Report

No.

M-932-69-

12

FOREWORD

expressly for the use of NASA Senior MISS ION OPERATION REPORTS are published Management, as required by the Administrator in NASA instruction 6-2-10, dated The purpose of these reports is to provide NASA Senior Management 1.5 August 1963. and definitive information on flight mission plans, and to with timely, complete, establish official mission objectives which provide the basis for assessment of mission accomplishment. Initial reports are prepared and issued for each flight project just prior Following launch, updating reports for each missionare issued to keepGeneral ment currently informed of definitive mission results as provided in NASA 6-2-10 to launch. ManageInstruction

Primary distribution of these reports is intended for personnel having program/proiect management responsibilities which sometimes results in a highly technical orientation. The Office of Public Affairs publishes a comprehensive series of pre-launch and postlaunch reports on NASA flight missions which are available for dissemination to the Press. APOLLO MISSION OPERATION REPORTS are published in two volumes: theMISSION and the MISSION OPERATION REPORT, APOLLO OPERATION REPORT (MOR) ; SUPPLEMENT. This format was designed to provide a mission-oriented document in the MOR, with supporting equipment and facility description in the MOR, APOLLO is a program-oriented reference SUPPLEMENT. The MOR, APOLLO SUPPLEMENT document with a broad technical description of the space vehicle and associated equipand mission control and support facilities. ment, the launch complex,

Published and Distributed by PROGRAM and SPECIAL REPORTS DIVISION (FP) EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT - NASA HEADQUARTERS

,-.

Prelaunch Mission Operation Report No. M-932-6912 5 November 1969

TO: FROM: SUBJECT:

A/Ad

ministrator lo Program 12 Mission Director (AS-507)

MA/ApoI Apollo

No earlier than 14 November 1969, we plan to launch Apollo 12 on the second lunar This will be the fifth manned Saturn V flight, the sixth flight of a landing mission. manned Apollo Command/Service Module, and the fourth flight of a manned Lunar Module. Apollo 12 will be launched from Pad A of Launch Complex 39 at the Kennedy Space Lunar touchdown is planned for Apollo Landing Site 7, located in the Ocean Center. of Storms about 830 nautical miles west of the Apollo 11 landing site in the Sea of Tranquility. Apollo Landing Site 7 includes the crater in which Surveyor Ill landed in April 1967. One of the primary obiectives of this mission is to develop techniques for a point landing capability. Primary objectives on the lunar surface include selenological inspection, survey, and and activation of an Apollo Lunar Surface Experisampling in a mare area; deployment ments Package; and development of mans capability to work in the lunar environment. Photographic records will be obtained and extravehicular activities will be televised. Following the lunar surface phase of the mission, the crewmen will Command/Service Module and remain in lunar orbit approximately the remaining primary objective of obtaining extensive photography exploration sites for future missions. The IO-day mission will be completed and transport of the crew, spacecraft, Laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft procedures that provide for biological return to the I day to perform of candidate

with landing in the Pacific Ocean. Recovery and lunar samples to the Lunar Receiving Center will be conducted under quarantine isolation.

APPROVAL:

George E. Mueller Associate Administrator Manned Space Flight

for

M-932-69-

12

CONTENTS

Program NASA Detailed

c

Development. OMSF Primary

............................ Mission Objectives for Apollo .................... Capability, AS-507 ........... 12 ...........

1 3 4 5 9 41 46 50 53 56 ..................... 64 65 66

Obiectives Countdown Mission

and Experiments. and Turnaround

Launch Flight

Description Operations

.......................... ...........................

Contingency Mission Recovery

Support. Support.

............................... .............................. ..........................

Configuration Flight Mission Crew.

Differences

................................. Responsibility. ............................. .........................

Management

Program Management Abbreviations

and Acronyms

M-932-69-

12

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Title Apollo Flight Mission Development Phases Apollo/Saturn V Space Vehicle Countdown Apollo 12 Landing Site Apollo 12 Flight Profile LM Descent Events LM Powered Descent Lunar Surface Activity Timeline - EVA-l Deployed MESA Deployed S-band Antenna Apollo 12 Deployed TV Camera Positions Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Fueling Deployed ALSEP I Deployed Passive Seismic Experiment Deployed Solar Wind Spectrometer Experiment Deployed Lunar Surface Magnetometer Experiment Deployed Suprathermal Ion Detector/Cold Cathode Ion Gauge Experiment Lunar Surface Activity Timeline - EVA-2 Equipment Transfer Bag/Lunar Equipment Conveyor Hand Tool Carrier Surveyor I I I Activities Surveyor It1 Sample Return Container Lunar Surface Close-up Camera LM Ascent Through Docking LM Ascent Stage Deorbit Apollo 12 Contingency Options Apollo Earth Orbit Chart (AEO) Communications During Lunar Surface Operations with Erectable Antenna Deployed Primary Landing Area and Force Deployment Apollo 12 Prime Crew Apollo 12 Backup Crew Page 2 7&8 12 14 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 28 29 29 31 32 32 34 35 36 36 37 38 42 48 49 51 57 58

1O/29/69

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M-932-69-12

LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Title Apollo 12 Landing W i ndows Apollo Apollo Apollo 12 Mission Sites/Launch Page 9

Summary

15 16 17 40

12 TV Schedule 12 Weight Summary Differences

Comparison of Major Apollo 11 vs. 12 6 Network Mission Configuration

for Apollo

12

47

1O/29/69

... III

.-..---1_-..

M-932-69-

12

PROGRAM

DEVELOPMENT

Since the first Saturn flight, the Apollo Program has been developing toward a lunar Each successive flight has demonstrated landing and exploration of the lunar surface. crew, and ground support and has the performance capabilities of the space vehicle, verified operational techniques and procedures. The first Apollo flights, AS-201 through Apollo 6, were launch vehicle and spacecraft development flights. Apollo 7, the first manned flight, demonstrated Command/Service Module (CSM)/crew performance further and CSM rendezvous capabi Ii ty . The Apollo 8 Mission carried CSM operations by successfully demonstrating CSM operations and selected backup lunar landing mission Apollo 9 was an earth-orbital mission which demonstrated activities in lunar orbit. of selected lunar landing CSM/Lunar Module (LM) operations and LM/ crew performance mission activities in earth orbit. The final developmental mission before the actual lunar landing was Apollo 10. It evaluated LM performance in the cislunar and lunar environment and duplicated the lunar landing mission profile as closely as possible The success of these missions finally culminated in the without actually landing. the first manned lunar landing and return mission. The success of Apollo 11 Mission, the Apollo 11 Mission verified the performance of the space vehicle and support systems and proved mans capability to accomplish a lunar mission enabling the Apollo Program to proceed with detailed exploration of the lunar surface. Figure 1 traces the Apollo flight mission development phases through the first lunar landing.

The final nine lunar exploration missions in the Apollo Program will be divided into two types of missions - H-series and J-series. The four H-series missions, Apollo 12 through Apollo 15, will be flown with standard Apollo hardware and will provide increased surface stay time with two extravehicular activity (EVA) periods, improved landing accuracy, development of CSM transport techniques, and will establish a seismic network. The last five missions, Apollo 16 through Apollo 20, will be J-series missions and will be flown with modified Apollo hardware designed to extend mission duration and lunar surface stay time, to increase landed payload and sample return, to extend lunar surface EVA operations and increase mobility, and to provide for scientific experiments and mapping to be accomplished in lunar orbit.

1O/29/69

Page 1

AS-202

a/25/66

2 M (D ru

SATURNIB SATURN V
. r------q p------,

[DE;:LiFiiTt
APOLLO 4 APOLLO 6 11/g/67 4j4j68 APOLLO a 12/21/68

-II---APOLLO 9 3/3/69 APOLLO 10 5/18/69 APOLLO 11 7/16/69

n -. co .

-UNMANNED

---*MANNED

APOLLOFLIGHT MISSION DEVELOPMENT PHASES

M-932-69-

12

NASA PRIMARY . . . . .

OMSF

PRIMARY

MISSION

OBJECTIVES

FOR APOLLO

12

OBJECTIVES Perform Deploy Develop Develop Obtain seienological and activate techniques inspection, an Apollo for a point survey, and sampling Experiments in a mare area. Package (ALSEP).

Lunar Surface landing

capability. environment. sites.

mans capability photographs

to work

in the lunar exploration

of candidate

--zzL$?G,
Rocco A. Petrone Apollo Program Director P

eorge E. Mueller Associate Administrator Manned Space Flight

for

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Page 3

M-932-69-12

DETAILED PRINCIPAL 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. DETAILED

OBJECTIVES

AND

EXPERIMENTS

OBJECTIVES Collection.

Contingency Lunar Surface Apollo Selected

Sample

EVA Operations. Experiments Package (ALSEP) I Deployment and Activation.

Lunar Surface Sample

Collection.

PLSS Recharge. Lunar Field Geology (S-059). Exploration Sites.

Photography Lunar Surface

of Candidate Characteristics. Visibility.

Lunar Environment Landed LM Location.

Selenodetic Solar Wind Lunar

Reference Composition

Point

Update.

(S-080). (S-158).

Multispectral DETAILED

Photography OBJECTIVES

SECONDARY 14. Surveyor

III Investigation. Coverage Coverage During Through Lunar Landing and Lunar S-band Surface Operations.

15. Photographic 16, Television

the Erectable

Antenna.

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M-932-69-

12

LAUNCH COUNTDOWN

COUNTDOWN

AND

TURNAROUND

CAPABILITY.

AS-507

Countdown (CD) for launch of the AS-507 Space Vehicle (SV) for the Apollo 12 Mission will begin with a precount starting at T-98 hours during which launch vehicle (LV) and will be conducted independently. Official coordinated spacecraft (S/C) CD activities S/C and LV CD will begin at T-28 hours. Figure 2 shows the significant events beginning with the official countdown start. SCRUB/TURNAROUND Turnaround is the time required to recycle and count quent launch window. The following launch window
0

down to launch (T-O) in a subseconstraints apply: the opening windows. of the

56 hours 09 minutes are available for turnaround between 14 November and the closing of the 16 November launch

29 hours 13 minutes are available for turnaround between the opening 14 December and the closing of the 15 December launch windows.

of the

Scrub can occur at any point in the CD when launch support facilities, SV conditions, or weather warrant. For a hold that results in a scrub prior to T-22 minutes, turnaround procedures are initiated from the point of hold. Should a hold occur from T-22 minutes (S-II start bottle chilldown) to T-16.2 seconds (S-IC forward umbilical disconnect), then a recycle to T-22 minutes, a hold, or a scrub is possible under conditions stated in the Launch Mission Rules. A hold between T-16.2 seconds and T-8.9 seconds (ignition) could result in either a recycle or a scrub depending upon the circumstances. An automatic or manual cutoff after T-8.9 seconds will result in a scrub. Two basic cases can be identified to implement the required turnaround activities in preparation for a subsequent launch attempt following a scrub prior to ignition command. These cases identify the turnaround activities necessary to maintain the same confidence for subsequent launch attempts as for the original attempt. The scrub/turnaround time for each case is the minimum time required to effect recycle and CD of the SV to T-O (liftoff) after a scrub. They do not account for serial times which may be required for repair or retest of any systems which may have caused the scrub, nor do they include built-in holds for launch window synchronization. The basic difference in the two cases is the requirement to reservice the spacecraft cryogenics, which necessitates detailed safety precautions and the reuse of the Mobile Service Structure.

