SEXUAL HARASSMENT

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION TO GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING EDU 430

PREPARED BY: NUR ATIKAH BINTI NOORDI 2009402644 NORDINA ATHIRAH BINTI HALIM 2009465754 WAN MOHD FAZRIN BIN WAN HUSSIEN 2009608144 PREPARED FOR: ASSOC PROF HJ THANTHAWI JAUHARI HJ AHMAD DATE OF SUBMISSION: 10 APRIL 2012

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1.0 INTRODUCTION Of late, we often heard in radios, televisions, newspapers and other mass media or electronic talk about sexual harassment issues. This matter will become very critical if we not taking any remedial action in preventing it. According to Oxford Students Dictionary of English (2001, pg 303) harassment is a noun for harass that refers to action to annoy or worry by doing unpleasant things to him or her, especially over a long time. While sexual harassment defined as repeated unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. From the above statement unwelcome is a key in determining whether sexual harassment occurs or not. This unwelcome behavior falls into some categories, which are: I. II. III. IV. Relates to your gender or sexuality. Is intentional and or repeated. Is unwanted and not returned. Interferes with your ability to do your job, or has an effect on your working conditions (Gonzales & Kleiner, 1999) A behavior that enjoyed or welcome, such as two students enjoying "flirting" with each other, were not called as sexual harassment. The concept of sexual harassment is relatively new; the term was coined in the 1960s. According to Wyatt (2000) sexual harassment existed prior to the sixties, people had no way to talk about it since there was no term by which to name the experience. Sexual harassment is an ethical issue primarily because it harms others (Keyton and Rhodes, 1997). It is because if the victims cannot handle it, it can harm their emotion and cause traumatic. Additionally the fact that

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harassment has become a legal issue simply confirms its ethical foundation. In other words, sexual harassment creates such harmful consequences that it must be brought the attention of both parties (harasser and victim) by providing legislation to make it legally wrong. School also didnt miss facing this problem. This gives an impression that the school as an institution that noble in creating human capital and moral knowledge was also not spared in facing this disorders. In Malaysia, sexual harassment didnt have a specific act for harasser that does sexual harassment. But, if these issues occur, we can still refer it at Code of Practice. These codes have been established by the Human Resources in 1999 in which act as guideline for references. Other than that, there were some also Non Government Organization (NGO) that oppose sexual harassment which is JAG (Kumpulan Tindakan Bersama Menentang Keganasan Terhadap Wanita), Sisters in Islam, Women Aid Organization and much more. From all that have been explained, it can be concluded that, sexual harassment should not been taking light, we should prevent it before it cause others social issues to occur. The victim should be taking a treatment in overcoming it.

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2.0 2.1 DEFINITION OF TERMS Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when submission to such conduct is made a term or condition of employment or participating in educational programs or submission to or rejection of such conduct is used as a basis for employment or academic decisions affecting the individual or such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an employee's work performance or student's academic performance creating an intimidating , hostile, or offensive working or learning environment. In academic concept, sexual harassment can be classified in form of threat and uncomfortable environment. This is behavior also defined as quid pro quo when it is not desired, characterized by sex, and become conditions to make decision on the student' conditions to make a decision on the students academic status. Uncomfortable environment is behavior in class, sidewalk of class or hostel can disturb other person to study (Hajah Sabita Merican& Rusimah Sayuti, 2003) In book Sexual Harassment, based on Abdul Rashid, sexual harassment is sex behavior that not willing by victim. Sexual harassment is one situation that cannot be accepted either in verbal, physical or sexual signals. Nondiscriminatory explanation made by a person that interferes with other students also sexual harassment that can make student feel threatened, humiliated, shame, fooled, inviolable dignity. Sexual coercion directly affect on student academic. For example student should give sex service to their teacher for get extra or great mark in examination or they have failed if not give
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him. Sexual annoyance is sexual behaviors that are considered as threats, intimidation and humiliation, but has no direct relevance to the academic benefits. However, this behavior created a climate of peace to the victims who had suffered. 2.2 Code of practice Code of practice defines sexual harassment as any conduct of sexual nature and unwanted effects as interference whether verbal, non-verbal, visual, psychological, or physical. There were 2 categories such as sexual coercion and sexual annoyance. Example of sexual harassment visually such as words, comments, jokes, sound teases and question in form of threat or sexual suggestion. Next, non verbal likes view, glance, which implies an intent or desire, licking lips or holding or eating food with seductive manner. Then visual sex harass are show, draw, write letters, exposing private parts. The dangerous way is physically when they done unwanted touch, patting, pinching, stroking, brushing the body and kissed. They also sexual harassment in psychologically like repeat invitations is not accepted socially, relentless proposals for together or kissing. Aim of this code of practice to prevent and eliminate sexual harassment at school or work and have been launched from 1999. It is provide guidance to the school administration and employers on the establishment of internal mechanisms at the enterprise level to prevent and eradicate sexual harassment in schools and workplaces

