TABLE OF CONTENTS

Kesehatan Reproduksi: Ruang Lingkup dan Kompleksitas Masalah Muhadjir Darwin Reproductive health covers a number of elements that related to sexual activities and reproductive processes. The clinical aspects of the reproductive health are indeed important. Yet, its social aspects are not less significant due to its complexity and difficulty for making a solution. Many social problems associated with reproductive health, such as unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, STD/AIDS, side-effects of contraceptive uses, etc., have grown to be more crucial and call for serious attention from social scientists as well as policy makers. This paper specifically addresses this issue by elaborating this scope and complexity of reproductive health matters in an Indonesian context.

Kasus "Kumpul" Sebelum Kawin: Trend dan Karakteristik Individu Sri Handayani Hanum Based on the age groups like, the last age, the first age group, and the marriage age, the proportion of the youth who get involved in premarital sexual relationship is evidently increasing from year to year. This has led to the emergence of various problems connected with unprotected sexuality and reproductive health of the youth. Up to 76.1 percent

cases of premarital sexual activities were first carried out between age limits 71-21 years. Most of them involved students of high school and tertiary institutions. There is a tendency that the higher the level of education, the higher will be the degree of permissiveness towards premarital sexual relationship. Most of the new marriages involve pregnant cases of between 3-6 months. The proportion of premarital sex cases is higher in the urban areas compared to the rural areas compared to the rural areas.

Labor and Social Insecurity Gerben Nooteboom For many people in developing counties, survival is problematic and life means a constant fight to secure access to resources. Life is insecure, the future unpredictable and social organization and opportunities are changing fast within the dynamics of the society. For survival, a minimum of basic needs is unsure for many people in the word. You could say that insecurity and risk are some of the main characteristics of human existence.

Jaminan Sosial Dalam Transisi Faturochman As a poor reliever, social security has been effective in nature but economically inefficient. In developed countries, it has had a tendency to be more efficient in the recent years. While formal social security provided by the state is very

limited, informal social security in Indonesia has cut back as is indicated by intervention by the authorities, commoditization and monetization. The changing of social security in developed countries as well as in Indonesia angers vulnerable people.

Pengembangan Sumber Daya Wanita Dalam Menghadapi Era Globalisasi Prijono Tjiptoherijanto In the past, the role of a woman was more of bringing up children and giving company to her husband than anything else, but because of the economic changes and education, there are now many house wives who, in the recent days, do not only function as household managers, but they also take on careers outside the home. The perception of the community on women who work outside their families is also becoming more permissive. Generally, women have got wide opportunities to improve on themselves. Even with this however, there are still internal obstacles which tend to hinder this improvement of women. Various efforts have so far been made to assist women in optimizing themselves according to their individual potentialities. For that matter therefore, Prijono Tjiptoherijanto explains the necessity of improving on the quality of women, either through the family or through other institutional means.

Problem dan Implementasi Peledakan Penduduk Lansia Menjelang Tahun 2020 Romziah Indonesia's fertility rate has continued to decline. It dropped to 2.87 by the end of the long term development period. This fertility rate is projected to go down to 40 percent during the period 1990-2020. However, the life expectancy rate is expected to increase to 17 percent. This means that the decline in the total fertility rate in Indonesia is faster than increase in the rate of life expectancy. A vital transition in Indonesia will affect the number of the elderly people at least until the year 2020. There will be 28.8 million elderly people or 11.3 percent of the nation's population. Hence, the structure and composition of Indonesia's population will be changed. With the higher level of migration and increasing participation of females in the work force, the tendency of an elderly person to have a child living close to him is being drastically reduced, and the availability of caregivers in the family is also declining. There are few problems facing the elderly in Indonesia such as: low priority given, inadequate information about the elderly, poor facilities and infrastructure, lack of essential personnel, spiraling medical cost, changing epidemiological pattern of disease, lack of resources, inadequate family support, and insufficient operations research. The efforts to improve on the welfare of the elderly people include: improving on the political commitment and the coverage of health services and/or the social status of the

elderly, developing the relevant man power to care for the elderly, identify and mobilizing adequate resources to care for the aged.

Keusahawanan dan Usaha Kecil di Pedesaan Agus Sutanto Since 1970s, the growing interest on the development of small enterprises has been decorating the scene of government policy in developing countries as well as international donor concern. The failure and cost of industrialization, the limitation of the agricultural sector, and the low capability of the formal sector in responding to the growing population are among factors justifying this policy initiation. Another important factor is due to the intrinsic potential and prospect of small enterprises, despite its development problems. This research conducted in 4 villages within the Province of Yogyakarta Special Region and Central Java is aimed at contributing to a rather comprehensive view on the profile of small enterprises and the profile of small entrepreneurs. A specific emphasis is given to rural entrepreneurship due to its crucial role in accelerating the development of small enterprises.

Masyarakat Miskin di Pedesaan: Potret Ketidakkuasaan Nugraha Setiawan This paper attempts to explain the position of a peasant (farmer) as a subject of development, an issue which has

often attracted little attention in the development process. This is caused by the image which was created by the colonialists who portrayed a peasant as somebody passive and lazy. This colonial legacy has subsequently put the peasants at a subordinate position when practicing authority which ultimately limits their access to progress. It is suggested that efforts to improve on the way outsiders look at them, by positioning the peasants as subjects who have the ability to design their own life style. Development for that matter must, therefore, give a due consideration to the entire social practices of the peasants.

Jurnal Populasi Pusat Studi Kependudukan dan Kebijakan Universitas Gadjah Mada Bulaksumur G-7 Yogyakarta 55281 populasi@cpps.or.id; populasi_cpps@yahoo.com