Sujyestha $+

SU

d a d h a mi L a s a

je

Po&
thr sa \t/g/hF ya mi ta sa

Gomitrandhy
ga mi ta sa

Suryamitra

lf

KEmadatta+XFAF
k5, ma d.a ta sa Purus ad atta L{ l- bl t A p pu ru sa da ta sa

Uttamad atLa

) A8 u ta ma da ta sa d vl
l-t

Visnumitra

F+u ma ta sa

{X^F

g)

Mathura (Satraps)
S i vadatta

Hag5,masa \-r ff X bJ F ha g6 ma sa sa Hagana tr n J. y ha ga na sa

rnI

5 a v a d-a ta sa
S ivaghos a

hAp

/r/ a Yiru y
6i va gho Fa sa

Rdjuvula t

r5. ju vu 1a sa

1Ailp

Sodisa

r m rP
SA

dd sa

P
SA

4.

Kushans

HuvlskaputraKanigkak
5, Satavahanas

d q

? p

hu vi

Fka sya pu tra

h S fi + )\

ka ni ka sa (tentative)

The legend-s of the Satavahana coi-ns are seldom complete, and the final resolution of the d.ynastic list is the subject of continuing contro(for which see the glossary), versy. The following narnes, shorn of titles probably refer to a d-ozen d-ifferent kings, although a duplication is not un1ike1y. Satavahana royal namesr &S with thelr contemporaries the (father's Western Kgatrapas, often consist of a patrolFic narne, d-istinguished by the suffix putrasa : "son of") and- a personal narne.

Kumbhasatakarnl+ a P A

+ (J P)
sa)

Apilaka p\trT+

ka bha sa ta ka (li Meghvasthi \4 AY + A(alias Satakarni) ha ta me ka sa Rudra Satakarni

sE pa la ka sa Satakarnj- P A + I Y sa ta ka ni sa Satavahana p A O \-. I A/ sa ta va ha na sa p sa

J L )J A + I f,r ru da s5. ta ka ni sa

GautamiputraSStakarli

R A lf Lt A p P A + -t go ta ma pu t,a sa s-a ta ka ll

GautamiputraYafraSltakarni n AX rl AIJ O 1',G A + y IJ go ta ma pu ta sa ya fi,a si La ka na sa KauslkaputraSatakarni VasisthiputraPulumavi VaslsthiputraSatakar'fi + fl + (''{ A y p A + r y) ka ba ka (pt ta sa sa ta ka !a sa) 6 & d q X p q g X A }si -thf pu ta sa pu lu ma va sa va A tr [, A + J l, 6 P O \ va sa tha pu ta sa sE ta ka ni sa F, o \
va sa tha pu ta sa kha da sa ta ka ni 6, a) Satavahana Pred.ecessors and. Feud-atories Anand.as q q T q I P cu tu ku l-a narir d-a sa J.' MulaAnand.a { { | } mu l-a nam da sa

vasisthiputraskand-asatakarni6

h tJ d

h +

p
sa

CutukulaAnanda

b)

Kurus

G a u t a m i p u t r a v i l i v a y a K u r uI T ' lgo Mld.hiriputra3ivalaKuru X vasisthiputravilivayaKuru I

q T \

ta

mi pu ta

A }{ a {. A'$ I I H sa va l ri va ya ku ra sa 6 b p I X
li

2/+

n6. dha ra pu La sa sa va l-a ku ra sa

lll

pU

va sa thi

pu ta sa vi

9'A'p

Adrf

va ya ku ra sa

\ c)

-- . /(Sub-Di-strict Ivlahagamakas Siva Sebaka

Chi ef's)

Matharlputra

x (o I t1 A) P t'A a'
ILd.