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3.0 3.1 ELABORATION OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT History of Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment is one of the most common forms of Violence against Women. Sexual harassment defined as receiving any unwanted conduct of a sexual nature including sexual comments, fondling, lewd gestures, jokes, emails, sms, pornographic pictures, coercion and more. Women are sexually harassed habitually in public and especially at the workplace. In the workplace, sexual harassment is seldom recognized or linked to the broader issue of Violence against Women and discrimination. Some two decades, after federal courts first recognized sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination, debate still continuous about what sexual harassment is why it might be sex discrimination and what law can and should do about it. This conversation still continuous to make sure new policy can make over time. In Malaysia, a 2002 study conducted by AWAM and Womens Development Collective (WDC) found that 35% of respondents in Malaysia had experienced one or more forms of sexual harassment. Sexual harassment consists of a wide range of behaviors and actions, most common of these are verbal forms of harassment such as jokes, obscene language and suggestive remarks. Many consider these harmless and victims are often accused of over-reacting. Studies show that survivors of sexual harassment are more likely to be in the lower rungs of the company i.e. in subordinate positions.

Studies show that survivors are mostly likely to not take any action due to fear of reprisal. There is currently no Malaysian law criminalizing sexual harassment. There is only a

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Code of Practice on the Prevention and Eradication of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, launched in 1999 by the Ministry of Human Resources. Legal action can be taken under other provisions in the Penal Code, Employment Act 1955, and the Industrial Relations Act 1967.Sexual harassment can be very traumatizing for women resulting in emotional stress, low productivity and damaged self-esteem.

3.2

What is sexual harassment? According to AWAM sexual harassment is one of the most of violence against women.

Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome verbal, non-verbal, visual, psychological or physical conduct of a sexual nature including sexual comments, fondling, gestures, jokes, emails, messaging, pornography pictures, coercion and more. From Womens Centre For Change, sexual harassment is any behavior that intentionally sexual in nature and is not required, invited or requested. It includes a touch, pinch, comments about the appearance of a persons body, whistling, continuous pleasing to go out with or for an intimate relationship, or showing pornographic pictures. In sexual harassment also has the category like sexual coercion and sexual annoyance.

3.3

Categories of sexual harassment

3.3.1 Sexual coercion Sexual coercion is a type of harassment, which has directed in some consequence to the academic of the victim. Example, a student needs to go out with teacher to get a position in school or want to get good marks. If the student rejects the invitation the benefits are denied.

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3.3.2 Sexual annoyance Sexual annoyance is also known as hostile environment sexual harassment. It is a behavior that can humiliate and unwelcome sexually, hostile or intimidating to the victim, but has no benefits to the victim. However, annoying behavior creates an uncomfortable environment, which affects the victims mood to go to school, focusing in class and socialize with friends. Nevertheless, the definition of subjective words like unwelcome, offensive and annoying still refers to the individual interpretation.