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M-932-69-

12

-. 48-Hour Scrub/Turnaround

A 48-hour scrub/turnaround capability exists from any point in the launch CD up to This turnaround capability provides for reservicing all SV cryogenics T-8.9 seconds. and resumption of the CD at T-9 hours. 24-Hour Scrub/Turnaround turnaround capability exists as late in the CD as T-8.9 seconds. This depends upon having sufficient S/C consumables margins above redline stated in the Launch Mission Rules (or negotiated changes to these redline for the period remaining to the next launch window. The CD would be T-9 hours.

A 24-hour capability quantities quantities) resumed at

1O/29/69

Page 6

N :CA

N ,CP B F.Wl 1 yle T E,XC m 3PPf hNGt

PFFICIA/ NOTE

COUtiTDOWN

STARTS I

CHANGE 1 I(

IN TIME INTERVALS 1 I I *i.

I
SMDPS

/,/III 2 SWITCH. 1 I I I I , VALVE MODE I I 1 I A

I;, I I :

;~ii I

B
I !

LEAR NON

ESSENTIAL1

10/29/69

Page 7

M-932-69-12

v SI ACE V KLE
Pi

COUNT

m
PEN N,ARb.$O =,a Pl$ cc0 FT RADIUS P TRANS606

4 AC 1 T,Ol 0,t , U,l A TOI

iWAl L:EP RiAC lh

0 '01

%lt

brJ

>TAflO?j

C&B~ATl:oN,SV:S

@ND;& SThRT,SA =7

VHF; fINd1 CjOS!OU,l

I / :,o (

ITERIC

S+A. IJ. S,Ivt

4 A.G2 L FCA 0,lA A i

L LF,C q T

;HiCKr
~6s LM FD: I ( LM 5,x I CLEAR. N QUA0 IllI,1 SE, INSlAlCA IAL PERSON1 I

M I
V EX(

LFVE 1 cs -

I /
RADIATIQN AREA CONTROL

I /

hAxlMUM lti EC3 FtbW:RAfE SK7 E&RCENCY E( ~ 1 s-lvs=rS ILEAR NON ESSENTIAL PER

Fig.

JtER L

REA (

da7 3SEC 1;

I +
CRE A TLC

+ IAP

JG,ER

REA C

4 R! N

ACE COvNT<l -l

.O(
I

B:tl IN HdLD k
1

I I

r<

9 HR 22 MIN BUILT-IN

HOLD 1

/
I

T P

I
COL;NTCLO:l

GA

/
T

IN H

x D lPEl -- ~~
.V PR ,,,N! LO;

Ic

-GFR lUNTl LOX 100713 LINE CH

=r )OW t
BjLL / P;OWiR 1y oyc

I-

I I

N CHfCX
NT REI

LV PROPEL

I!

10/29/69

Page

M-932-69-

12

\L IN

5,o , /

A0

130, MINUTES

I ! I

20 I IA NO

10 I

I A

I I

?I I

I 9 FULLY RETRACTED

I I , ,

Fig.

2 (Continued)

M-932-69-

12

FLIGHT LANDING SITES

MISS ION

DESCRIPTION

Apollo Lunar Landing Site 7 is the prime site for the Apollo 12 Mission. This site is located entirely within relatively old (Imbrian) mare material and also shares the characteristic distribution of large subdued 200-600 meter (m) diameter craters as well as the characteristic lower density of 50-200 m diameter craters. This site includes the crater in which Surveyor III landed in April 1967. One of the primary scientific objectives of landing at this site is to sample a second mare for comparison with Apollo 11 and Surveyor data in order to learn the variability in composition and age of the lmbrium mare unit. Apollo Lunar Landing Site 5 is the recycle site for this mission and is located within relatively young (Eratosthenian) mare material. In contrast to Tranquility Base and Landing Site 7, the area of this site displays a large number of intermediate size craters 50-200 m in diameter and a small number of larger subdued craters 200-600 m in diameter. The site is surrounded by well-developed crater clusters of the Kepler system. Small, weakly developed crater clusters and Iineaments radial to Kepler occur within the site. Thus some material derived from depth at Kepler may be presented in the surficial material, and fine-scale textural details related to the Kepler rays may also be present. There are more resolvable blocks (greater than 2 m) around craters than in the three sites to the east (Landing Sites 1, 2, and 3) suggesting that the surficial material is generally coarser grained. LAUNCH The launch WINDOWS windows for both Site 7 and Site 5 are shown in Table 1.

TABLEl, APOLLO12LANDINGSITES/1AUNCHWINDOWS
SITE
7 b 5 *SUN

LONG.
4154'W.

LAT.
104l'N. ANGLE

DATE
14 16

NOV (EST) OPEN-CLOSE

1122-1428 1409-1727

DEC (EST) SEA*

5.l'O 10.70

DATE
14 15

OPEN-CLOSE SEA
1334-1658 15131847 lp 5.3O

23024'W.t 2059%

ELEVATION

1O/29/69 Page 9

M-932-69-

12

HYBRID

TRAJECTORY

The Apollo 12 Mission will use a hybrid trajectory that retains most of the safety features of the free-return trajectory, but without the performance limitations. The spacecraft will be injected into a highly eccentric elliptical orbit (perilune altitude of approximately 1850 nautical miles (NM), which has the free-return characteristic, the spacecraft can return to the entry corridor without any further maneuvers. i.e., The spacecraft will not depart from the free-return ellipse until after the Lunar Module (LM) has been extracted from the launch vehicle and can provide a propulsion system backup to the Service Propulsion System (SPS). After approximately 28 hours from a midcourse maneuver will be performed by the SPS to place the translunar injection, spacecraft on a lunar approach trajectory (non-free-return) having a lower perilune altitude. The use of a hybrid Daylight horizon provide graphic trajectory will permit:

launch/Pacific iniection. This would allow the crew to acquire the as a backup attitude reference during high altitude abort, would launch abort recovery visibility, and would improve launch photocoverage.

Desired lunar landing site sun elevation. The hybrid profile facilitates adjustment of translunar transit time which can be used to control sun angles on the landing site during lunar orbit and on landing. The launch vehicle energy requirements Increased spacecraft performance. for translunar injection into the highly eccentric elliptical orbit are less than those for a free-return trajectory from which lunar orbit insertion would be payIoad/SPS propellant. performed. . Th is allows for an increase in spacecraft The energy of the spacecraft on a hybrid lunar approach trajectory is relatively low compared to what it would be on a full free-return trajectory thus reducing the differential velocity (AV) required to achieve lunar orbit insertion. LUNAR MODULE POINT LANDING

The LM point landing capability of Apollo 12 is being enhanced in two significant The first is concerned with improving the ground targeting of the Primary areas. i .e., updating the LM guidance Guidance Navigation and Control System (PGNCS), computer with the LMs current position and velocity, and the landing site position. The second is concerned with reducing the in-orbit perturbations during the last three orbits before descent orbit insertion.

1O/29/69

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M-932-69-12

Significant a

improvements

in ground

targeting

of the PGNCS

include: potential improveLM orbit. the

Adding one more term to the computer program coverage of the lunar This permits a significant model in the Real-Time Computer Complex. ment in LM .orbit determination and descent targeting during a single Updating degrading Updating powered the PGNCS with the LMs position after undocking effect of this maneuver on the LM state vector. the LM downtrack descent. in-orbit position relative to the landing to avoid

site during

Steps taken 0 l

to reduce

perturbations

include: 8-10 hours before landing. rotational maneuvers.

Water

and waste

dumps will

be avoided

LM Reaction Control System (RCS) checkout will maneuvers and with cold fire instead of nulled Command/Service LM undocking Soft undocking Landing will will Module (CSM) will perform to avoid

be done with translational

0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure control

undocking downrange

maneuver. AV.

be done radially be performed. will

gear inspection

be deleted be active maneuver.

if indications in station

are nominal

CSM rather

than the LM will separation

keeping.

CSM wil I perform

Targeting will 3 shows the Apollo 12 landing site. will be used to fly to the actual landing area.

be to Surveyor

III and manual

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Page 11

M-932-69-

12

APOLLO12 LANDINGSITE
1O/29/69 Page 12

Fig.

M-932-69-12

FLIGHT Launch

PROFILE Throuah Earth Parkina Orbit

for the Apollo 12 Mission is planned to be launched at The AS-507 Sp ace Vehicle 11:22 EST on 14 November 1969 from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on a launch azimuth of 72. The Saturn V Launch Vehicle will insert the S-IVB/lnstrument Unit (IU)/LM/CSM into a 103-NM, circular orbit. The S-IVB and spacecraft checkout will be accomplished during the orbital coast phase. Figure 4 and Tables 2 through 4 summarize the flight profile events and space vehicle weight. Translunar lniection S-IVB stage will be reignited injection (TLI) maneuver, a perilune of approximately

Approximately 2.8 hours after liftoff, the launch vehicle during the second parking orbit to perform the translunar placing the spacecraft on a free-return trajectory having 1850 NM. Translunar Coast

The CSM will separate from the S-lVB/lU/LM Time (GET), transpose, dock, and initiate the LM and S-lVB/IU will be photographed

approximately 3.2 hours Ground Elapsed ejection of the LM. During these maneuvers, to provide engineering data.

An S-IVB evasive maneuver will be initiated by ground command approximately 1.6 hours after TLI. This maneuver will be performed by the Auxiliary Propulsion System (APS) of the S-IVB to impart a AV of approximately 10 feet .per second (fps) and prevent recontact with the spacecraft. Shortly thereafter, an S-IVB slingshot maneuver will be performed to place the S-lVB/IU onto a trajectory passing the moons trailing edge and into solar orbit. This maneuver will be performed by a combination of continuous hydrogen venting, liquid oxygen (LOX) dumping, and an APS ullage The total AV imparted to the S-lVB/IU by the slingshot maneuver will maneuver. be approximately 115 fps. The spacecraft will be placed on a hybrid trajectory by performing an SPS maneuver at the time scheduled for the second midcourse correction (MCC) approximately 31 hours from liftoff. The CSM/LM combination will be targeted for a pericynthion altitude of 60 NM and, as a result of the SPS maneuver, will be placed on a non-free-return trajectory. The spacecraft will remain within a LM Descent Propulsion System (DPS) return capability.