Irji

p
SA

(tha ri

pu tr)

s a s i v a s e ba ka

d)

Maharalhis

(ni-strict

Governors )
S ad.akana Kanha ( s a d a k a n a k a pha )
r.\/

Maharathi putra Sadakana (r") ha ra lhf

(x) r' T d r{ A r t (} + I )
L +
2S\
l.f I

pu ta sa sa (au. k a n a )

IA- t + r +

1-O
\f

) L
+o, ^ v

S ad.akana Catakanha 't

( s a d a k a n a c a t a k a +ha)
S ad.akan a Kilral,aya

(.t- L + r

6i,r" Katana b
S]-

A
VA

t
ka

na sa

r7

-si,ru

Raya

\s]- va ra

P. A T iyL )) a

|-tfJ-t0.1:r*L sa
e) Mahasenapati

d-a ka na ka la Ia ya (Cornnand-er-in-Chi e f ) Sakyamana Cutukula

Bharada japutra

bha ra d-a ja pu ta sa sa ga ma na cu tu k u 1 a s a 7, Western KFatrapas

altttthrrpnur4\

Iur)

Satraps of Malwa and. Gujarat are partiThe sil-ver d-rammasof the Sa:nu. cularly reward-ing. The coins a^re of regular format , clearly inscrlbed-, and. are dated. The use of patronymics in ad-d-ition to personal nanes was the rul-e for al-l coin issuers except usurpers. Toward-sthe end. of the reign of a Mahakpatrapa (Great Satrap) , the heir-apparent was permitted. to issue coins wlth his title of Kq aLrapa (Satrap) . Date in numerals Meaningless legend in c orrupt Greek
Continuous Brahmi legend read clockwise from i nsi d.e

The d a t i n g s y s t e m i s i n the Saka E'ra, counted 1n solar The Brahmi numerals are ! I 2
?

years from 78 A.D.

B 9
?:

,ts
t )3
D( o(

50, 70 800 90@ 100 T ),

JT
c0
@

10

+
/
o
fi

)y I
YI

20
30

8e
^tN

/11 fLT

40 50?

?lx'{I{

2oo
300

i}
"}

7.

I)

Years are w-ritten 1n the manner of Roman n u m e r a l s , h i g h e s t d i g i t first : hund-red-s,tens, units . 1C0 7 : 285 Saka. Ad-d- , : 364 A,D , ?B

Start here

I' na.ne followed by putrasa is the pa,tronymic, not the personal name of the issuer. The legend- will- start on the word. raifro when it fol-lows a nane d"irectly. Legend-: rajfiah kgatrapasa viradama putrasa rajfro mahaksatrapasa rud-rasanasa. Translation: " [Coin] of the king, the Great Satrap Rud-rasena, son of the king, the Satrap Virad.aman". pu. : Sv. : Svami

In the l1st

below, { } = patronymic,

putrasa,

Bhartrdaman Bhilmakart caqtana,

( G h s a m o t i k a p u .)

(Rud-rasenapu. ) bha itr

FI C P J

d.a mnlh

\t

Ruarasiinr,ar Rud.rasiinrrart

(nud-rad-amapu. in dia si )

& 3

ha sah

U t

bhfr ma ka sa

(S,t. jivad.ama.pu. iu dia si )

. I

f{'Lr H
ha sa

ca pla na sa

EIP

Satyad.aman

Fl

{Damajad-a6riyapu, } sa tya d-a mna

2t I

DamajadaSri l I It I Y % (nuaranamnapu. d.a ma ghsa da sa )

Sarnghad.aman t{ ut t 1 (Rudrasihasapu.) sa gha d a miia

q Damajad-a3riTr L Y E I f Cll:Sv. Jayad.a.man C E \lJ l U P (Rud-rasenapu. d-a ma ja d.a 6ri yab sva mi ja ya da rna sa ) Sv. RudrasenaIlI (S,r.rud.rad-amapu.) ITI I 1r E I Y'u:' Damajad-a6ri H I x (Di.r"enapu. ) d-a ma ja d.a 5rl ya+ U V. I -J
sva m1 ru ora se na sa

