HIGH SCHOOL EARTH SCIENCE GLOSSARY

ENGLISH SPANISH

PREPARED AND TRANSLATED BY THE NYS SPANISH BETAC

NYU STEINHARDT METRO CENTER

JUNE, 2008

EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY

ENGLISH SPANISH

A abrade abrasion absolute age absolute humidity absolute zero absorption abyssal plains accompany accumulation acid rain acid soil acid test actual evapotranspiration adiabatic temperature change advance aeration aerobic bacteria aerosol agent angular unconformity air mass air pollution air pressure alkaline alkaline soil alluvial fan alpine glacier alter alteration alternate altitude aluminum amethyst amorphous amphibian amphibole amplitude anaerobic bacteria andesite anemometer angle of isolation angular rate annular annular eclipse anomaly Antarctic Continent anthracite anticyclone apatite aphelion apogee apparent daily motion Edition of June 2008 (NYS Spanish BETAC)

erosionar, gastar abrasin, desgaste edad absoluta humedad absoluta cero absoluto absorcin llanura abisal acompaar acumulacin lluvia cida suelo cido prueba de acidez evapotranspiracin real cambio adiabtico de temperatura avance, progreso, adelanto aeracin bacteria aerbica aerosol agente discordancia angular masa de aire contaminacin del aire presin del aire alcalino suelo alcalino abanico aluvial glaciar alpino cambiar alteracin alternado altitud aluminio amatista amorfo anfibio anfibol amplitud bacteria anaerbica andesita anemmetro ngulo de aislamiento velocidad angular anular eclipse anular anomala continente antrtico antracita anticicln apatita aphelio apogeo movimiento diario aparente 1 of 18

EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY apparent diameter apparent magnitude apparent planetary diameter apparent solar day approximately aquifer arc arches arete arid arrangement ascending flow ash association asthenosphere Astronomical Unit astronomy atmosphere atmospheric pressure atmospheric variable augite axis azimuth azurite B backwash banding barometer barometric pressure barrier beach barrier islands barycenter basalt basin batholith baymouth bar beach beach face bedding bedding plane bed load bedrock bench mark berm Big Bang bind biodegradable biotite bituminous black hole blue-shift boulder boundary

ENGLISH SPANISH dimetro aparente magnitud aparente dimetro planetario aparente da solar aparente aproximadamente acufero arco arcos arista rido arreglo, disposicin flujo ascedente ceniza asociacin astenosfera unidad astronmica astronoma atmsfera presin atmosfrica variable atmosfrica augita eje azimut (acimut) azurita

estela, agitacin agruparse en bandas o franjas barmetro presin baromtrica barrera costera islas de barra baricentro basalto cuenca (hidrogrfica) batolito barra de boca playa frente de playa estratificarse, distribuirse en capas plano de estrato lecho de carga roca firme, lecho de roca punto de referencia berma, arcn teora de la Gran Explosin atar, unir, ligar biodegradable biotita bituminoso agujero negro corrimiento hipsocrmico canto rodado grande lmite

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY branch breaks breccia C calcite calorie Cambrian canyon capacity capillarity Carboniferous carbon carbon dating carbon dioxide carbonates carbonation carrying power celestial object celestial sphere celestial sphere cell cement cementation Cenozoic Era centi centrifugal force chalcopyrite chemical weathering chlorine chlorofluorocarbons chronological chronometer crystalline structure cinder cone cinnabar circumpolar stars cirque classification clastics clay cleavage climate closed energy system cloud coal coarse coast cold front collision boundary colloids composition compound compression