1O/29/69

Page 13

CSWLM SEPARATION

yn, CM/SM SEPARATION

/CSM

60 NM

INITIATION

RBIT

S-IVB RESTART DURING 2ND OR 3RD ORBIT S-IVB 2ND BURN CUTOFF TRANSLUNAR INJECTION (TLI) FREE-RETURN TRAJECTORY S/C SEPARATION, TRANSPOSITION, DOCKING, & EJEC TION

S-IVB APS EVASIVE MANEUVER

n -. ca . P

APOLLO12 FLIGHTPROFILE

TABLE2 APOLLO12MISSION SUMMARY

EVENT LAUNCH TRANSLUNARINJECTION (TLI) MIDCOURSECORRECTION(MCC-2) LUNAR ORBIT INSERTION (LOI-1) LUNAR ORBIT INSERTION (LOI-2) UNDOCK DESCENTORBIT INSERTION (DOI) POWERED DESCENT INITIATION LANDING BEGIN EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY (EVA-l) BEGIN EVA 2 LM LIFTOFF DOCKING LUNAR ORBIT PLANE CHANGE TRANSEARTH INJECTION (TEI) LANDING (POI) GET DAY:HR:MIN 0:OO:DO 0:02:47 l:D6:53 3:11:25 3:15:44 4:11:54 4:13:23 4:14:20 4:14:31 4:18:33 5:13:07 5:22:01 6:01:40 6:15:02 7:04:21 10:04:35 1 , ~ 14/11:22 14/14:09 15/18:15 17/22:47 18/03:06 18/23:16 19/00:45 19/01:42 19/01:53 19/05:55 20/00:29 20/09:23 20/13:02 21/02:24 21/15:43 24/15:57 18 (SPS) 129 (SPS) 430 (APS) 345 (S-IVB) 10 (SPS) 355 (SPS) 18 (SPS)

DATE/EST BURNDURATION HR:MIN (APPROX. SEC.)

REMARKS WINDOW CLOSES 1428 EST PACIFIC OCEAN HYBRID TRANSFER ORBIT: 59 X 169 MILES ORBIT: 53 X 65.MILES

16 (CSM-RCS) 28 (DPS) 679 (DPS) LM ORBIT: 59X8 MILES

3 HOURS30 MINUTES 3 HOURS30 MINUTES LM ORBIT 8 X 45 MILES

LATITUDE = 16OS LONGITUDE = 165"W LOCAL TIME 09:57 (SUN RISE + 5 HR. MISSION DURATION: 244 HR. 35 MIN.

TABLE3 APOLLOlZW SCHEDULE

DAY I FRIDAY SATURDAY MONDAY NOV. 14 NOV. 15 NOV. 17 14:42 17:47 02:52 20:52 23:22 TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY NOV. 18 NOV. 19 NOV. 20 23:12 06:02 00:42 12:37 FRIDAY SUNDAY NOV. 21 NOV. 23 16:17 18:37 DATE EST , GET COVERAGE

03:25 30:25 63:30 81:30 84:00 107:50 114:40 133:20 145:15 172:55 223:15

TRANSPOSITION / DOCKING HYBRID TRAJ. / SPACECRAFT INTERIOR EARTH, IVT, r' PRE LOI-1, S/C INTERIOR LUNAR SURFACE

LUNAR SURFACE UNDOCKING / FORMATION FLYING LUNAR SURFACE EVA EVA - 2, EQUIPMENT JETTISON DOCKING POST - TEI / LUNAR SURFACE MOON- EARTH - S/C INTERIOR

M-932-69-12

TABLE4 APOLLO12WEIGHTSUMMARY
(Weight
TAGE/MODULE -1C Stage -IC/S-II nterstage -II Stage -II/S-IVB nterstage INERT WEIGHT

in Pounds) TOTAL
TOTAL WEIGHT FINAL SEPARATION

EXPENDABLES

WEIGHT

287,850 11,465 80,220 8,035 25,050 4,275

Launch Vehicle at

4,742,865 m-m 980,200 -we 235,020 --Ignition

5,030,715 11,465 1,060,420 8,035 262,070 4,275 6,374,980 4,060

363,465 Be94,440 we28,440 e-m

-1VB Stage
nstrument Unit

pacecraft-LM dapter #unar Module ervice Module

4,060 9,635 10,510 12,365 8,945

23,690 40,595 e-e

---

ommand Module aunch Escape ystem

33,325 51,105 12,365 8,945

*33,740 11,840 11,145 (Landing) v-s

Spacecraft pace Vehicle

At Ignition

109,800 6,484,780 (-185,320 6,399,300 300,269

at Ignition -1C Thrust Buildup pace Vehicle at Liftoff pace Vehicle at Orbit Insertion

* CSM/LM Separation.

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M-932-69-12

The earth will be photographed several times each day during this coast phase for oceanographic, global weather, and documentation purposes as the spacecraft attitude and crew time permit. The moon will also be photographed. MCCs will be made as required, using the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN) for navigation.

Lunar

Orbit

Insertion

The SPS will insert the spacecraft into an initial lunar orbit (approximately 60 x 170 NM) 83.4 hours from liftoff (Figure 4). Following insertion and systems checks, a second SPS retrograde burn will be made to place the spacecraft in an elliptical orbit 54 x 66 NM. This orbit is planned to become Grcular at 60 NM by the time of LM rendezvous.

Because lunar orbit insertion (LOI) a I wa y s occurs behind the moon, the crew will be required to evaluate the progress of the maneuver without ground support. Although two LOI burns are required to produce a near circular orbit, the monitoring requirements lasts for only primarily impact the first burn (LOI-1), b ecause the second burn (LOI-2) The horizon and several stars should be visible from the approximately 18 seconds. Commanders (CDRs) rendezvous window and may be used as a backup to the optics for the orientation check prior to SPS ignition.

Lunar

Orbit

Coast

After LOIthe Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) and the CDR will enter the LM to perform Subsequently, a rest and eat period of housekeeping and the initial LM activation. approximately 8.5 hours will be provided for the three astronauts prior to LM activation and checkout. The CSM will separate radially upward from the LOIusing the soft undocking technique. The used to minimize separation AV perturbations. a distance of 40 feet from the LM. The LM will (e.g., landing gear inspection), unless there is gear did not deploy properly. Lunar Module Descent orbit insertion This maneuver (DOI) maneuver approxiplaces the LM in a 60-NM LM at approximately 20.7 hours from docking probe capture latches will be After undocking, the CSM will maintain not perform any inspection maneuvers a real-time indication that the landing

The DPS will be used to perform the descent mately 1.5 hours after CSM/LM separation. by 50,000-foot orbit as shown in Figure 5.

1O/2 9/69

Page 18

M-932-69-

12

CSM ""',/.a~-,>

/
\

LM DESCENT ORBIT (60 N MI BY 50,000 FT)

SU = STATE VECTOR RLS = RADIUS LANDING SITE EARTH

LM DESCENTEVENTS Powered descent initiation (PDI) will occur (Figure 6). The vertical descent portion of of approximately 100 feet for an automatic takeover by the crew at an altitude of 500

Fig.

near the pericynthion of the descent orbit the landing phase will start at an altitude Present plans provide for manual approach. feet. LM movement, surface

During descent the lunar surface will be photographed to record disturbances, and to aid in determining the landed LM location. Lunar Surface Postlanding Operations

Immediately upon landing, the LM crew will execute the lunar contact checklist and reach a stay/no-stay decision. After reaching a decision to stay, the Inertial Measurement Unit will be aligned, the Abort Guidance System gyro calibrated and aligned, and the lunar surface photographed through the LM window. Following a crew eat period all loose items not required for extravehicular activity (EVA) will be stowed. EVA 1

The activity timeline for EVA 1 is shown in Figure 7. Both crew members will don helmets, gloves, Portable Life Support Systems (PLSS), and Oxygen Purge Systems (OPS) and the cabin will be depressurized from 3.5 pounds per square inch (psi).

1O/29/69

Page 19

N. MI.
60-------w-,

h,

Lc?@

2 co (D

1l:lb

i3 7

&

SUMMARY EVENTS A ULLAGE B POWERED C THROTTLE 0 LANDING E F G

DESCENT INITIATION TO FTP RADAR (LR)

TFI - Time From Ignition FTP - Full Throttle Position

n -. (D . a

ALTITUDE UPDATE THROTTLE RECOVERY LR VELOCITY UPDATE HIGH GATE

LMPOWERED DESCENT

R-1 P 8 i I

m m
n I l n I 3 m I I n n n

RFACE ACTIVITY TI MELINE-EVA I

M-932-69-12

Fig.

M-932-69-

12

The CDR will move through the hatch, (LEC), and move to the ladder where Stowage Assembly (MESA), Frgure 8, the MESA. He will then descend the monitor and photograph the CDR using Acquisition Camera).

deploy the Lunar Equipment Conveyor he will deploy the Modularized Equipment which initiates television coverage from ladder to the lunar surface. The LMP will a 70mm and a sequence camera (16mm Data

DEPLOYEDMESA

Fig.

Environmental Familiarization/Contingency Sample Collection - After stepping to the surface and checking his mobility, stability, and the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), the CDR will collect a contingency sample. This would make it possible to assess the differences in the lunar surface material between the Apollo 11 and 12 landing sites in the event the EVA were terminated at this point. The sample will be collected by quickly scooping up a loose sample of the lunar material (approximately 2 pounds), sealing it in a Contingency Sample Container, and transferring the sample in the Equipment Transfer Bag (ETB) along with the lithium into the LM using the LEC. The hydroxide (LiOH) canisters and PLSS batteries LMP will then transfer the 70mm cameras to the surface in the ETB. 1O/29/69 Page 22

M-932-69-

12

Contingency Photography - The CDR will photograph deploy and photograph the color chart in the sunlight, of the LMP to the surface. S-band Antenna Deployment - The S-band and carried to the site where the CDR will the antenna cable to the LM, and perform

the contingency and photograph

sample area, the descent

antenna will be removed from the LM erect it as shown in Figure 9, connect the required alignment.