Damasena

NII

(Rud.ra"enapu, ) d-a ma sa na sa

}l
Sv. (nuara) sena IV (S,r. simhasenapu.) sva mi (ru dra) se na sa

Ghsamotika H

1f dt
ka

) Y \t

J) x r $

ghsa mo ti

aLLa{' ,T' I I A & Isvarad r s v a ra C [a tta sa

JivadamanEOIY
(Damajad-a6riyapu. ) ji NahapanaItrUI na ha Da na Prth''risena ' (Rud.rasenasapu.) va d.a mna

5v, i(udrasrmna III,

'.1 r' I J H: 1{)t) mi ru d-la si ha sa) (sva

/^ , \ 1)v. satyasanapu. /

sv, satyasirirha

{ :T 2, H I ) sva mi sa tya sa na sya)

P
SA

S v.
.l

S i ri rhasena (S ,, . rud-rasenasvasri ya-

I
v!

sva m]' sa na sa na sa

)Yxl

lll

61"
vi

I }I
SA

th i

se na

Rudradanan ) (Jayad-amasapu. ru d.ra da ma sa )

t rY &
-P I tz

d Vi jayasena (Damasenapu , ) vi
Virad-aman (Damasenapu. )

lcrr Ft I a
ja ya sa na sa

Rud-rasenar . I

{Rud-rasihapu, ru dra se na sa )

vt_ ra

I It Y: A d-a mnah

Rudrasenall . I J $ 1 H (virad.amapu. fu d.?a se na sa )

't)q 4 llllf Vi-5vasena 'sva (Bhartrd-arnapu. ) vi se na sa

r-

a t .

v l_svas]-mna

2 3, I &
ha sa

yaSodamanrr ( } J R

(nudrasenapu. ) vi- 6va si

(Rud-rasl hapu . ) ya 3o da mnah

Y.' A.

ciJ A L YaSod.aman I T= (Damasenasapu.) ya 3o d.a mnbh B. KFatrapa Contemporaries and Successorg

\,a) KalacurLs

Vyaghrasena L

Krsnaraja +H
b) Trikutakas

vya grva sa na

9;f

kT sna ra ja

T E

\ c)

,, v aIaDnr_s

Fl sarbbaBhattaraka B
3 X

Dahrasena t

r
t

sa bba bha ta ra ka sa

T TIT

d a h ra

sa na

sa vva bha tta

tr e q E T Ttr ra ka sa
.H 1 t I + 1T

Ind.radatta O
9, Guptas

(i)nara

aa tta

'su6^ Bhataraka I

3a 6a bha ta ra ka sa

The Gupta kings were known either by their personal namesr or by a biruda or epithet, the most commonof which are bracketed. below. Budd.hagupta bu q d.ha O

end.ra)X\^
q A ca nd.ra gu pta /

ma he nd-ra na 4 Ta T ( /\

Cand.rasupta ""q
ndra

J \-/
2 ")
vi

9 \

qr

Narasiinhagupta

(vitramilrtya)

A J
kra

m5. d-i

5:
J

(nar-a.aity") 6 ?J Z
Furugupta pu I{ TAT (PrataSaditya)

t7r4

v6" la di tyan

Z:

(Paramabh-agavata)

u TX".'f pa
Ghatotkacagupta

ra ma bha ga va to ga tll

tl 6 X

pra ka 5a ai tyah

q. / 1{- 2,' 54
:

Kic a

kE" co

{t

toY

Rs,magupta f X
\/ Samudragupta sa $

rE. ma gu pta,h

aH

( s a r v a r 6 j o - FI,
cchett5,)

sa rva rd, jo cche tta ku md 'ra d-e vi

i E g

_) clra 5

in,.r x

,IrX 3 sa

mu dra gu ptah

*(r \t A.

