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Power Supply

Adjustable Speed Drive

ZS
Voltage Sensors [Ih]

Generated Harmonic Currents [Ih] Protection Circuit Load Current Sensors

Load

IL

Filter Current Sensor IF Energy Storage Element

Cdc
Power Converter

Vdc
A/D PWM Modulation Inner Current Controller

IF
A/D

IL
A/D Shunt Active Power Filter

+ + dc-Voltage Controller

Harmonic Detection Method Harmonic Current Reference Generator

DSP Software

Hardware

Boost Inductor LF

1
One-line diagram of a shunt active filter in a feed-forward configuration with an adjustable speed drive as load. The diagram
IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE JULY|AUG 2007 WWW.IEEE.ORG/IAS

shows the placement of the harmonic detection block in the APF control.

Figure 1 shows a typical diagram of a shunt APF for an adjustable speed drive (ASD) application. The harmonic detection method has the task of detecting the harmonic currents/voltages that have to be compensated by the APF; hence, a reliable method must be used. Once the harmonics are detected, they are given as reference signals to the inner current/voltage controller, which has the task of producing an output signal identical to its reference. There are numerous published references that describe different topologies and different algorithms used for active filtering. Most of them present a single type of harmonic detection method implemented in an APF which mitigates the existing harmonics according to the initial expectations. Therefore, it is difficult to assess if the overall performance of the APF is due to the selected harmonic detection method or due to another design choice. There are also publications [1][8] that explain and compare different harmonic detection methods, describing their advantages and drawbacks by giving as final indices the dynamics, the total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction, the inverter efficiency, or the cost of the entire active filter. Usually, the comparisons are made between different APF topologies, each being considered as a whole unit, where only the implemented harmonic detection method is stressed out and the rest of the control is left behind [1][5]. However, the inner and outer loop controllers may have different performances depending on tuning, which influ-

ence also the harmonic compensation. Consequently, the comparison between different APFs that use different harmonic detection methods is not a direct effect of only the performance of the used harmonic detection block, but also of the quality of the existing controllers. This article analyzes the harmonic detection methods decoupled from the entire APF structure in order to reveal its contribution. At first, the work summarizes the theoretical background of several commonly used harmonic detection methods for APFs. The actual study contributes to the existing comparisons in [1][8] by adding a new trend in harmonic detection by using resonant controllers. Then, as an investigation this article extends the existing comparisons in [2] with a proposed simulation study. The study separates the harmonic detection method from the APF control and studies its behavior with respect to the detection accuracy of a specific harmonic component. The input signal from sensors is replaced with a prior known signal, artificially constructed, by summing different known characteristic harmonics to the fundamental frequency. Thus, the output obtained from each analyzed harmonic detection method is recorded and compared to the input harmonic signal. The results indicate that the choice of numerical filters is a key factor for obtaining good accuracies and dynamics. Finally, the conclusions are compared with respect to

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