Chapter 2: DECOMPOSITION OF POISSON PROBLEMS

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Homework Exercises for Chapter 2 Solutions

EXERCISE 2.1

Written as vectors: grad =

/ x1 / x2 / x3

div = [ / x1

/ x2

/ x3 ]

(E2.4)

hence div T = grad and grad T = div .

EXERCISE 2.2

(a)

Yes. Elimination of e and N gives d dx EA du dx + q = 0, (E2.5)

Thus the correspondence is k E A, q s (or, if you prefer, k E A and q s); u is the same, x1 x and becomes the ordinary differential d. If E is constant, this could be further transformed to (d/d x)(A du/d x) = q/E, although this does not buy much. (b) The diagram is shown in Figure E2.3.

^ u0

^ u(0)=u0

e=du/dx=u'

dN/dx+q=N'+q=0 ^ N(L)=NL

N=EAe

^ NL

Figure E2.3. Tonti diagram for bar problem. Here prime denotes derivative respect to x.

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EXERCISE 2.3

Solutions to Exercises

(a)

ST consists of AD and BC, and Sq consists of AB and C D. Mathematically: ST : AD BC, Sq : AB C D. Because of geometry and B.C.s, x1 = 0 is a symmetry plane. That is, T (x1 , x2 ) = T (x1 , x2 ). Hence the normal temperature gradient gn = T /n = T / x1 vanishes there and so does the ux. Consequently one can reduce the problem to one half by placing the boundary condition q = 0 on x1 = 0.

(b) (c)

Elimination of g and q yields (kT ) = 0. If k is constant it can be moved out as a factor: k T = k 2 T = 0. Hence 2 T = 0 and the temperature distribution satises Laplaces equation. It is easily checked that T = 100x2 /3 satises the Laplaces equation (any linear function would) as well as the temperature boundary conditions on ST . It does not satisfy, however, the zero-ux conditions on Sq . For example on AB qn = (k/ 2)(100/3) = 0. Therefore that guess temperature distribution is not the exact solution of the boundary value problem.

EXERCISE 2.4

There are several solutions. Two of them are shown in Figure E2.3 and E2.4. The second one is more in the spirit of Tontis dual diagrams for the potentials.

=C on S

= M/(GJ) J calculated from solution

g =
0 = 1 1 g 0

0 1

1 + 2G = 0 0

not used

empty

Figure E2.3. Tonti diagram for St.-Venant torsion problem.

=C on S

= M/(GJ) J calculated from solution

= = grad

+ 2G = 0 not used

empty

"flux variable"

Figure E2.4. Alternative Tonti diagram for St.-Venant torsion problem.

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Chapter 2: DECOMPOSITION OF POISSON PROBLEMS

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EXERCISE 2.5

^ =

= v v=m

m = ^ m.n= mn ^ mn

Figure E2.5. Tonti diagram for potential ow problem.

EXERCISE 2.6

^ =

= E E=D E D

D = ^ D.n = Dn ^ Dn

Figure E2.3. Tonti diagram for electrostatics problem.

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