Kumara.d.evi \

I ) I

(Apratiratho) YXT6 H
a pra ti

)v
ra tho

Kum-arasuptar."3{ t
ma X TAT

Tq"

}:

ku m5.ra gu ptab

(rrtantapara6u)| A (Parikrarna) u I-T

rJ-r

k{ td nta pa ra /

)Z{ X

pa ra kra ma

t+ skandasupta t
(Kramaditya) tZ I
Vainyagupta ,r.i )

tL )l
2,
Visnugupta

ka nda gu pta

a) t efr'J b:
dvd. d a 6a ai tyah

kra m-adi tyah

vi A
eh,, TJ

nra +t
10. a) G - u p t aS u c c e s s o r s Eastern Bengal

(candr6.rr;;; 6 ) T

1,,

ca ndr5. di tyah

BhavadattarajaHEqnlE
bha va d_ata rJ ja

Samacaradeva Al! ZT ( ) sa ma ca (r") (Narendravinita)AT (6I A na re ndra (vi ni

+^ lJ ci-

5,

rtuamEditya t1t kra

mE d,i tya sya

?) V
e

5.5enr. q e' 1:
a /. I

)tvrahenaradityaflen e ma

ha ndra da ti^

sa sa nkah

PrassanamatraE{ Rl BE 3-t A

b)

Nalas (South Kosa1a) and. others?

pra sa nna ma tra ja

Arthapathiraja E fl 1i-, ia

ara ttha pa tta

7 1 jE a
ra

varaharaja I InI e

va ra ha lb

AmSurvarma ,9. P I Il sryajn su Gun6.nka nru h fu

gu na nkla

nr-

I'tananKa

-h

, ||

va ma

rh
ni nka

-l uId-

PaSupati\

FLqq

JisnusuptaCE f E^ I ji (tllj
Gloss ary

.L I.J n
gu
n * ^

pa su p a t i sya

yva

VaiSravana

o I6nn
vai

5ra va na

The numbers beside an entry ind-icate the section a) city Names O 4 0 t' + ba hir dha fla ka

where the term occurs.

Bahhdhafiyaka (2")

Kausambi + (ry ka sa ma
ka sa bi

Banaras o T I
Baran Bhagita

.+AJ f})

baranasa ff f I 6 bi 16. na vE rl f{ -.1 -t bha gi la ya t B tr T ja Fla pa ra

+Ap+ r. ka 6a bi ka narir Madhyamika U V y I \-/ ma jha mi k5. ya Qi) Ivtahismati U t Ar X ma hi sa ti

Jyesthapura

Sudavapi (zt ) rripuri Uiiayini

b)

,\ F 6 U su d-ava pa
'I

V a t s a g h o q a( A
(tr

6 Iu

t,)

cha gho q a)

( ti

T \ pu ra

vid.isa A F fu

ve d.d-a sa

'C LJ ujeniyi

qq114_ I{qrr'gE

n Gadhik-anam 6 {I' ga d.hl kE nafi

c)

Negama ]- n tf ne ga m5.

Commonly Encountered. Words and. Phrases apratiratha (g) matchless chariot the almighty (zt) warrior

HeJl6
cI n 6 A ab I T ..b , v A,I '{nAAXtn{6p ') n 6 AU *Y d

bhagavata catresvara mahdtmana[

Lord- Siva

bha6avata mah-ad.evasaLord. Slva bhagavatasvamlno

(za)

the d.ivlne Lord- Karttikeya

q 9J,

brahmanya
bhattErakas a" gad.hikanam ga+a j anapad.asa j aya kamadehi khatapasa krtbntapara3u

(2")
worthy (titfe perfumers guild group (zm,n) territory, victory to republic ( Z A ,g , n ) (Za,h i, j, 1) of honor) (glossary b)

lE I Tlr
ADfJ'

qr.
EIUPA,
E C\J

F rr)tn
2AUF

the sacred. cow (tt) Kamad-henu satrap (ig)

t dhqTtu
IUJIV

sol-dier of the establ-ished" faith (g)