ENGLISH SPANISH rama romper, descomponer brecha

calcita calora cmbrico can capacidad capilaridad carbonfero carbn datacin por carbono dixido de carbono carbonatos carbonatacin poder de transportacin objeto celeste esfera celeste esfera celeste clula, celda cemento cementacin era cenozica centi fuerza centrfuga calcopirita desgaste qumico cloro clorofluorocarbonos cronolgico cronmetro estructura cristalina cono de toba (ceniza) cinabrio estrellas circumpolares circo glaciar clasificacin clstico arcilla grieta, partidura, resquebradura clima sistema cerrado de energa nube hulla, carbn mineral grosero, tosco costa frente fro lmite de colisin coloides composicin compuestos clorofluorocarbonados compresin

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY compression wave condensation conduction conglomerate conservation conservation of energy constellation contact metamorphism continental climate continental crust continental drift continental glacier continental plate continental rise continental shelf continental slope continental tropical air mass contour interval contour lines contour map contour plowing convection convection cell converge convergence zone convergent boundaries coordinate system core Coriolis effect correlation crack crater Cretaceous crevasse cross - bedding crust crystal Crystal deformation crystalline cumulonimbus clouds currents cycle of rock cyclic change cyclone D daily motion dam decay declination decrease deficit deflect degree

ENGLISH SPANISH onda compresiva condensacin conduccin conglomerado conservacin conservacin de la energa constelacin metamorfismo de contacto clima continental corteza continental deriva continental glaciar continental placa continental elevacin continental plataforma continental talud continental masa de aire continental tropical intervalo entre curvas de nivel curvas de nivel mapa con curvas de nivel (topogrfico cultivo de contorno conveccin celda de conveccin converger zona de convergencia lmites convergentes sistema de coordenadas ncleo efecto de Coriolis correlacin fractura crter cretceo grieta glaciar estratificacin cruzada corteza cristal deformacin cristalina cristalino nubes cmulonimbos corrientes ciclo de las rocas cambio cclico cicln

movimiento diario represa, dique, embalse decomposition declinacin disminucin dficit desvo grado

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY delta dendritic pattern density depletion deposition depression descending flow desert desertification destruction detect Devonian period dew dew point diamond diastrophism dike dinosaur diorite direct rays discharge disconformity displacement sediments distorted structure distributaries distribution divergence zone dissolution dissolve divergent boundaries divide dolomite dominant Doppler effect drainage drainage basin drainage patterns drift drumlin dry adiabatic lapse rate dry bulb thermometer due duration of insolation dust storm dynamic equilibrium E earthquake eccentricity ecliptical ecospace electromagnetic energy electromagnetic spectrum element

ENGLISH SPANISH delta patrn dendrtico o arborescente densidad agotamiento deposicin depresin flujo descendente desierto desertificacin destruccin detectar perodo devoniano roco punto de roco diamante diastrofismo dique (intrusin) dinosaurio diorita rayos directos descarga desconformidad sedimentos de desplazamiento estructura deformada distributarios distribucin zona de divergencia solucin disolver lmites divergentes divisoria (lnea), vertiente dolomita dominante effecto Doppler drenaje cuenca hidrogrfica patrones de drenaje deriva, desviacin estra intervalo de cambio adiabatico seco termmetro seco debido duracin de la insolacin tormenta de polvo equilibrio dinmico

terremoto eccentricidad eclptico ecoespacio energa electromagntica espectro electromagntico elemento

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY elliptical galaxies ellipse elliptical emergence end moraine energy energy sink energy source entire entrenched environment epicenter equator equilibrium equinox era erosion erosional -depositional system erratic escarpment esker estuaries eutrophication evaporites evaporation evapotranspiration evidence evolution exclusive exfoliation expand exposed extinct extrusion extrusive igneous F faceted fault feldspar felsic field fine fiords firn (neve) flat flood plain flotation focus (earthquake) folded folded strata foliated foot wall fossil

ENGLISH SPANISH galaxias elpticas elipse elptico emergencia morena terminal energa deposito de energa fuente de energa completo afianzado medio ambiente epicentro ecuador equilibrio equinoccio era erosin sistema de erosin-sedimentacin errtico escarpado esker estuarios eutroficacin evaporitas evaporacin evapotranspiracin evidencia evolucin exclusivo exfoliacin expandirse expuesto extinto extrusin extrusin gnea

enfrentado falla feldespato flsico campo fino fiordo nieve plano llanura de aluvin flotacin foco (terremoto) plegado estratos plegados foliado labio hundido fsil