3.4

Type of sexual harassment

3.4.1 Verbal harassment A verbal harassment is in oral form of the harassment. it including uncomfortable and offensive teasing, joking, questioning, jesting or making suggestive remarks or sounds, or verbal wordplay. 3.4.2 Non-verbal harassment A grinning with indecent overtone, sexual activity or desire denoted by hand signal, lips licking or away of eating and persistent flirting. 3.4.3 Visual harassment A drawing about sex, pornographic photo, multimedia message system (mms) and naked picture of women or men or other sex based writing like messaging or letter. 3.4.4 Psychological harassment Harms a persons psychological well being and includes continues inviting for dates, repeated undesirable physical intimacy or social invitations.

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3.4.5 Physical harassment Is an unpleasant action such as touching of an intimate body parts, patting, pinching, stroking, brushing up against the body, hugging, kissing, fondling and sexual assault.

3.5

Why women are victims of sexual harassment Sexual harassment can be occurring to anyone regardless of gender and age. It can be to

man or woman. However, woman always is a victim to sexual harassment. A study conducted by All Womens Action Society Malaysia (AWAM) and Womens Development Collective (WDC) found that 35% of respondents in Malaysia had experienced one or more forms of sexual harassment. Sexual harassment towards woman is a common and has been recorded since first women to enter the labor market (Source of Sexual Shakedown: The Sexual Harassment of women on the job, Lin Farley, 1978). This means sexual harassment against women is not a something new, but it is something old. Farley said that the sexual harassment is a new method developed by men in controlling women. Data says that most victims of sexual harassment, as is often expressed that, men have power over women in society. Because of the men power, they misuse of power to get the profit sexual from women. Based on Sandra S. Tangri, Marth R. Burt and Leanor B. Johnson there are have three theory that women as a victim.

3.5.1 Biology theory Sexual behavior is an expression of action of sexual hormones and women, where men viewed have a stronger sex desires. Hormone testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and is found in human. Testosterone is primarily sex hormones for men. they are

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look at women as a place to settle their sex drive until they are willing to exploit women everywhere, regardless of body shape, place and time. 3.5.1 Sociocultural theory It is about the culture of a nation that put men in the top of position in hierarchy while women in the lowest hierarchical level. Based on Dr. Jamal A. Badawi, 2008 in his book in Athens, the position of women always be lower sides. They are like a subject to the male. It was occurring because the system developed by a system that put them as two parties that are not equivalent. 3.5.1 Organization theory This theory is an assumption towards structure differentiation like relationship between students and teachers. Then there who are feel that at higher position take this opportunity to harass those who are lower than he or she.

3.6

Steps to prevent sexual harassment If the victim faces on this situation, there are, many steps can do to avoid them to be

sexual harassment victims forever. From this assault, the victims will be uncomfortable and feel unsafe at everywhere especially in public. The harasser will be braver to continue his or her action towards the victims. Sexual harassment victims not only woman but also sometimes it occur to man too. Although, the victims has martial arts to prevent their self but it is not enough to them to avoid from be a sexual harassment. There are we have some suggestions to cope sexual harassment without using violence.

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3.6.1 Individual The victim need immediately object the behavior and make clear to the harasser that you do not like what he or she is doing. To avoid any miscommunication, make sure you are clear and direct. Do not apologize or smile. It shows that you are really means it. Keep written record of each incident. Describe the incident in full detail and note the date, time, witnesses, evidence if any, and place the harassment happens. Look around you to see if there are any witnesses and evidence. It is good to the victim to lodge report to police, or complaining to school administrator. Tell someone immediately after it happens. It is better to tell this incident to your close friends, teachers that you feel can trust you and help you. In addition, you also can seek their advice and let them know exactly what happened. It will be better, if you can speak to principal about it. Therefore, the school administrator can take a fast action against the harasser. It is can avoid the sexual harassment in school spread out to another students or staffs. The last action that the victim can take is not alone in a quiet place. If the victim was alone in the quiet, place it gives harasser the opportunity to do immoral action. Besides that, the student needs to avoid study at school after school time. If it really needs you to stay at school after school time, make sure your friends know about it. Other that that, the harasser will be attract to the victim from their attitudes. Sometimes be welcoming and friendly can misunderstanding by others. In addition, the friendliness does not mean we speak to how we need to avoid tempting and diction spoiled and flirtatious. If we know any friends, teachers or staffs who are prone to do sexual harassment, both in style and in conservation, so it better to communicate with only for academic or important purposes only.