DEPLOYED S-BAND ANTENNA

Flag Deployment the deployment - The CDR will then unstow the American site and implant it in the lunar surface. flag and carry

Fig.

it to

the Lunar TV Camera Deployment - While the CDR deploys the S-band antenna, LMP will unstow the TV camera and deploy it on the tripod approximately 20 feet from the LM in the 10 oclock position (Figure 10). The LMP will then obtain TV panorama and special interest views after which he will point the camera at the S-band antenna/flag deployment/MESA area.

1O/29/69

Page 23

M-932-69-12

1v Cdwra Posiliou 20 out

TV Camera Position 2O,OUI

2 OCluck Position

L
8 OClock Position

TV

APOLLO12 DEPLOYED CAMERAPOSITIONS TV

Fig. 10/29/69 Page 24 10

M-932-69-12

foil area ment site surface. earth by the solar a sufficient astronaut

- The LMP will next unstow and deploy the riment which uses a 4-square foot aluminum It will be carried to the deployfor entrapment of solar wind particles. where the foil will be unfurled and the staff implanted in the lunar the SWC detector will be brought back to As in the Apollo 11 Mission, However, on Apollo 12 the detector will be exposed to the astronauts. wind flux for approximately 17 hours instead of 2 hours and will be placed distance away from the LM to protect it from lunar dust kicked up by activity.

the LM Inspection - After repositioning TV to view the Scientific Equipment Bay door area, the LMP will inspect and photograph the LM footpads and quadrants (QUADs) I, II, Ill, and IV with his 70mm Concurrently the CDR will camera. obtain panorama and close-up photographs. ALSEP Deployment - Both crew members will offload, deploy, and activate the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) which will obtain scientific data consisting of lunar physical and environmental characteristics and transmit the data to earth for determination of (1) the magnetic fields at the moon, (2) the lunar atmosphere and ionosphere and the lunar seismic activity, and (3) the properties of the solar wind plasma as it exists at the lunar surface. The ALSEP is stowed and offloaded in two subpackages. The fuel cask (part of the electrical power subsystem) is attached to the LM. After offloading the ALSEP packages, the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG), which provides the ALSEP electrical power, will be fueled (Figure 1 l), the ALSEP subpackages will be attached to a one-man carry bar for traverse in a barbell mode, as shown on the cover, and the TV will be positioned to view the ALSEP site .

RADIOlSOTOPETHERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR FUELING

Fig. 11

1O/29/69

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M-932-69-12

The LMP will th en carry the ALSEP subpackages in the barbell mode to the deployment site approximately 300 feet from the LM while the CDR carries a subpallet of ALSEP. U pon arriving at the deployment site they will survey the site and determine the desired location for the experiments. The following individual experiment packages will then be separated, assembled, connected to the ALSEP cabling, and deployed to their respective sites (Figure 12).

LM ASCENT BLAST AND THERMAL 100% SAFETY FACTOR \

CONSIDERATIONS

----

CENTRAL STATION (WITH DUST DETECTOR) \

POhER .. CRT

PASSIVE lOFT+

_~~ SEISMIC

MAGNETOMETER SOLAR WIND SPECTROMETER

SUPRATH ERMAL ION DETECTOR

dr

COLD

CATHODE

ION

GAUGE

DEPLOYEDALSEPI
~Fig. 1O/29/69 Page 26 12

M-932-69-

12

(Figure Passive Seismic Experiment monitor seismic activity and affords impacts and free oscillations of the deformations resulting in part from direction of external gravitational

13) - This experiment is designed to the opportunity to detect meteoroid moon. It may also detect surface tidal periodic variations in the strength and fields acting upon the moon.

Solar Wind Spectrometer Experiment (Figure 14) - This experiment will measure energies, densities, incidence angles, and temporal variations of the electron and proton components of the solar wind on the surface of the moon. Lunar Surface Magnetometer Experiment (Figure 15) - This experiment will measure the magnitude and temporal variations of the lunar surface equatorial field vector. Suprathermal Ion Detector (Lunar Ionosphere Detector) Experiment (Figure 16) This experiment will measure the flux, number, density, velocity, and energy per unit charge of positive ions in the vicinity of the lunar surface.* Cold Cathode Ion Gauge (Lunar Atmosphere Detector) Experiment - This experiment will determine the density of any lunar ambient atmosphere including variations either of a random character or associated with lunar In addition, the rate of loss of contaminants local time or solar activity. left in the landing area by the astronauts and the Lunar Module will be measured. * Lunar Dust Detector Experiment - This experiment assessment of dust accretion on ALSEP to provide of thermal surfaces. will obtain data for the a measure of the degradation

Following the deployment of experiments, the ALSEP will be activated, data receipt by MSFN confirmed, and the ALSEP site and deployed experiments The ALSEP site will also be photographed from the LM area. photographed. Selected Sample Collection - During the return traverse to the LM, both crewmen will collect a selected sample of geologically interesting material, including rock which will be carried in a side bag samples and fine-grained fragmental material, on each crewman. Approximately three-fourths of the quantity will be rock samples with the remaining one-fourth fine-grained material. The samples and the immediate sample site will be photographed.

* On ALSEP I, the suprathermal ion detector and cold integrated together in one experiment system.

cathode

ion gauge will

be

1O/29/69

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DEPLOYED PASSIVESEISMIC EXPERIMENT

Fig. 13

DEPLOYED SOLARWIND SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENT

Fig. 14

M-932-69-12

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M-932-69-

12

The LMP will carry the TV back and surrounding area from the 2 will then assemble the core tube collecting the core sample, the Return Container (SRC) 1.

to the LM area and position it to view the MESA oclock position shown in Figure 10. The LMP and handle, and collect a core sample. After sample will be capped and stowed in Sample

Upon return to the LM, the CDR will unstow the selected SRC, attach the scale to the MESA, finish filling the CDR and LMP side bags with loose material, seal the organic control sample, pack the samples, and seal the SRC. After helping the CDR with the selected sample collection, the LMP will clean his EMU, ingress the LM, check LM systems, switch to the erectable S-band antenna, and make a communications check. The CDR will attach the LEC to the SRC 1 and transfer it into the LM with the assistance of the LMP. Post-EVA 1 Operations post-EVA 1 operations, the PLSSs will be oxygen system to a minimum pressure of and replacing the battery and LiOH cannister. and stowed, followed by an eat period, a perio.

After configuring the LM systems for recharged. This includes filling the 875 psi, filling the water reservoir, The PISSs and OPSs will be doffed eat 9-hour rest period,--<nd>Kother EVA 2

After pre-EVA configuring of the EMUs and LM systems, the cabin will be depressurized from 3.5 psi and the CDR will descend to the surface for EVA 2 (Figure 17). Upon transferring the 70mm Lunar Surface Cameras to the surface using the ETB and LEC (Figure 18), and turning on the 16mm Data Acquisition Camera (Sequence Camera) in the LM, the LMP wil I descend to the surface. in the conduct Lunar FieldGeology Experiment - Both crewmen will participate which is to provide data for use in the of the Lunar Field Geology Experiment, interpretation of the geologic history of the moon. A team of earth-based geologists will be available to advise the astronauts in real-time. Geology traverse preparations will include stowing several contrast charts, a hammer, an extension handle, a small and a large scoop, core tubes and caps, and a gnomon on the Hand Tool Carrier (HTC) (Figure 19); sample bag dispenser, attaching side bags; stowing the cutting tool in the CDRs Surveyor parts bag; attaching a 70mm Lunar Surface Camera to each EMU; tethering tongs to the CDRs EMU; deploying contrast charts; and repositioning the TV for geology traverse.

1O/2 9/69

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1O/29/69

Page 31

JRFACE ACTIVITY TIMELINE-EVA2

M-932-69-

12

EQUIPMENTTRANSFER BAG/ LUNAREQUIPMENTCONVEYOR

Fig. 18

HANDTOOLCARRIER
Fig. .19

M-932-69-12

The geology traverse for this experiment will consist of documented sample collection, core tube sample collection, trench site sample collection, and gas analysis sample collection. A typical documented sample collection will include photographing the sample and its site and describing and stowing the sample in a sample bag. A typical core tube sample collection will include photographing the sample site cross sun, driving the core tube into the surface and photographing the core tube down sun, and pulling and capping the core tube. Trench site sample collection will include digging a trench along the sunline, filling the special environmental sample container with surface material and sealing it, photographing the trench both down and up sun, collecting a core sample from the trench, and stowing the samples in the HTC. Gas analysis sample collection wil I include photographing the sample both cross and down sun, collecting.the sample using tongs, and placing it in and sealing the gas analysis sample container which will be stowed in the HTC. Surveyor site and vehicle investigation will precede the geology return

traverse.

Surveyor Site Activity - As a secondary objective, it is planned that the CDR and LMP will walk to the Surveyor Ill site for an investigation of the site and the The CDR and LMP will descend into the crater Surveyor vehicle (Figure 20). containing the Surveyor Ill and collect samples of lunar material including lunar bedrock, layered rock, and rounded rocks in ray patterns. The LMP will obtain photographs of lunar material in the vicinity of and deposited on the Surveyor III spacecraft as well as several photographs of the Surveyor spacecraft equipment (Figure 21). The CDR will read the LMPs checklist during the LMPs photography and then cut the TV camera, a piece of the TV camera electrical cable which will be dropped untouched into the special environmental sample container, and a polished aluminum tube from the Surveyor using the cutting tool. The LMP will assist the CDR in the cutting task and will stow the equipment in the Surveyor parts bag on the CDRs PLSS. In addition, if feasible and safe, the CDR and LMP will collect pieces of glass from the Surveyor Ill spacecraft mirrors and report on the extent of debonding. Post-Geology Activity - After completion of the geology return traverse, the TV camera will be repositioned to view the MESA and the ladder; the SWC will be retrieved and stowed in the SRC; the 70mm lunar surface cameras wil I be stowed sample in the ETB; the side bag samples, the core tubes, special environmental

container,

gas analysis sample container,

and documented

samples will

be

transferred in the photographs with both EMUs have assist the CDR in LM.

SRC (Figure 22); and the LMP will obtain surface close-up the Apollo Lunar Surface Close-up Camera (Figure 23). After been checked and cleaned, the LMP will ingress the LM and transferring the SRC, ETB, and the Surveyor parts bag into the

1O/29/69

Page 33

SUN
SCOOP IMPRINT AR fA FOOTPAD / 2 AREA

-N-

f -<\ /0 \
SCOOP

fi

PHOTO BAY A

DISTURB PHOTO SCOOP TRENCHES a-+,

FOOTPAD

2 AREA

PHOTO TV SECTOR CDR -CUT TV TUBES (31

COLLECT PERCENT

GLASS GLASS

AND REPORT DEBWDED

PHOTO

COLLECT 11 -. (D

AL TUBE

SURVEYOR ACTIVITIES III

M-932-69-

12

SURVEYOR Ill
Fig. 1O/29/69 Page 35 21

M-932-69-12

Fig.