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY fossil fuels fossilization Foucault pendulum fracture fracture zones fragment frame of reference frequency friction frictional drag front G gabbro galaxy galena garnet geocentric model geographic poles Geologic history geologic time scale Geology geosyncline glacial action glacial lakes glacier gneiss graded bedding gradient grain granite graphite gravel gravitation gravity greenhouse effect groins ground moraine ground water guyouts gypsum H half-life halite hanging valley hanging wall hardness hazardous waste head erosion headlands heat energy heat of fusion heat of vaporization

ENGLISH SPANISH combustibles fsiles fosilizacin pndulo de Foucault fractura zona de fracturas fragmento marco de referencia frecuencia friccin resistencia al avance frente

gabro; roca gnea intrusiva galaxia galena granate modelo geocntrico polos geogrficos historia geolgica cronologa geolgica geologa geosinclinal accin del glaciar lagos glaciares glaciar gneis yacimiento graduado gradiente grano granito grafito gravilla gravitacin gravedad efecto invernadero diques morena de fondo agua subterrnea guyots yeso

semi-vida, vida media halito valle colgante pared colgante dureza residuo o desecho peligroso erosin de cabecera puntas, cabecera, promontorio energa trmica calor de fusin calor de vaporizacin

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY heliocentric model hematite hiatus high pressure hill slope hornfels hook horizon horizontal horizontal sorting horn hornblende Hubble's Law humid climate humidity hurricane hydration hydrogen hydrologic water cycle hydrosphere hypothesis I ice sheet iceberg identify igneous rock imaginary impermeable imprint incident insolation increase index fossil indicate inference infiltration infrared inner core inorganic insolation intensity intensity of insolation intensity of radiation interaction interface intergrowth interior International Date Line interval intrusion intrusive igneous rock ionosphere irregular galaxies isobar

ENGLISH SPANISH modelo heliocntrico hematita hiato alta presin cuesta, pendiente hornfels (roca metamrfica) gancho horizonte horizontal seleccin horizontal cuerno hornblenda Ley de Hubble clima hmedo humedad huracn hidratacin hidrgeno ciclo hidrolgico del agua hidrosfera hiptesis

capa de hielo iceberg (tmpano de hielo) identificar roca gnea imaginario impermeable huella insolacin incidental aumento fsil gua indicar inferencia infiltracin infrarrojo ncleo interno inorgnic insolacin intensidad intensidad de insolacin intensidad de radiacin interaccin interface entrecrecimiento, intercalado interior lnea internacional de la fecha intervalo intrusin roca gnea intrusiva ionosfera galaxias irregulares isobara

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY isoline isostasy iso-surface isotherm isotopes J jade jet stream jetty joint Jupiter K kame karst topography Kepler's Laws of Motion kettle kinetic energy L laccoliths lagoon land breeze landscape landscape region latent heat lateral erosion lateral fault lateral moraine latitude latitudinal climate patterns lava lava flow lava plateau layer leach leeward length leveling forces light year lignite limestone limonite linear velocity liter lithosphere load local noon loess longitude longshore drift low low pressure (air front) isolnea isostasa iso-superficie isoterma istopo

ENGLISH SPANISH

jade corriente de chorro embarcadero, malecn junta Jpiter

kame, cerro de destrito glacial topografa del Carso Leyes del movimiento de Kepler caldera, marmita energa cintica

lacolitos laguna brisa terrestre, terrenal paisaje regin de paisajes calor latente erosin lateral falla lateral morena lateral latitud patrones climticos latitudinales lava flujo de lava meseta de lava capa, estrato filtrar a sotavento longitud fuerzas niveladoras ao luz lignito piedra caliza limonita velocidad lineal litro litosfera carga medioda local loes longitud deriva martima bajo baja presin (frente de aire)