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3.6.2 School The school counselor also can conduct varieties activity to enlighten students about sexual harassment. The school can hold a seminar at school. The objective of the seminar can be to aware students about what sexual harassment it is. Other than that, the school also can do exhibition about the sexual harassment. In this seminar and exhibition, students can know what the sexual harassment and precaution steps to avoid sexual harassment. The principal may recommend that each schools students learn martial arts to defend themselves when these things happen. There many martial arts teach at school such as silat, taekwando, karate and silambam. Student can choose what they want learn as long as they can apply it during in emergency. The teachers and prefects can co-operate each other for control the place that rarely passes by students at the school. The place that rarely students passes by like are old building, store, field etc. 3.6.3 Parents Parents also play important role to overcome the sexual harassment. Parents can teach their children about what the sexual harassment. The parents also need to teach them from the infant. So, that their children are able to identify the current situation of sexual harassment occurred and act swiftly to avoid becoming victims of sexual harassment. Parents also can use parental control at home computer to avoid their child surf what are not proper to them. Parents need observe their son from download or watch pornography in internet. Meanwhile, buy your daughter that proper attire and not too sexy. If your daughter wears sexy clothes, it may invite the harasser to harass your daughter. As parents, you need be as a close friend to your children. So you can monitor what they do, know who their friends, and where they go.

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3.7 Impact of the sexual harassment

3.7.1 Individual Impact on the most significant we can see is in terms of student academic achievement. Victims tend to isolate themselves, to avoid coming school, have lower levels of concentration (focus) in class, cannot work together with students, and get lower marks in test or exam. If they continue to behave as they will drop out in their studies. For a student academic is very important to determine their future. From psychology aspects, victims may show symptoms like headache, and having not enough sleep because often having nightmares. The victims will weight loss because they had no appetite to eat. Effects of social suffered by the victim caused the victim to isolate from the society. These feelings occur from low self-esteem for victims of sexual harassment, so feel worthless and are not eligible to socialize with friends and teachers. They also will fear and suspicious to other people especially to the same gender with the harasser. Feeling of fear is the one of the emotional impact that the victim suffered. Meanwhile, fear appears in the form of fear to some particular like place, person or situation. In addition, victims have always been a paranoid to certain people like strangers and in a foreign place. If the victim does not go to get a treatment from counselor, they will effect their mental. The victims may traumatic with the incident. It is due to the painful, sad, and heavy experience. Therefore, the victim difficult to forget the incident and it can disturb the peace, concentration, and stability of mental so that it can interfere with daily activities. Another very serious effect is social rejection. The victim is separated communicated society. For the victim, familys victim or schools victim feel burden the action required are concealing things that experienced by victim from the public.

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3.7.2 School With the occurrence of sexual harassment in schools is like giving effect to the reputation of the school. In addition, it makes the other students are afraid to go to school. It may possible the parents, communities and government itself will criticize the school administration. If the school is a boarding school, it will cause the students who want to choose the school for further studies cancel it because insistence of the parent. Besides that, the students will also become an object of ridicule to other students who come from the different schools. 3.7.3 Parents Parents have high expectation to school to develop their children and teach them to be useful person in future. When parents get a bad news that their children are victims of the sexual harassment it may shocked them too much. Its like killed the expectation towards school as academic institution. Some of the parents also put on blame to them. They thought they fail to teach their children how to avoid the bitter incidents. After the sad incident, parents will also have a character who was afraid to let their children are apart from them. They will control all acts of their children without the children like it or not.