K saharata satrap (Z) of son fami l y (Z)

kq aharatas a ks atrapas a
m-ad-apitrpadanud.hydta (8 " )

t3""
lrt olv)tgl.
XLf q XtA,

on the feet "med.itating hi s p& rents" : fai thful

mahagamakasa
rnahaksatrapasa

sub-d-istrict great satrap

chief (2, Al;

(6")

1(IlltH
Nlt^i 6 d t g

mahErdjid-hiraja
maharajasa maharathis a

great king of kings (g)

great klng dlstrict (Za,n)

UtTIEP

XrrTdts

governor (5a)

xLurudp
1f7>T t'AP
l- A\f

mahasenapatis a inahesa rnltasa - ^ -^*: rJ.YScrJrrd, parakrama paranabhS.gavata paramaditya bhakta

c o m m a n d e r - i n - c h ie f ( 6 " ) Siva (8") friend (2,3) b)

merchant guild. (glossary zeal-ous activist highly (g)

L,fJ lr

u lxdq ax \rtlr?2.{I IJT1rrr 7TT

11 Ap JJ*

d_evoted to Vj_snu (g)

d-evoted worshipper of the Sun God (8") highly devoted to Siva (8")

paramamahesvara putasa, putrasa raja,

d a-

son of (S,Z) king (2,3, B") honorific title lord royal tltle (S) ruler

IE I9 I1, 6 IKP Pl 1{}{a

rajfro , raha
/ -

rano sl_va srl samanta (8" ) sri svasriyasya

Y O"Vd"

of subordinate (8")

J tJ'z
Ar
Bibllography Jo Parts

son of the sister fig-tree clan (2.)

of (Z)

I and fI

The following two handbooks are certai_nly the most useful available books for the beginner in this field., Two specialtzed works are also cited for further study of each script,
)f

Dani, A.H. Ind.ian Palaeog:'aphy. University Sircar, D. C. Ind.ian Epigraphical

Press, Oxford., L953, Banarsi_d_as, De1hi,

)C

1966,

G l o s s a r y . Motilal

Das Gupta, C. C. The DeveLopment of the Kharosthi_-S".id. pa.d.hyay, C verma, T. P. Thr" Pglr"otrr"phy gr Bt-hri rtha Prakashan, Va.ranasi, I9ZI. s"tipti.

K, K. Mukho-

Notth Irdir.

sidd.ha-

Although there a.re pres ently nunerous monographs and. catalogues , especially in reprint form, covering these series of coi_ns, the read.er may find the following, all currently in print, to be very helpful, Al1an, J. A Catalozue of Ind.ian Coins in the Britlsh Ancient Ind"+q. Britia
, .A ^ r a ^ ura .^r-u 6 u o f I n d i a n , t^+.-

M u s e u m .C o i n s o f

Coins in

the

British

the . Gupta Dlrnasties u

Museun, Coi_ns of

Altekar, A.S. Corp.us_of lnd.ian Colns, _Vol. IV. The Coinage of the Gupta Ernpire. Numismatic Society of Ind.ia, Varanasi, 1957, Dasgupta, K. K. A Tribal Nababhara History of Ancient Ind.ia. A N}mis$atic Approach.

Mitchiner, M. Ind.o-Greek and Ind-o-Scybhian Coinage. Vols . I-IV. Hawkins Publlcations, Lond"on, I975, Rapson, E.J. A Catalogue of the Ind-ian Coins in the British Museum. Coins of the And-hra Dynasty, the Western Ksatrjipas, etc. 3a11ig References utilized in composing Parts I and II of this article include the Journa] of the Nurnismatlc Society of Tndia, the Numisgatic Supplsment of the Journal of the Asiatlc Societv of Rensa.l various museumcatalogues , and photographlc prints courtesy of Dr, A. K. ltrara:-n and. the Archaeological Survey of f nd.ia., for which thanks are due.