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY lubricant lunar eclipse luster M mafic magma magnesium magnetic declination magnetism magnetite magnetism magnitude main sequence malachite mantle marble margin marine climate marine terrace maritime polar airmass maritime tropical airmass Mars mass matter mature soil maturity mean solar day meander measurement medial moraine melting meltwater meniscus Mercury meridian mesopause mesosphere Mesozoic Era metallic metamorphic rock metamorphism meteorology meteorology meter metric mica mid-latitude cyclone mid-ocean ridges Milky Way Galaxy milli millibar mineral mode lubricante eclipse lunar brillo, lustre

ENGLISH SPANISH

mafico magma magnesio declinacin magntica magnetismo magnetita magnetismo magnitud secuencia principal malaquita manto mrmol margen clima marino terraza marina masa de aire polar martimo masa de aire tropical martimo Marte masa materia suelo maduro madurez da solar medio meandro medicin morena medial fundir, derretir aguanieve menisco Mercurio (planeta) meridiano mesopausa mesosfera era mesozica metlico roca metamrfica metamorfismo meteorologa meteorologa metro mtrico mica cicln de latitud media cordilleras medio ocenicas galaxia de la Va Lctea mili milibar mineral modo

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY modified Mercalli scale modify Moho Mohorovicic discontinuity moist adiabatic lapse rate moisture monominerallic moraine mountain mouth mud muscovite N natural disaster natural gas natural levees neap tide nebula neutron star Neptune neutral neve (firn) nonconformity non-metallic nonrenewable nonsedimentary rock normal fault North Star O oblate spheroid oblique observation obsidian occluded front oceanography old age olivine oozes orbit orbital speed orbital velocity Ordovician Ordovician Period ore ore deposit organic original horizontality orographic effects orthoclase outcrop outer core outwash

ENGLISH SPANISH escala de Mercali modificada modificar moho discontinuidad de Mohorovicic velocidad de lapso hmedo adiabtico humedad monomineral morena montaa boca lodo, fango moscovita

desastre natural gas natural diques naturales marea alta nebulosa estrella de neutrones Neptuno neutral nev, ventisquero inconformidad, discordancia no metlico no renovable roca no sedimentaria falla directa Estrella del Norte

esferoide oblato oblicuo observacin obsidiana frente ocludo oceanografa edad avanzada olivina cieno, lodo, limo rbitas velocidad orbital velocidad orbital ordvico perodo ordvico mineral depsito mineral orgnico horizontalidad original efectos orogrficos ortoclasa afloramiento ncleo externo acarreo

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY outwash plain oxbow lake oxidation oxygen P Paleozoic Era parallel parallel unconformity parallelism parental rock particulates path pearly luster pebble pelagic peneplane penumbra perigee perihelion period periodtite permeability permeable Permian Period petroleum phase phase change phases (Moon) phosphorescence physical model physical weathering physiographic provinces plagioclase plain planetary winds plate tectonic theory plateau Pluto pluton polar Polaris pollutants pollution polyminerallic pore porosity porous position potassium potential energy potential evapotranspiration powder practically

ENGLISH SPANISH llanura de acarreo brazo muerto oxidacin oxgeno

Era Paleozoica paralelo inconformidad paralela paralelismo roca madre partculas sendero, trayectoria brillo anacarado guijarro pelgico peneplano penumbra perigeo perihelio perodo peridotita permeabilidad permeable Perodo Prmico petrleo fase cambio de fase fases (de la luna) fosforescencia modelo fsico desgaste fsico provincias fisiogrficas plagioclase planicie vientos planetarios teora de las placas tectnicas meseta, altiplano Plutn pluton polar Polar contaminante contaminacin polimineral poro porosidad poroso posicin potasio energa potencial evapotranspiracin potencial polvo prcticamente