3.8

Reasons why victims reluctant to report sexual harassment As the effects to the victims, they are afraid to report the harasser to the authorities like

police. The victim feels fear, suspicion, and trauma also community rejection from the community. They are fear of exposure the public. They think if they report the sexual harassment to the police, this issue will know by the public. They also have financial problem. They need money to pay a lawyer to fight the case in court. Fee to pay to lawyer is too expensive, so they are cannot afford to pay it and they are willing to just stay silent. In the school, there is no policy

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or guidelines to refer s procedures to complain the sexual harassment. The victims also lost confident in the existing procedure. They afraid that their secret will be expose to public. Finally yet importantly, they are fear that the harasser will be act more wildly to them. The harasser will usually threaten victims not to tell anyone, including his or her close friends. It makes the victim lives in fear and make the harasser act more boldly again.

3.9

Law in Malaysia

Sexual harassment is a critical issue in Malaysia. Even thought, it is a critical issue but still regarded as an isolated case in our society. This may due to the victims of shame and fear to come forward with their cases to justice and the authority or the common perception that considers the act is nothing but a prank or joke. According to Deputy Minister of Women, Family and Community Development, Noriah Kasnon(2011) this the phenomenon led to the effort to help victims are difficult task in the World Health Organization (WHO) study in 2005 among 25000 women from 10 countries, said 55 to 95 percent of physically abused by the spouse did not turn to the police, non-governmental organizations(NGOs) or seek shelter. Consequently, the victims suffer continuing without the attention of the community and adequate protection thus resulting in mental, emotional and health problems. 3.9.1 Code of Practice Thus, an increasing number of cases involving sexual harassment require initiative and resolute commitment to the special act of sexual harassment in our country should be implemented immediately to prevent the act of sexual harassment. In addition, through the provision of the Act may punish offenders with fines and determine the victim can claim appropriate

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compensation. As of today, the nation has a Code of Practice on Prevention and Eradication of Sexual Harassment Act 1999, which is the only specific guideline used for the purpose of dealing with problems related to sexual harassment. However, the Code of Practice is used as a guide for employers and employees only and has no legal status but not the act or regulations under any particular act. 3.9.2 Penal Code Sexual harassment is defined as behavior by unwanted sexual including orally, acts, visual, psychological or physical. This includes the act that causes a disruption of female students or female teachers at school by action, verbal and non-verbal that contains pornography. This action are really immoral and serious and for the offense under the Penal Code also provided for under Section 354 for molesting, the intruders will be imprisonment for ten years or fine or canning. Penal Code section 509 is for intending to insult the modesty of any women, utters any words, makes any sound, gesture, or exhibit any object shall be punished with imprisonment for a team, which may extend to five years or with fine or both. Meanwhile, to Penal Code section 376(2) is for raping if the subject convicted, they will be imprisonment for thirty years and canning. It is proves that the sexual harassment is a serious act and should not be underestimated. Even so, the specific Act of sexual harassment should be established and enacted immediately.

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4.0 4.1 DISCUSSION AND SUGGESTION Data collection

Our group have distributed questionnaires to 30 respondents from Faculty of Education, UiTM Seksyen 17. The respondents are select randomly at Tesl Square.

Students knowing about Sexual Harassment in School

number of students
25 20 15 10 5 0 Series1 yes 22 no 8

FIGURE 1 Figure one shows above Students knowing about sexual harassment in schools. From the above we can see 73.33% students aware of it, while 26.67% did not know about it. In my opinion, those who did not know about sexual harassment maybe not because they did not aware about it, maybe because they did not know sexual harassment is what actually.