22

LUNARSURFACECLOSE-UPCAMERA
1O/29/69 Page 36

Fig.

23

--

M-932-69-12

- After completing equipment transfer to the LM, the CDR EVA-2 Termination will clean his EMU, ascend the ladder and ingress into the LM. Expendable equipment will be jettisoned and the cabin repressurized terminating the second EVA. CSM Lunar Orbit Operations Photography

Lunar Mul tispectral

the Command Module Pilot (CMP) During the period of lunar surface operations, will obtain simultaneous multispectral photographs of the lunar surface at three This photography will provide data on lunar widely separated wavelengths. surface color variations (at an order of magnitude higher resolution than obtainable from earth) which will be useful in geologic mapping. For example, the sharpness of the color boundaries will give a good indication of the compositional differences. In addition, it will provide data for correlation with the spectral reflectance properties of the returned lunar samples from Apollo 11 and thus will allow possible extrapolation of compositional information on other areas of the moon on which no Finally, it will define areas of interest for future correlation landings will occur. with the returned samples. Lunar Module Ascent 24) will begin after a lunar stay of approximately 31.5 hours. System (APS) powered ascent is divided into two phases. The rise which is required to achieve terrain clearance, and the EVENT 1. LIFTOFF 2. INSERTION 3. CSI 4. PLANE CHANGE 5. CDH 6. TPI 7. BEGIN BRAKJNG* 8. STATION KEEPING 9. DOCKING
I

The LM ascent (Figure The Ascent Propulsion first phase is a vertical

,....=...=....Rendezvous radar tracking --a---=MSFN tracking

* A TOTAL OF 4 BRAKING MANEUVERS ARE PLANNED.

LM ASCENT THROUGHDOCKING
1O/29/69 Page 37

Fig.

24

M-932-69-

12

second phase is orbit insertion. After orbit insertion the LM will execute the coelliptic rendezvous sequence which nominally consists of four major maneuvers: concentric sequence initiation (CSI), constant delta height (CDH), terminal phase initiation (TPI), and terminal phase finalization (TPF). A nominally zero plane change maneuver will be scheduled between CSI and CDH, and two nominally zero midcourse correction maneuvers will be scheduled between TPI and TPF; the TPF maneuver is actually divided into several braking maneuvers. All maneuvers after orbit insertion will be performed with the LM RCS . 0 nce docked to the CSM, the two crewmen will transfer to the CSM with equipment, lunar samples, Surveyor Ill parts, and exposed film. Decontamination operations will be performed, jettisonable items will be placed in the Interim Stowage Assembly and transferred to the LM, and the LM will be configured for deorbit and lunar impact. LM Ascent Stage Deorbit

The ascent stage will be deorbited for lunar surface impact near the newly deployed ALSEP, rather than sent into solar orbit, to provide a known perturbation for the seismic experiment..(Figure 25). The CSM in a heads-up attitude will be separated

CSM

JETTISON (RADIAL)
EARTH

LM ASCENT STAGE DEORBIT

1O/29/69 Page 38

Fig.

25

_--

M-932-69-12

radially from the ascent stage with a Service Module (SM) RCS retrograde burn approximately 2 hours after docking to the CSM. Following the LM jettison maneuver, the CSM will perform a pitchdown maneuver. The LM deorbit maneuver will be a retrograde APS burn initiated by ground control and the LM will be targeted to impact the lunar surface approximately 5 NM south of the Apollo 12 landing site. The ascent stage jettison, ignition, and impacted lunar surface area will be photographed from the CSM. CSM Orbit Operations of Candidate Exoloration Sites

Photonraphv

After ascent stage deorbit the CSM will execute an orbital plane change for approximately 11 hours of lunar reconnaissance photography. Stereoscopic and sequence photographs in high resolution will be taken of Descartes, Fra Mauro, Lalande, and other candidate sites, as feasible, prior to transearth injection. Transearth Injection and Coast

The SPS will duration will inclination ( will be made

be used to inject the CSM onto the transearth trajectory. The return flight be approximately 72 hours (based on a 14 November launch) and the return to the earths equator) will not exceed 40 degrees. Midcourse corrections using the MSFN for navigation. as required,

Entry and Recovery the CSM will maneuver to a heads-up attitude, the Prior to atmospheric entry, Command Module (CM) will jettison the SM and orient to the entry attitude (heads down, full lift). The nominal range from entry interface (El) at 400,000 feet altitude to landing will be approximately 1250 NM. Earth landing will nominally be in the Pacific Ocean at 16OS latitude and 165OW longitude (based on a 14 November launch) approximately 244.6 hours after liftoff. Immediate recovery is planned. Quarantine Following landing, the Apollo 12 crew will don the flight suits and face masks passed in to them through the spacecraft hatch by a recovery swimmer wearing standard scuba gear. The flight suit/oral-nasal mask combination will be used in lieu of the integral Biological Isolation Garments (BIGS) used on Apollo 11. The BIGs will be available for use in case of an unexplained crew illness. The swimmer will swab the hatch and The crew will then be carried by adjacent areas with a liquid decontamination agent. helicopter to the recovery ship where they will enter a Mobile Quarantine Facility procedures will be the same as for the (MQF) and all su b se q uent crew quarantine Apollo 11 Mission.

1O/29/69

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M-932-69-

12

The spacecraft

will

be returned

to port

by the

recovery

ship

where

a team

will

deactivate will be to the Lunar

pyrotechnics, and flush confined to the exterior Lunar sample plans Apollo The Table Receiving release call Laboratory from the

and drain fluid systems (except water). The spacecraft will of the spacecraft. (LRL) and Differences between the Apollo 11 and 12 flight and placed upon release in a special spacecraft spacecraft of the room LRL is contingent early

This operation then be flown for storage. if the situation

sterilization.

Contingency so requires.

for sterilization Mission

1 l/12 major 5.

differences

missions

are

summarized

in

TABLE5 COMPARISONOFMAJORDIFFERENCES APOLLOllvs. APOLLO12

I
1. LAUNCH 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

EVENT AZIMUTH

APOLLO 72 108

11

APOLLO 72 96

12

TRAJECTORY EVASIVE NAVIGATION EVA EVA RADIUS LUNAR LUNAR (MAX) STAYTIME MANEUVER

FREE-RETURN CSM

HYBRID S-IVB APS CHANGES EACH)

PROCEDURAL 1: (2 250 21.6 59.6 EASEP HR 32 FT HR HR MIN) 2: (3

HR 30 MIN

OPS PURGE CAPABILITY ~31.5 v89 HR HR

SURFACE ORBIT

STAYTIME

EXPERIMENTS PHOTOGRAPHY

ALSEP MULTI-SPECTRAL TERRA 500MM LENS LUNAR

IN

LANDING SITES
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. SLEEPING LUNAR ASCENT (LM) TV BLACK HAMMOCK ARRANGEMENT

SURFACE STAGE

& WHITE

COLOR DEORBIT 72.2 244.6 HR HR

IN ORBIT
59.4 195.3 HR HR

TRANSEARTH TOTAL

FL IGHT

MISSION TIME

1O/29/69

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40

M-932-69-

12

CONTINGENCY GENERAL If an anomaly its nominal provide alternate as well the Apollo occurs flight missions as provide plan, will after liftoff flight attempt that crew would and flight

OPERATIONS

prevent Command the crew and

the

space will

vehicle be initiated. (CM)

from

following Aborts while objectives 26 shows will

an abort

or an alternate to maximize

mission

for an acceptable

Module CM

recovery of mission Figure

accomplishment recovery.

for an acceptable options.

12 contingency

ABORTS The following phase sections in which present they the could abort occur. procedures and descriptions in order of the

mission Launch

There are six of the launch three the are Earth abort the same

launch abort modes. sequence and a CM are essentially Module for the

The first three abort landing in the launch alternate launch earth into orbit.

modes would abort area. and of the All

result in termination The remaining in insertion abort modes of

modes

procedures

result launch

Command/Service as those Orbit abort

(CSM) Apollo

11 Mission.

Parking

A return the CSM Propulsion Service burn. selected Translunar Translunar order abort. Translunar If ground differential gram prior

to earth from Module After target the System

from

earth of the

parking space System and entry, entry.

orbit vehicle (SM the

(EPO) and Should RCS) will crew

will the will

be performed

by separating Service the the deorbit to a pre-

remainder (SPS) burn Reaction separation

performing

a retrograde

to effect

Control if available.

SPS be inoperable, be used to perform fly a guided entry

CM/SM point,

Injection injection crew (TLI) will be continued malfunction to nominal analysis and cutoff, determine whenever the possible, of an in

for the

to perform

necessity

Coast control and the spacecraft velocity (AV) targeting as required. maneuver abort if a direct crew will determine be voiced cases, return the that an abort situation exists, to the crew or an onboard abort Lunar Module (LM) will will An SPS burn be

pro-

wil I be used to the

In most

be jettisoned

is required.

1O/29/69

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41

M-932-69-

12

Fig. 1O/29/69 Page 42

26

-.-.----.--- -

__i----cIII.... --. __-.. -.-.-I-. .-..--.- _-.-.,_ ._-__.. --_71-__1____1^____-_If-l__

_-_-...-;

__----

--...--.--.

M-932-69-

12

initiated capability

to achieve will several

a direct CSM/LM

return

to a landing systems

area.

However, return

a real-time configuration.

decision trajectory

be exploited

as necessary propulsion

for a direct

or circumlunar

by use of the For a nominal approximately landing Lunar area. Orbit

in a docked

spacecraft 5160 feet

trajectory, per second

an abort at TLI plus 90 minutes will require AV to return the spacecraft to a contingency

Insertion of the orbit SPS may result from a manual shutdown due to critical SPS

An early problems in the attempted SPS is not propulsion the hybrid first

shutdown or from lunar provided required, system. trajectory

an inadvertent insertion the LM specified

shutdown. (LOI) performance Descent b urn,

If an inadvertent shutdown occurs early an immediate restart of the SPS should be If restart of the limits are not exceeded. System (DPS) (APS) of some will be the primary abort will be required to supplement abort conditions when a

Propulsion

DPS in order

The LM Ascent Propulsion System to meet the propulsion requirements is used. Initiate ignition to 90 seconds): If a satisfactory transearth coast initiate an SPS burn 2.5 hours the APS should be used. LOI(RTCC) one the the after ignition): control revolution LOI burn, spacecraft

Mode

I (LOl-1

a DPS abort

at 30 minutes

after

-ignition. AV limitations, not Mode -me Initiate Between followed traiectory. Mode III (170 1 rev0 utton. Transearth lniection available,

is not achieved because of DPS after LOI ignition. If the SPS is

II (90-i70 seconds after Computer Complex a DPS second 90 and by an APS burn burn after 144 seconds

initiate a DPS first burn 2 hours after LOl-1 ignition. in an intermediate the into second the desired ellipse. will DPS burn

under

be

to inject

transearth

seconds

to end

of LOI):

bitiate

a DPS abort

(RTCC)

after

one

An SPS shutdown inadvertent automatic reignition can shutdown of the

during

transearth shutdown.

automatic

injection Manual

(TEI) may occur shutdowns are not restart following

as the result recommended.

of an If an

occurs, SPS is not

possible,

an immediate the

will be initiated. If immediate aborts apply if the SPS problems

be resolved. Mode ignition. I (93 seconds The to end of TEI burn): will Initiate one SPS burn 2 hours after TEI

preabort

trajectory

be a hyperbola.