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY Precambian Era precipitation pressure gradient primary (P) waves primary rock Prime Meridian principle of original horizontality principle of superposition principle of uniformitarianism probability of occurrence profile prominent psychrometer pulsar pumice P-waves pyrites pyroxene Q quartz quartzite Quaternary Period R radial pattern radiation radiative balance radioactive dating radioactive decay radioactivity radiotelescope rain shadow rare reaction rearrange recede recessional moraine recharge rechrystallization rectangular pattern red giant red-shift reflection refraction regolith related relative age relative geologic time relative humidity remain reptile residual sediment residual soil

ENGLISH SPANISH Era Precambiana precipitacin gradiente de presin ondas primarias (P) rocas primarias Meridiano Primario principio de horizontalidad original principio de superposicin principio de uniformitarianismo probabilidad de ocurrencia perfil prominente psicrmetro pulsar piedra pmez ondas P piritas piroxeno

cuarzo cuarcita Perodo Cuaternario

patrn radial radiacin balance radiativo fechado radioactivo descomposicin radioactiva radioactividad radiotelescopio sombra de lluvia raro reaccin cambio, volver a arreglar receder, retroceder morena recesiva recargar recristalizacin patrn rectangular gigante roja (estrella) corrimiento hacia el rojo reflexin refraccin regolito relativo edad relativa tiempo geolgico relativo humedad relativa resto reptil sedimento residual suelo residual

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY resistance resource retrograde motion reverse fault reversed polarity revolution rhyolite Richter scale ridges rift valleys rip currents rock rock floor rock formation rock resistance rock salt rock-forming minerals rolling rotation rough runoff S saline salinity saltation sandbars sandstone sanitary landfills saturation saturation vapor pressure saturation zone Saturn scalar field scalar quantity scattering schist scratch sea breezes sea cliffs seamounts season seasons secondary wave sediment sedimentary rock sedimentation seismic exploration seismic waves seismograph semicircle senses shadow shale

ENGLISH SPANISH resistencia recurso movimiento retrgrado falla reversa polaridad reversa revolucin riolita escala de Richter cresta fosa tectnica corriente turbulenta roca suelo rocoso formacin de rocas resistencia de la roca sal de roca minerales de formacin de rocas rodante rotacin spero, rugoso escurrimiento

salino salinidad saltacin bancos de arena arenisca vertederos sanitarios saturacin presin de vapor saturante zona de saturacin Saturno campo escalar magnitud escalar dispersin esquiste araazo brisa marina acantilados marinos montaas marinas estacin estaciones onda secundaria sedimento roca sedimentaria sedimentacin exploracin ssmica ondas ssmicas sismgrafo semicrculo sentidos sombra arcilla esquistosa, lutita

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY shallow shield shield cone shoreline sideral / sidereal day sideral / sidereal month silicates silicon-oxygen tetrahedron sill silt siltstone Silurian similarity sink (energy) slate slope smog snow line sodium soil soil association soil horizon soil profile soil solution soil storage solar eclipse solar noon solar system Solar time solid solid wastes solidification solstices soluble solution sorting source (energy) source region span species specific gravity specific heat spectra sphalerite spiral galaxies spit spring tide stratopause stacks stagnant stalactites stalagmites standard star trials Edition of June 2008 (NYS Spanish BETAC)

ENGLISH SPANISH poco profundo escudo cono de escudo costanera, litoral da sideral mes sideral silicatos tetraedro de silicio-oxgeno filn cieno, limo, fango roca de limo, limolita Silrico similitud reserva (de energa) pizarra ladera, pendiente niebla lnea de la nieve sodio suelo asociacin de suelos horizonte del suelo perfil del suelo solucin del suelo reserva del suelo eclipse solar medioda solar sistema solar tiempo solar slido residuos/desechos slidos solidificacin solsticios soluble solucin clasificar, seleccionar fuente (de energa) nacimiento, fuente lapso, duracin especies peso especfico calor especfico espectro esfalerita galaxias espirales banco de arena marea de primavera estratopausa chimeneas, pilares de erosin estancado estalactitas estalagmitas normal pruebas de estrellas 15 of 18

EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY station model stationary front storm surge strata stratified stratosphere streak stream bed stream discharge stream draining pattern striations strip cropping subduction boundary sublimation submarine canyons subsidence sulfur subsoil sundial sunmergence supergiant supernova superposition surf surface currents surplus suspension suspension transport swamp swash S-waves syncline synodic month synpotic weather map T talc talus technology tectonics temperature temperature inversion terminal moraine terraced terrestrial terrestrial motions terrestrial radiation terrigenous tertiary tetragonal system tetrahedron texture thermal pollution thermometer

ENGLISH SPANISH modelo de estacin frente estacionario centro de la tormenta estratos, capas estratificado estratosfera raya, veta lecho de flujo caudal de la corriente (ro) patrn de flujo drenante estriaciones cultivo en franja lmite de subduccin sublimacin caones submarinos sumersin azufre subsuelo reloj de sol salida del sol supergigante supernova superposicin rompeolas corrientes de superficie excedente suspensin transporte de suspensin cinaga oleaje, chapoteo ondas S sinclinal mes sindico mapa de tiempo sinptico

talco talud tecnologa tectnica temperatura inversin trmica morena terminal adosado terrestres movimientos terrestres radiacin terrestre terrgeno terciario sistema tetragonal tetraedro textura contaminacin trmica termmetro

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY thickness till tilted strata tombolo topographic map tornado track transform boundaries transformation transition transition zone transpiration transport transported sediment transported soil transporting system transverse wave trellis pattern trenches trilobite tropopause troposphere trough Tsunamis turbidities turbidity currents turbulent flow typhoon U ultraviolet light ultraviolet radiation umbra unconformity unglazed porcelain plate uniformitarianism unsorted unstable uplifting forces uranium Uranus usage U-shaped valley V valley glacier (alpine glacier) vapor pressure vector field vein velocity Venus vertical rays vibrate visibility

ENGLISH SPANISH espesor sedimento estrato inclinado banco de arena mapa topogrfico tornado sendero lmites transformados transformacin transicin zona de transicin transpiracin transporte sedimento transportado suelo transportado sistema de transportacin onda transversa patrn de enrejado trincheras trilobita tropopausa troposfera fosa de hundimiento tsunami turbideces corrientes de turbidez flujo turbulento tifn

luz ultravioleta radiacin ultravioleta umbra inconformidad placa de porcelana no esmerilada uniformitarianismo desclasificado inestable fuerzas de sostn uranio Urano uso valle en U

glaciar de valle (glaciar alpino) presin de vapor campo vectorial veta velocidad orbital Venus rayos verticales vibrar visibilidad

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EARTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL GLOSSARY visible spectrum vitreous volcanic ash volcanic neck volcano volume V-shaped valley W walking the outcrop waning warm front water budget water cycle water pollution water purification water shed water table water vapor waterspout wave refraction wavelength weather weather forecasting weathering weathering agents wet-bulb depression white dwarf widen wind wind break windward Y year young landscape youth Z zenith zircon zodiac zone of aeration zone of convergence zone of divergence zone of saturation espectro visible vtreo ceniza volcnica cuello volcnico volcn volumen valle en V

ENGLISH SPANISH

recorrer el afloramiento menguante frente clido balance hdrico cclo del agua contaminacin del agua purificacin del agua lnea divisoria de aguas, cuenca nivel fretico vapor de agua manga de agua refraccin de onda longitud de onda estado del tiempo pronstico del tiempo desgaste agentes de desgaste depresin de bulbo hmedo enana blanca ensanche, ampliar viento rompe viento barlovento

ao topografa joven juventud

cnit zirconio zodiaco zona de aeracin zona de convergencia zona de divergencia zona de saturacin

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