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Kind's of Sexual Harassments that student's often saw male students on

7%

13% 24%
16% 20% 9% 11%

female students female students on male students male students and male students female students on female students teachers on students other staff members on students

FIGURE 2 Above figure show about kinds about sexual harassment, that students often saw. From the above pie chart, we can see that the higher choice that students often see is male students on female students, which is 24%. Followed by female students on female students, which is about 20%. The rare sexual harassment that students often saw is staff members on staff members, which is 7% only. Overall, about this pie chart, sexual harassment not only faces by female students but also male students.

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Student's prefference about place of Sexual Harassment

in the hall
25%

13%

in a classroom on school grounds outside the school in or near the field

18%

13%

31%

in the canteen

FIGURE 3 Next, the above donuts chart shows about students preference about place they often saw the sexual harassment occurred. The hottest place they often saw was in a classroom, 31%. Followed by in the canteen, this is about 25%. The rarest place for this to happen is in the hall and in or near the field, which is 13% respectively. From that, what we can say that, the hottest place most sexual place to happen were at a close place rather than open place like hall. In my opinion, the most place to happened no matter whether its were in open or close place, if it were a quite place this will lead sexual harassment to occur.

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Victim's takes an action toward Harasser

25 20 15 10 5 0 yes no Series1

FIGURE 4 From the above figure it show about students choice whether victims takes an action toward harasser or not. From the data that have been, calculated 21 respondents said yes while 9 respondents said no. In my opinion, when someone facing sexual harassment they should take some action towards harasser. If they fail to do so, I am afraid the harasser will still interrupt them in future.

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30 25 20 15 10 5 0

number of students

24 13 16

24 13

Series1

Ignored it Complaining to school administrators Told 'harasser' to stop Complaining to someone outside the school Went along with it

Victim's action went facing

FIGURE 5 Figures 5, show about victims action went facing harasser. The action is most picking up by students are complaining to school administrators and complained to someone outside the school (e.g. a parent or friend) which is 24 respondents. The rarest choose by respondents are ignored it and went along with it which is 13 respondents. As for me, those actions taken by victims were due to they want to protect themselves and did not want to become victims anyway. It is because, if they did not solve it faster, this will affect their future and cause them live in trauma.

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School administrators actions when sexual harassment cases are reported

25 20 15 10 5 0

rank

Action was taken against the harasser Remediation was provided to the harasser Support was provided to the harasser Charge was found to be true Nothing happened Do not know what happened.

FIGURE 6 Above figure is about school administrators action when there were cases about sexual harassment reported. The figures show that the most action that frequently taken by school administrators is action taken against the harasser and remediation provided to the harasser. This shows that school administrators also involve in preventing sexual harassment from expanding widely in school. If there no action against it, I am afraid that this will that school in future.

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Victim's reason not taking any actions towards Harasser

rank 8th: didn't want to hurt Harasser rank 7th: thought it would make him or rank 6th: ddin't think anyone would rank 5th: was afraid the harasser would rank 4th: didn't think anything would be rank 3rd: didn't think it was necessary to rank 2nd: didn't know what to do rank 1st: to too embarrassed Rank 1: waswasembarrassed 0 5

Series1

10

Rank 5: was afraid the harasser

15 20 25 30

Rank 2: didnt know what to do Rank 3: didnt think it was necessary to report

would get even. Rank 6: Did not think anyone would be done. Rank 7: thought it would make him or her uncomfortable with the harasser. Rank 8: Did not want to hurt the harasser.