1O/29/69

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43

M-932-69-

12

Mode the Mode

II (80 to 93 seconds burn III (TEI 2 hours ignition The MISSION after

into

TEI burn):

Two The Initiate

SPS burns preabort one

are

required. will after one

Initiate be a hyperbola, or more

TEI ignition.

trajectory SPS burn ellipse.

to 80 seconds): trajectory

revolutions. ALTERNATE The Apollo several mission these Earth two

p reabort SUMMARY

will

be a stable

general 12 Mission variations and the

categories are which resulting missions Al ternate No

of alternate orbital, upon status depend systems is contained Missions

missions and the in the of the nature

that

can

be performed Both of these A brief causing

during categories the description

the have alternate of

(1) earth

(2) lunar. LM and

of the anomaly CSM. paragraphs.

alternate Orbital Contingency:

following

TLI or partial The first in the the day

TLI. in earth CSM orbit and docked be deorbited during by the third will S-IVB consist maneuver, of extraction and and crew of

Alternate Mission: entry of the LM, a photographic During change If the the Lunar

separation

of the

performance

mission day, will

CSM/LM

configuration. for ocean orbit through Ground impact will the fifth and day Time a CSM The in orbit. (GET), plane

the second along with

LM will

a maneuver mission enter Missions

to achieve is complete

an elliptical 100 hours

be made.

photographic spacecraft

mission will

continue and land.

photographic

Elapsed

Orbit

Al ternate

Contingency: Alternate

Failure Mission: special

to eject Perform

LM

from

S-IVB. and photographic of the mission bootstrap with the

landmark on obtaining

tracking

CSM with
nominal The 6-hour first

emphasis

photographs

sites

of the

mission. activity and sleep high cycle. activity day will consist and sleep high cycle. of two plane changes photography with landmark of selected tracking, science day in lunar orbit and will vertical consist stereo of LOI-1, photography LOI-2, landmark by a

tracking,

resolution

followed

The second vertical sites followed

stereo

photography, by a IO-hour

resolution

M-932-69-

12

The sites,

third and

activity stereo S-158

day strip

will

consist high

of one resolution for two

plane

change,

landmark of selected

tracking, science

vertical

photography,

photography revolutions. mission is only timeline

photography and the

TEI will

then

be performed DPS No-Go

nominal (DPS

will

be reentered.

Contingency: Alternate

for burn

failure). Module Pilot will return to the at allowing CSM be

Mission:

The Commander

and

Lunar

CSM and the approximately photographic coast in this performed Contingency: is discovered Alternate jettisoned be started. hours and GET TEI will photographic

LM will be jettisoned. 116 hours GET which and orbit, landmark the 41st crew tracking will

A CSM plane will move the of Apollo coverage

change will line of nodes sites. of eight sites.

be initiated backward the TEl will

science

During

obtain

on the

revolution. (system failure, not connected with DPS,

LM No-Go for undocking during LM checkout). Mission: and which and A plane will A DPS plane tracking move the on the change change and line 40th

wil I be performed. will be initiated westward and mission

The

LM will science allow cover

be sites will 136

landmark

photography of nodes

of the Apollo will will

by the CSM tracking.

at approximately ten

additional sites

landmark

be performed

This alternate revolution.

1O/2 9/69

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45

M-932-69-

12

MISSION SUPPORT
GENERAL Mission Center The LCC support (MCC), is provided the Manned by the Space Launch Flight with Control Network prelaunch Center (MSFN), checkout, (LCC), and the the Mission recovery Control forces.

is essentially

concerned

countdown, provides functions

and with centralized within the Real-Time System; Rooms with by the The who provide progress. the

launching the mission control framework Computer and (SSRs).

SV; while the MCC, located at Houston, Texas, from tower clear through recovery. The MCC Command, Voice Control allow the Room flight and Telemetry System; supported personnel (RTCC); Communications (MOCR) control

of a Communications, Complex These Operations systems

System by Staff to remain

(CCATS); Support in contact

Display/Control

a Mission

spacecraft, CCATS and the Mission MANNED The MSFN by the stations MCC

receive telemetry and operational data RTCC for verification of a safe mission, with specialists Director with in all Director SPACE and FLIGHT Flight

which can or compute aspects

be processed alternatives. mission of mission

MOCR and SSR's are staffed

of the evaluation

real-time

NETWORK communications missions surface are (Table and 6). tracking The network which is controlled of fixed

is a worldwide during Apollo

network stations.

is composed Figure

(Figure

27) and is supplemented

during of these lunar stations

by mobile operations.

28 depicts

communications The functions

to provide

tracking,

telemetry,

updata,

and

voice

communications both Connection between Communications

on an uplink to the spacecraft and on a downlink to the MCC. these many MSFN stations and the MCC is provided by NASA More detail on mission support is in the MOR Supplement.

Network.

1O/2 9/69

Page

46

-. ^_. .-a-----

_.

--

M-932-69-12

TABLE6 NETWORKCONFIGURATION FORAPOLLO12MlSSION

TRACKING

T
8 a 3 i:?

Ifi

I
-0 2 ! 34 : NU xx

DATA PRO-

8 X

ACN ANT ARIA(4) ASC AOCC

BDA

X X

X xx X x x X xx x x xx X xx -2
xc

CNV CR0 CYI GBI GDS GDS-X GTK GWM GYM HAW HSK HSK-X MAD MAD-X MARS MIL MLA PAT TEX

X xx X XX XX X xx
XXXX x x

-X K x x x xX xx

X xx -x !t

X x x x

I NOTE 3

VAN

PARKES

xx x Ii X
1. TLI and reentq

2i Post TLI coverage 3.

Lunar surface

operations

only

10/29/69

Page

47

75w

45

,-

10 29

_ -,_. d i I. /!

,---,- / i

--_---.

- ----. - -;--- ,.

..:_;i, v:$

0, _ .Ji_l, -. ,

__- _ -.i& ._.__ _-._^_

___-

_-.

_,.

l ._._ . _.

~__

.-.-

--

---

__~--

i .

- --

., I/

lb5W

I SOW

I . . ../.,

.r.

--.--

M-932-699ow .-._. T----- _ _ _ -_ 75w

12

<v

l%W

135w

-.__

1 :ow

i 05w

_.__. -

;---

-:

...--..T

- _-

_-.

fig.

27

v .aR, -

2106.4~MHz PRN, VOICE, AND UPDATA

I-MHZ

VOICE VOICE & DATA)

--J./'-MHZ
LMP

s 4

-+v

(:OMM"N,CAT,&SfDDCRINGLUNARSURFACEOPERATIONS WITH ERECTABLE ANTENNA DEPLOYED

LM

M-932-69-12

RECOVERY GENERAL The Apollo 12 flight possible after landing, isolation the and the dye upper flight The fails the 1 hour. and CM, Apollo container deck crew container The will of the first flight crew and Command while observing crew, CM, will

SUPPORT

Module (CM) the constraints

will be recovered as soon as required to maintain biological from the CM. the condition Unlike after permanently by the the If the the and previous landing. attached recovery side CM Apollo with interphone Retrieval is highly the Mobile Manned of the astroto the and hatch After of the locating astronauts The to the forces, of the swimmer the crew, connector. of the the CM. radio sea

consideration first-level and swimmer CM. emit

and materials removed be given to determining aid the when connector marker streak that may top required. into are sea dye

to providing 12 CM of the will crew will

medical interphone If a sea dye a tethered a yellow-green markers

spacecraft,

wil I not deploy

the water

is requested of dye in the wake be deployed. CM

deploy

container

through

of the

for approximately

has two have

it becomes

necessary to climb

to use the to the

interphone of the of the

to communicate to reach

swimmer

The second CM main desirable Quarantine nauts and Spacecraft PRIMARY The primary

consideration parachutes, if feasible Facility CM. Center. LANDING landing circumlunar I i ne . The The apex and lunar (MQF)

wil I be recovery cover, will sample and be used rocks practical. Special will

astronauts

CM. order,

drogue

parachutes, clothing, also biological be isolated

in that procedures,

to provide

isolation for return

AREA area, target moves shown point feet along in Figure will with normally the range target does landing 29, is that that be If the 1250 entry and area are in which targeted miles all NM. the CM will land

following recovery of the weather, landing Recovery

0

or lunar (400,000

orbital altitude).

trajectories

to the (NM) the

mid-Pacific downrange to avoid high bad probability

nautical range 2000 contains

entry points

point

is increased

the area

point

as long assigned

as the entry to the will

not exceed area at the two At are:

forces The Four team

primary

USS HORNET SARAH-equipped search,

be on station helicopters,

end-of-mission

target

point.

electronic will assignments 0 One and 1O/2 9/69

will

be provided. with helicopters are:

carrying swimmer least one of the (Calypso) 35mm

teams to conduct swimmers on each camera. Station

be equipped for these helicopter 15 NM north

an underwater

will

be stationed CM ground

10 NM track.

uprange

from

the

target

point

of the

Page

50

M-932-69-12

Fig. 1O/29/69 Page 51

29

-.~ .- .I ...--ll..

_--_-.,

M-932-69-12

One helicopter will be stationed 10 NM downrange and 15 NM north of the CM ground track. One the helicopter USS HORNET. helicopter Team carrying Leader photographers will be stationed as designated in the vicinity will be provided for astronaut recovery

from

the

target

point

in the

vie inity

of

One

by the

NAS A USS

Recovery HORNET. One aircraft

of the

will

fly

overhead

of the

primary

recovery

ship

to function

as on-scene One aircraft

commander. will relay aircraft, pararescue 100 NM the two the uprange, entry, near will be on station of the recovery with and of the in the vicinity of the USS HORNET to function

as on-scene Two HC-130

commentary. operational complete CM ground downrange Range area access to any 16 hours AN/ARD-17 Apollo track. from recovery One the (Cook will target Tracker), will be stationed point. Aircraft will

each team, north other

three-man be stationed 165 NM Prior

equipment,

165 NM Apollo landing following

to CM

EC-135 primary the

Instrumentation for network and retrieval in the point area. in the in the abort The landing from support.

be on station The recovery

0

forces

provide time retrieval retrieval

times:

A maximum A maximum A maximum forces landing the following will

access crew CM also area, aborts

of 2 hours time time of

point

to any

area. area.

of 24 hours for support would

to any.point launch

Recovery secondary area orbit and and

be provided and the landing during area

of the for

landing the

area, landing earth

the

contingency the deep

landing be used phase space

area. of the

secondary

contingency

parking

mission.

