Laboratory 4 Report: Thevenin's Equivalent Aim: To examine the Thevenin circuit and its theorem mpare both the

measured and calculated values of Rth ximum power of the circuit. Prework: 1. Calculate the Thevenin equivalent circuit as Fig. 1. (calculate values of Rth and Vth) 2. Connect the 330 and calculate V4 and I4, ow. through experimentation. Co and Vth and test for the ma seen by the 330 resistor in

all results are tabulated bel

Fig.1 ( RL=R4=330 ) Calculations Rth = {[(470//1000)+100]//680}+220 = 479.5 Nodal analysis: (from Fig .1) at the node a1 (a1 6)/470 +a1/1000 +(a1 a2)/100 = 0 6170a1 4700a2 = 6000 at the node a2 (a1 a2)/100 = a2/680 a1 = 39/34 a2 6170 (39/34 a2) 4700 a2 = 6000 a2 = Vth = 2.52 v0 a1 = 39/34 2.52 = 2.89 v (1)

(2)

Rth Vth V4 I4 Calculated 479.5 2.52 1.03 3.11 1. First they Measured and recorded the values of the resistors to be used in building the circuit shown in Fig. 1. R1 Calculated measured Resistors used R2 R3 470 100 464 99.9 in experiment R4 220 219.1 R5 330 326.9 R6 680 669 1000 977

2. The group then calculated all the voltages through each resistor and the c urrents I1 I6. After that they measured each component corresponding to the calc ulated values and all results were recorded below in table 1. Calculated components V1 = Vs a1 = 6 2.89 = 3.11v V2 = a1 a2 = 2.89 2.52 = 0.37v V3 = 0 (open circuit) V4 = 0 V5 = a2 0 = 2.52v V6 = a1 0 = 2.89v mA I1 = V1/R1 = 3.11/470 = 6.6mA I2 = V2/R2 = 0.37/100 = 3.7mA I3 = V3/R3 = 0.220 = 0 I4 = V4/R4 = 0/330 = 0 I5 = V5/R5 = 2.52/680 = 3.7mA I6 = V6/R6 = 2.9/1000 = 2.9

Table 1 V1 I4 I5 Calculated 0 0 Measured 0 0

(Total circuit) V2 V3 I6 3.11 0.37 3.7 2.9 3.10 0.37 3.67 2.98

V4 0 0

V5 0 0

V6 2.52 2.52

I1 2.9 2.89

I2 6.6 6.55

I3 3.7 3.67

3. The group then measured the Thevenin equivalent voltage (Vth) and resist ance (Rth) and both were recorded in tabular form showing calculated and measure d values. 4. Then with the 330 resistor connected V4 and I4 were measured and also rec orded.

Table 2 Rth calculated Measured

(Total circuit) Vth V4 479.5 2.52 476 2.52

I4 1.03 1.03

3.11 3.08

5. (a) The following figure is the Thevenin equivalent circuit with t he groups measured values of Rth and Vth. (b) The Thevenin equivalent circuit was then wired up as shown above. (c) The 330 resistor was connected across points a and b in the Thevenin cir cuit. The group then measured and recorded V4 and I4. There was only a slight ch ange in the values due to inaccuracy in equipment. (d) The measured results for the thevenin circuit were then tabulated showin g calculated & measured values. Table 3 (Thevenin circuit) V4 Calculated Measured using Measured using I4 1.03 3.11 the total circuit 1.03 the Thevenin's circuit 1.02

3.08 3.07

Part B: Maximum power transfer 1) Using the same Thevenin circuit set up in figure 2 although adjusting th e resistor RL for different values smaller and larger then Rth all recorded in t able 4 below. 2) We measured the voltage across RL for each value and inserted the measur

ed values in table 4. 3) The power dissipated in RL was then calculated using the formula P = V2/ RL and graphed as a function of RL in graph 1 below. Table 4 (maximum power) RL 50 100 220 330 5k V across RL 0.22 0.43 2.02 2.31 P =V2/RL 9.710-4 210-3 1.110-3

RL=Rth=476 0.79 1.910-3 1.02

560 1.24 2.810-3

680 1.36

1k 1.48 3.210-3

2k 1.7 3.210-3

Graph of P vs RL to show maximum power