Rank 4: didnt think anything would be done

FIGURE 7 Figures 7, shows about ranking from most preferred by students to least preferred by students. From the bar graph at above it shows that was too embarrassed as first ranking that got 26 votes. Then followed by did not know what to do as second ranking with 18 votes. The least
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preferred by students as victims action at ranking eight, was did not want to hurt the harasser with 26 votes. From the data, we concluded that mostly victims afraid to make any report or actions towards harasser. This may be due to they have been threaten by the harasser or afraid that the harasser will take revenge towards them. 4.1 Treatment by counseling approach For getting more detailed about treatment that we need give to the sexual harassment, we do an interview with Nor Hidayah binti Abd Radzaz. She is studying at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai. She has qualification in Bachelor of Psychology Industrial & Organisational Psychology, 2011 and now she had further study in PhD of Psychology. In this interview, we were asking about which treatment that suitable to cure the victims of sexual harassment. To female student, after they are be a victim of sexual harassment they will be traumatic or phobia. If the guardian late to go to find the treatment, they will tend to take revenge and hating to the gender of the harasser. Although, the victim always said that they are fine it is actually wrong. The victim need to go to see therapist. The victim is suitable to receive cognitive behavior therapy. This type of treatment is especially for sexual harassment kind. This therapy also known as cognitive processing treatment. In this treatment, the victim would be made to come face to face with the incident. The counselor need not undergo harassment all over again of course, but to talk and think about it. The goal of this treatment is to just make the victim talk about the incident. This is to avoid the victim feel depressed and developing PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder). PTSD is a severe anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to any event that results in psychological trauma. PTSD include re-experiencing the original trauma through flashbacks or
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nightmares, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and increase arousal. Such as difficult sleep, anger, and hypervigilance (enhanced state of sensory sensitivity accompanied exaggerated intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to detect threats). The effects for those who are not going to the treatment can lead to drug and alcohol abuse. It was because they want to forget the incident but in wrong way. They also can experience dysfunctional behavior. Dysfunctional behavior is past traumas affect the victim behavior. Like panic attacks to depression, from phobias to explosive anger. It is the physical body and in consequence, our behavioral patterns that carry the burden. Behavioral imbalances that occur because of prolonged stress are the same as a warning light on the dashboard of a car, telling us that something needs attention. Basically, the treatment just like to get out of the victims chest.

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5.0 CONCLUSION In Educational system, students are present to acquire knowledge, while teacher were responsible for teaching students as good as possible. This is where teachers gathering together with students by working together to develop mental knowledge for constructing our country infrastructure in future. Therefore, we need to take this sexual harassment seriously so that students in respectful learning environment for each other without unnecessary interference. Otherwise, it also will help to stimulate and develop the intellectual performance of students. By doing this way, our academic institutions not only will produced students with a good intelligence quotient (IQ) but also in their behavioral, ethical and moral. This factor is essential in provided in producing a good leaders in near future. This sexual harassment need to prevent quickly before it become unavoidable. This is like kind of disease, it need to be cure or else it will cause many problems in future. Preventing is better than curing. Next, sexual harassment is a critical problem faced by all people both female and male, especially in school or workplace. According to Abdul Rahim(2003), it can be associated with issues related to human rights, crime and discrimination. Its get feedback from many parties, especially women organizations, trade unions, human rights organization, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international organizations.

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6.0 REFERENCES

1. Cabul pelajar: mahkamah kekalkan penjara empat tahun. Retrieved March 21, 2012, from http://mstar.com.my/berita/cerita.asp?file=/2006/1/18/TERKINI/Mutakhir/Cabul_pelajar _Mahkamah_kekalkan_penjara_empat_tahun&sec=mstar_berita

2. Dysfunctional behavior. retrieved April 9, 2012, from http://quantumpsychotherapy.com/#/dysfunctional-behaviour/4534001324

3. Guide against sexual harassment (Malaysia). Retrieved March 28, 2012, from http://www.pinoyabroad.net/img_upload/9bed2e6b0cc5701e4cef28a6ce64be3d/Guide_Against_SEXUAL HARASSMENT__Malaysia_.pdf

4. Guru disiplin didakwa cabul 11 pelajar. Retrieved March 20, 2012, from http://www.hmetro.com.my/articles/Gurudisiplindidakwacabul11pelajar/Article/

5. Harassment and sexual harassment. Retrieved March 20, 2012, from http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/adb/ll_adb.nsf/pages/adb_harassment