1O/2 9/69

Page

52

M-932-69-

12

CONFIGURATION SPACE VEHICLE Module (CSM108) and

DIFFERENCES REMARKS

Command/Service Incorporate window

S- 158 Experiment modification.

Changes camera spectral

side

hatch

window for lunar

pane mission

and

adds

equipment photography. Guidance

multi-

Suppressed (RCS) engine

Reaction arc.

Control

System

Protects from

and

Navigation interference cycle

System produced transients.

electromagnetic switching

by RCS heater Added (IMU) Modified Inertial power Measurement switch guard. Unit Prevents turn off

loss of IMU of switch. for return lunar

due

to inadvertent

stowage.

Provides and

of Surveyor surface

III samples samples.

increased

Lunar

Module Modified Assembly

(LM-6) Display (DSKY)

(Ascent and table

Stage) Enhances flight DSKY position crew table . a leak source for weight. propellants one-handed to actuate from the operation and stowed release by the the to operating

Keyboard and support.

Redesigned tanks Added blankets. Deleted hatch Modified

ascent

stage

propel

lant

Eliminates and alleviates

to al I welded stowable

configuration. and

vehicle comfort.

hammocks

Increases

crew

bacteria valve. stowage.

fi I ter

from

forward

Eliminates cabin Provides

a potential

cause

of reduced

venting. for return of Surveyor III samples

and increased lunar surface samples,

1O/29/69

Page

53

M-932-69-12

Lunar
0

Module Reduced deflector

(LM-6) landing thermal

(Descent gear and

Stage) plume Reduces 3.6 activity lb. for current mission requirements. vehicle weight by approximately

insulation.

Modified (EVA)

extravehicular equipment Early Lunar stowage. Apollo Surface

Provides

Replaced Experiments Apollo Package

Scientific (EASEP) with Experiments (RTG).

Provides

for current

mission

requirements.

Package

(ALSEP)/Radioisotope Generator Adapter (SLA-15)

Thermoelectric Spacecraft-LM . (No

significant VEHICLE Unit

differences.)

LAUNCH Instrument
0

(S-IU-507) location devices. Increases recovery potential.

Added Stage Changed the

underwater (SA-507) the

S-IVB a

telemetry SSB/FM

system link

for and

S-IVB

stage of one

of vehicle

SA-507

Provides for measurements the sideband/FM on research

12 acoustic to S-IVB

and 3 vibration 507 which necessitates single used to those flights.

to consist

use of a Saturn

MSFC-designed

one PCM/DDAS consisted of one S-II

l

link - SA-506 PCM/DDAS link.

system similar and development

Stage (No

(S-11-507) significant differences.)

S-IC Stage (SA-507)

l

(No

significant

differences.)

1O/29/69

Page

54

M-932-69-

12

MANNED C-Band a

SPACE Radar

FLIGHT

NETWORK

Deleted PAFB, GBI, GTI, ANT, ASC, PRE, TAN, HAW, CAL. S-Band GBM, ANG.

Eliminates unnecessary unified S-band.

duplication

of

Unified
l

Deleted

Eliminates 96O launch

unnecessary azimuth. to support

coverage

beyond

Added

pulse

modulation

capability

Required

LM descent.

to PARKES. 0 Added capability color TV. Telemetry Deleted GBM, ANG, TAN. Eliminates 96O launch A/G 0 Voice Deleted being Instrumentation
0

to handle

LM

Provides

for color

TV transmission.

VHF
0

unnecessary azimuth.

coverage

beyond

(VHF) GBM, added), ANG, TAN. Ships USNS and and Aircraft Eliminates of translunar Eliminates of TLI. unnecessary injection unnecessary real-time (TLI) and coverage recovery. coverage CAL (GDS Eliminates 96 launch unnecessary azimuth. coverage beyond

Deleted MERCURY,

REDSTONE, HUNTSVILLE.

Deleted four Instrumentation

Apollo Range Aircraft.

real-time

1O/29/69

Page

55

. ..,- _..-.-- .l-_--l_

__-u

--

M-932-69-

12

FLIGHT FLIGHT Prime CREW Crew ASSIGNMENTS 30)

CREW

(Figure

Commander Command Lunar Backup

(CDR) Module Pilot

- Charles Conrad, Jr. (Commander, Pilot (CMP) - Richard F. Gordon, (LMP) - Al an L. Bean (Commander,

Jr.

USN) (Commander, USN)

USN)

Module (Figure

Crew

31) - David Pilot (LMP) closely R. Scott - J ames the One, (Colonel, Merrill Irwin schedule Benson USAF) Worden (Major, USAF) USAF) and functions training Two, crew up who (Lieutenant for the Colonel, prime crew

Commander Command Lunar The which should until help During ware backup Module crew

(CDR) Module Pilot follows a valuable crew weeks crew few

(CMP)

- Alfred

training

in three

significant becomes the prime last prime the final software,

categories. become prior organize before flight

foundation to launch. the

they receive nearly for later assignments they Three, and are

complete mission as a prime crew. to fly as prime

unavailable, mission the and

prepared

the the

they are fully informed check out the hardware. hardware crews work upcoming take part schedule, window. and software,

assistants

weeks and simulations crew that for the consuming rescheduling

launch, crew

flight

ground team

hardto

and

ground

as an integrated mission. in these which

perform ground that the flight are costly would PRIME not repeated and time require CREW

and other will conduct benefit period of the

tests of the the mission backup lunar prelaunch launch

It is necessary activities, which add an additional mission for a lunar

crew.

To do so would

to the

for a later

DATA

Commander NAME: Charles Conrad, Bachelor University in 1966. Conrad was selected as an astronaut by NASA in Jr. (Commander, degree Honorary USN) in Aeronautical Master of Arts Engineering degree from from Princeton

EDUCATION: Princeton University EXPERIENCE: September

of Science in 1953;

Commander 1962.

1O/29/69

Page

56

M-932-69-12

Fig. 10/29/69 Page 57

30

APOLLO12BACKUPCREW

DAVID R. SCOTT COMMANDER

ALFRED WORDEN M. COMMAND MODULE PILOT

JAMES B. IRWIN LUNARMODULE PILOT

M-932-69-12

APOLLO: GEMINI: the 3-day, orbital launched the first tethered In August Command proceeded took over

Conrad

served

as the

backup

Commander

for the Apollo Command

9 Mission. Pilot seat for

On 12 September 1966, Conrad occupied the 44-revolution Gemini 11 Mission. Highlights to rendezvous the keeping he served Gordon lead retrieval activity, exercise, as Pilot were space and and dock the in less than emulsion successful artificial 8-day Gemini into record orbit Agena, extravehicular station 1965, Pilot the of a nuclear in which on the

maneuvers

one

of the flight included orbit with a previously package of the was first produced. He and and U.S. during

experiment completion gravity

5 Mission. on 21 August the by which

Cooper a new

launched endurance

to establish

in manhours entered the a naval

in space. Navy following his graduation He attended the and there. engineer was then assigned served Pilot Test He also at the from Princeton Navy Test Pilot as a project at Patuxent School. test as a

OTHER: University

Conrad and

became

aviator.

School at Patuxent River, Maryland, pilot in the armaments test division flight Command NAME: Module instructor Pi lot F. Gordon, Bachelor in 1951. Gordon 1963. served as backup Jr. and performance

Richard

(Commander, degree

USN) in Chemistry from the University of

EDUCATION: Washington EXPERIENCE: by NASA

of Science

Commander in October Gordon

was one

of the

third

group

of astronauts

named

APOLLO: Mission. GEMINI: Mission,

Command

Module

Pilot

for the

Apollo

On

12 September rendezvous docking periods and of the

1966, with

he served an Agena with a nuclear

as Pilot the

for the

3-day launched included

Gemini one Agena attaching package. first

11

on which

was achieved previously which completion activity emulsion

in less than

orbit . He executed and performed two a tether Another closed-loop OTHER: He then Air to the highlight

maneuvers of extravehicular retrieving

Agena

experiment of the

mission entry.

was the

successful

controlled Commander attended

Gordon All-Weather

received Flight Florida. Page 59

his wings School and

as a naval iet squadron

aviator at the

in training

1953. and

transitional

was subsequently Station

assigned

to an all-weather

fighter

Naval

at Jacksonville,

1O/2 9/69

M-932-69-12

In 1957, and flight Skyhawk He served Miramar, assistant at Miramar. served test

he attended as a flight work and on the the was

the test first

Navys pilot project

Test until test in the

Pilot 1960. Fll pilot

School During F Tigercat, for the

at Patuxent this F4H tour FJ Fury, Phantom Squadron

River, of duty and II.

Maryland, he did A4D

F8U Crusader,

as a flight California, operations

instructor Naval officer,

F4H with

Fighter

121 at the officer, Squadron 96

Air Station and ground

and was also flight training officer for

safety Fighter

He was also California. Lunar Module NAME: Pilot Alan L.

a student

at the

U.S.