6. Hypervigilance. Retrieved April 9, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervigilance 7. Joanna, G. (2003). What should happen when sexual harassment victims dont file prompt complaints? A court weighs in. Accessed on 18 March 2012, from http://writ.news.findlaw.com/grossman/20030408.html

8. Nor Fazlina. A. Rahim. (2012). Pensel dalam kemaluan mangsa rogol. Accessed on 20 March 2012, from http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/Penseldalamkemaluanmangsarogol/Article/

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9. Nota murid bongkar rahsia cikgu gila seks. Retrieved March 28, 2012, from http://aidanatasya.com/nota-murid-bongkar-rahsia-cikgu-gila-seks/ 10. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Retrieved April 9, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder

11. What is sexual harassment?. Retrieved March 28, 2012, from http://www.awam.org.my/sexualh.html

12.What is sexual harassment?. Retrieved March 19, 2012, from http://www.adcq.qld.gov.au/pubs/sexharr.html

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7.0 APPENDIXES 7.1 Quetionnaires
Instructions: Read this definition of sexual harassment and then answer each question as best you can. Sexual harassment is unwanted and unwelcome sexual behavior that interferes with your school life. Sexual harassment is not behaviors that you like or want (such as wanted kissing, touching, or flirting). A. Background information Gender: ( ) Female Age Part : : course: ( ) male

B. Please tick () at space that has been provided: 1. Do you know sexual harassment that have happened at your school? ( ) Yes ( ) No If yes, what kind of harassment was it? (Rank it in ascending order) ( ) male students on female students ( ) female students on male students ( ) male students and male students ( ) female students and female students ( ) teachers on students ( ) other staff members on students ( ) staff members on staff members 2. Where did the instances have you heard of the sexual harassment? (tick only 3) ( ) in the hall ( ) in a classroom ( ) on school grounds outside the school (other than the parking lot) ( ) in or near the field ( ) in the canteen 3. In the cases that you know about, what did the victims do? ( tick on 3) ( ) ignored it ( ) complaining to school administrators ( ) told the harasser to stop ( ) complained to someone outside the school (e.g. a parent or friend) ( ) went along with it

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4. What happened when cases of harassment were reported to school administrators? ( rank) ( ) charge was found to be true ( ) support was provided to the victim ( ) remediation was provided to the harasser ( ) action was taken against the harasser ( ) action was taken against the victim ( ) nothing happened ( ) do not know what happened 5. Does the victim takes an action towards harasser? ( ) Yes ( ) No 6. If yes, what kind of his or her action? State the action _________________ 7. If no, why do you think he or she did nothing? ( ) ( ) didnt know what to do ( ) didnt want to hurt the harasser ( ) didnt think it was necessary to report ( ) was too embarrassed ( ) didnt think anything would be done ( ) didnt think anyone would believe him or her ( ) was afraid the harasser would get even ( ) thought it would make him or her uncomfortable with the harasser Instructions: fill out the survey honestly as possible. 1= very often 2= often 3= occasionally

4=rarely

5= never

8. Have any of the following things happened to at school when you did not want them to? 1 2 3 4 5 I have been the target of sexual comments, jokes, teasing, gestures, or looks I have had my clothing pulled in a sexual way. I have had sexual rumors spread about me. I have had my way blocked in a sexual way. I have been touched, grabbed, or pinched in a sexual way. I have been shown or given sexual pictures, photographs, illustrations, messages, or notes. i. I have been physically intimidated by another student. j. I have stayed home or cut a class because I felt intimidated. k. I have felt unsafe in school. l. I have been penalized, threatened, or further harassed as a result of complaining about or reporting sexual harassment. no. a. b. c. d. f. g. 30

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7.2 Sexual harassment at school

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7.3 Interview

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Name : Nor Hidayah Binti Abd Radzaz Age : 23

Qualification :Bachelor Psychology (Industrial & Organisational Psychology), (2011) University : Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor : PhD Researcer UTM

Occupation Emel

: hidea_akatsuki@yahoo.com.my

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