Naval

Postgraduate

School

at Monterey,

Bean

(Commander, of Science in 1955. Bean 1963. as backup as backup ROTC the was

USN) degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the

EDUCATION: University EXPERIENCE: by NASA

Bachelor of Texas Commander in October Bean Bean Bean,

one

of the

third

group

of astronauts

selected

APOLLO: GEMINI: OTHER: upon Florida, Patuxent

served served a Navy from

Lunar

Module Pilot

Pilot

for the

Apollo

9 Mission.

Command

for the

Gemini

10 Mission. in 1955 training,

student

graduation

University.

at Texas, was commissioned After completing his flight Air Station Test Pilot

he

was assigned

to Attack

for 4 years. River,

Squadron 44 at the Naval He then attended the Navy and River. A4E iet at the

in Jacksonville, School at at the Naval in the trials Air of next

Maryland,

Test Center, Patuxent both the A5A and the Aviation assigned Safety to Attack School

was assigned as a test pilot Commander Bean participated attack University airplanes. Field, He then Florida. of Southern

attended and

the was

California

Squadron

172 at Cecil

1 O/29/69

Page

60

M-932-69-12

BACKUP Commander

CREW

DATA

NAME:

David

R. Scott Bachelor degrees of Aeronautics

(Colonel, of Science of Master and

USAF) degree of Science Astronautics from the United the States and Military Astronautics Institute and of

EDUCATION:. Academy; Engineer Technology. EXPERIENCE: NASA APOLLO: 1969. Apollo on the propulsion GEMINI: launched to last The crew The earth-orbital

in Aeronautics from

Massachusetts

Colonel in October Scott lo-day

Scott 1963. served flight and

was one

of the

third

group

of astronauts

selected

by

as Command encompassed and provided

Module

Pilot tests

for Apollo of the of a fully first

9,

3-13

March

completion

comprehensive configured

qualification

verification

spacecraft operational and On into 3 days life

performance, support

vital information previously not available stability, and reliability of Lunar Module

systems. 1966, h e and early skill due Command Pilot a flight of two the Neil Armstrong spacecraft vehicles problem were scheduled thruster. and and in space

16 March space but great terminated the piloting

on the first

Gemini successful

8 Mission docking

originally

to a malfunctioning thruster

performed the Scott spacecraft

demonstrated bringing OTHER: chose Base, Force

in overcoming landing.

to a safe fifth

graduated Force in career. and to the 1955 and

an Air Texas, Base,

in a class He completed reported Air Force

of 633 at West pilot training for gunnery Base, Arizona.

Point and subsequently at Webb Air Force at Laughlin Air

then Luke

training

Texas,

He was assigned Base to the MIT (RNLAF), U.S. and concerned

32nd

Netherlands, completed interplanetary

Tactical Fighter Squadron from April 1956 to July work on his masters degree navigation. in June then the

at Soesterberg 1960. He then at MIT.

Air returned at

His thesis

After completing his studies at MIT Experimental Test Pilot School and

1962, he attended the Air Force Aerospace Research School.

1o/2 9/69

Page

61

-^, .~~^-_---

l_-.. 1---

--

*--XI_

M-932-69-12

Command NAME:

Module Alfred

Pi lot Merrill Bachelor in 1955; and Worden (Major, USAF) the United States Military in Astronautical/Aeronautical from the University of Michigan

EDUCATION: Academy Engineering in 1963.

of Military Science from Master of Science degrees Instrumentation Engineering

EXPERIENCE: April 1966.

Major

Worden

was one

of the

19 astronauts

named

by NASA

in

APOLLO: Apollo OTHER: Laredo Prior Air

Worden 9 Mission. Major Force

served

as a member

of the astronaut

support

crew

for the

Worden Base,

received Texas;

flight

training Air

at Moore Force Base,

Air

Base,

Texas;

and Tyndall

Florida. he served as an

to his arrival

for duty

at the Manned

Spacecraft

Center, from Pilots which School

instructor in 1965. England, He attended 1963 and 1961 with Maryland. Lunar Module NAME: Pilot James

at the Aerospace Research Pilots School, He is also a graduate of the Empire Test and completed Randolph served the 95th Air Fighter his training Force and Base there

he graduated in Farnborough,

in February Pilots from

1965. Instructor March Air School 1957 Force in Base,

Instrument Officer Squadron

as a Pilot

Armament

to May

Interceptor

at Andrews

Benson

Irwin

(Lieutenant

Colonel,

USAF) from the United in Aeronautical of Michigan

EDUCATION: States in

Bachelor of Science degree Naval Academy in 1951; Master and instrumentation

in Naval Sciences of Science degrees from the

Engineering 1957.

Engineering

University

EXPERIENCE: in April APOLLO: finished served

Lt. 1966.

Colonel

Irwin

was one

of the

19 Astronauts

selected

by NASA

Irwin the first

was series

crew of the

Commander support crew

of Lunar tests for Apollo

Module on 1 June 10.

LTA-8; 1968.

this

vehicle

of thermal

vacuum

He also

as a member

1O/29/69

Page

62

M-932-69-

12

OTHER: Naval Texas, He also and with

Irwin Academy and

was commissioned in 1951 and Air Force the F-12 Base, Test Office

in the received Texas. Force

Air

Force

on graduation training at Hondo

from Air

the Base,

his flight

Reese with AIM

served the

at Edwards

Air

Force Air

Base, Force

California, Base, Ohio.

47 Project

at Wright-Patterson

1O/2 9/69

Page

63

M-932-69-

12

MISSION Title Director, Director, Saturn Apollo Manager Apollo Mission Assistant Director Director Launch Flight Program Director Mission of Launch of Flight Director Operations Operations Manager Manager KSC Apollo Mission Program Spacecraft Program Operations Manager Program

MANAGEMENT Name Dr. Mai. Mr. Rocco Gen. A.

RESPONSIBILITY Organization Petrone D. Stevenson (Ret) NASA/OMS NASA/OMSF NASA/MS NASA/MSC FC F

John

Roy E. Godfrey A. McDivitt

Col . James

Mr. Capt.

Edward Chester

R. Mathews M. H. J. Lee (Ret)

NASA,KSC NASA/OMS NASA/OMSF NASA/KSC NASA/MSC NASA/KSC NASA/MSC F

Col . Thomas Mr. Dr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Walter Christopher Paul Gerald M. Glynn Clifford Charles David P. C.

McMullen Kapryan C. Kraft

Operations Directors

Donnelly D. Frank S. Lunney E. Charlesworth Conrad, R. Scott Jr. Griffin

Spacecraft Spacecraft

Commander Commander

(Prime) (Backup)

Cdr. Col.

NASA/MSC NASA/MSC

1 O/2 9/69

Page

64

M-932-69-12

PROGRAM

MANAGEMENT

NASA Office

HEADQUARTERS Space Flight

of Manned Spacecraft Space

Manned Marshall

Center Center

Flight

Kennedy

Space

Center

I LAUNCH VEHICLE SPACECRAFT TRACKING

I AND DATA

ACQUISITION Marshall Space Flight Center Manned Center North American I (LES, SLA) Aerospace (LM) Department MSFN of Defense Goddard Space Flight Center Rockwel Corp. CSM, Grumman Spacecraft Kennedy Space Center

The Boeing Co. North American Corp. McDonnell (S-IVB) IBM Corp. (IU) (S-l I)

(S-IC) Rot kwe I I

Douglas

Corp.

1O/29/69

Page

65

M-932-69-12

ABBREVIATIONS ACN A/G AGS ALSEP ANG ANT APS APS ARIA AS ASC BDA BIG CAL CCATS CD CDH CDR CM CMD CMP CNV CR0 CSI CSM CYI DDAS DOD DO1 DPS DSKY EASEP EI EMU EPO EST ETB EVA FM fps FT FTP GBI GBM GDS GET GTI GTK GYM 10/29,'69

AND ACRONYMS

Ascension Island Air To Ground Abort Guidance System Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package Antigua Island (MSFN) Antigua Island (DOD) Ascent Propulsion System (LM) Auxiliary Propulsion System (S-IVB) Apollo Range Instrumentation Aircraft Apollo/Saturn Ascension Island Bermuda Biological Isolation Garment Point Arguello, California Communications, Command, and Telemetry System Countdown Constant Delta Height Commander Command Module Command Command Module Pilot Cape Canaveral Carnarvon Concentric Sequence Initiation Command/Service Module Grand Canary Island Digital Data Acquisition System Department of Defense Descent Orbit Insertion Descent Propulsion System Display and Keyboard Assembly Early Apollo Scientific Experiments Package Entry Interface Extravehicular Mobility Unit Earth Parking Orbit Eastern Standard Time Equipment Transfer Bag Extravehicular Activity Frequency Modulation Feet Per Second Feet Full Throttle Position Grand Bahama Island (USAF) Grand Bahama Island (NASA) California Goldstone, Ground Elapsed Time Grand Turk Island (NASA) Grand Turk Island (DOD) Guaymas, Mexico Page 66

M-932-69-12

HAW HR HTC IMU IU IVT KSC LCC LEC LES LH2 LiOH LM LMP LO1 LOX LPO LR LRL LV m ED MAX MCC MCC MESA MHz MIL MLA MIN MOCR MOR MQF MSC MSFC MSFN NASA NASCOM NM OMSF OPS PAFB PAT PCM PDI PGNCS PLSS PRE PRN

Hawaii Kauai, Hour Hand Tool Carrier Inertial Measurement Unit Instrument Unit Intravehicular Transfer Kennedy Space Center Launch Control Center Lunar Equipment Conveyor Launch Escape System Liquid Hydrogen Lithium Hydroxide Lunar Module Lunar Module Pilot Lunar Orbit Insertion Liquid Oxygen Lunar Parking Orbit Landing Radar Lunar Receiving Laboratory Launch Vehicle Meter Millimeter Madrid Maximum Midcourse Correction Mission Control Center Modularized Equipment Stowage Assembly Megahertz Merritt Island (NASA) Merritt Island (DOD) Minute Mission Operations Control Room Mission Operations Report Mobile Quarantine Facility Manned Spacecraft Center Marshall Space Flight Center Manned Space Flight Network National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Communications Network Nautical Mile Office of Manned Space Flight Oxygen Purge System Patrick Air Force Base Patrick AFB Pulse Code Modulation Powered Descent Initiation Primary Guidance, Navigation, and Control Portable Life Support System Pretoria Pseudorandom Noise

System

10/29/69

Page

67

.__.._ ..___f__l__l lllllll."--.-l _-I-.. ...-.__. ---...- .

-.-----~

M-932-69-12

psi QUAD RCS RLS RNLAF RTCC RTG s/c SEA s-IC S-II s-IVB SLA SM SPAN SPS SRC SSB SSR sv swc TAN TEI TEX TFI TLM TLI TPF TPI TRAJ T-time TTY TV USB USN USAF VAN VHF AV

Pounds Per Square Inch Quadrant Reaction Control System Radius Landing Site Royal Netherlands Air Force Real-Time Computer Complex Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Spacecraft Sun Elevation Angle Saturn V First Stage Saturn V Second Stage Saturn V Third Stage Spacecraft-LM Adapter Service Module Solar Particle Alert Network Service Propulsion System Sample Return Container Single Side Band Staff Support Room Space Vehicle Solar Wind Composition Tananarive, Malagasy Republic Transearth Injection Corpus Christi, Texas Time From Ignition Telemetry Translunar Injection Terminal Phase Finalization Terminal Phase Initiation Trajectory Countdown Time (referenced to liftoff Teletype Television Unified S-band United States Navy United States Air Force Vanguard Very High Frequency Differential Velocity

time)

GPO

884

048

10/29/69

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68