BS 5950-1:2000

Section 4

4.2.5.4 Notched ends For notched ends of I, H or channel section members the moment capacity Mc should be taken as follows. a) Low shear: where Fv k 0.75Pv: for singly notched ends: Mc = pyZ for doubly notched ends: Mc = pytd2/6 b) High shear: where Fv > 0.75Pv: for singly notched ends: M c = 1.5 p y Z 1 ( F v P v ) for doubly notched ends: M c = ( p y td 4 ) 1 ( F v P v )
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where d Z

is the residual depth of a doubly notched end; is the relevant section modulus of the residual tee at a singly notched end.

4.2.5.5 Bolt holes No allowance need be made for bolt holes in a compression flange (or leg). No allowance need be made for bolt holes in a tension flange (or leg) if, for the tension element: at.net U at/Ke where at Ke is the area of the tension element; is the factor for effective net area given in 3.4.3. at.net is the net area of the tension element after deducting bolt holes; No allowance need be made for bolt holes in the tension zone of a web unless there are also bolt holes in the tension flange at the same location. Furthermore, no allowance need be made for bolt holes in a web if the condition given above is satisfied when both at and at.net are based upon the complete tension zone, comprising the tension flange plus the tension zone of the web. If at.net is less than at/Ke then an effective net area of Keat.net may be used.

4.3 Lateral-torsional buckling

4.3.1 General Unless a beam or cantilever has full lateral restraint to its compression flange as described in 4.2.2, then in addition to satisfying 4.2 its resistance to lateral-torsional buckling should also be checked. Generally the resistance of a member to lateral-torsional buckling should be checked as detailed in 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 4.3.4, 4.3.5, 4.3.6, 4.3.7 and 4.3.8. However, for members that satisfy the conditions given in G.1, advantage may be taken of the methods for members with one flange restrained given in G.2. 4.3.2 Intermediate lateral restraints 4.3.2.1 General If a member that is subject to bending needs intermediate lateral restraints within its length in order to develop the required buckling resistance moment, these restraints should have sufficient stiffness and strength to inhibit lateral movement of the compression flange relative to the supports.

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05-2001

Section 4

BS 5950-1:2000

Intermediate lateral restraints should generally be connected to the member as close as practicable to the compression flange and in any case closer to the level of the shear centre of the compression flange than to the level of the shear centre of the member. However, if an intermediate torsional restraint, see 4.3.3, is also provided at the same cross-section, an intermediate lateral restraint may be connected at any level. 4.3.2.2 Restraint forces 4.3.2.2.1 Where intermediate lateral restraint is required at intervals within the length of a beam or cantilever, the intermediate lateral restraints should be capable of resisting a total force of not less than 2.5 % of the maximum value of the factored force in the compression flange within the relevant span, divided between the intermediate lateral restraints in proportion to their spacing. The intermediate lateral restraints should either be connected to an appropriate system of bracing capable of transferring the restraint forces to the effective points of support of the member, or else connected to an independent robust part of the structure capable of fulfilling a similar function. Where two or more parallel members require intermediate lateral restraint, it is not adequate merely to connect the members together such that they become mutually dependent. 4.3.2.2.2 Where three or more intermediate lateral restraints are provided, each intermediate lateral restraint should be capable of resisting a force of not less than 1 % of the maximum value of the factored force in the compression flange within the relevant span. The bracing system should be capable of resisting each of the following alternatives: a) the 1 % restraint force considered as acting at only one point at a time; b) the 2.5 % restraint force from 4.3.2.2.1, divided between the intermediate lateral restraints in proportion to their spacing. 4.3.2.2.3 Bracing systems that supply intermediate lateral restraint to more than one member should be designed to resist the sum of the lateral restraint forces from each member that they restrain, determined in accordance with 4.3.2.2.1 and 4.3.2.2.2, reduced by the factor kr obtained from: kr = (0.2 + 1/Nr)0.5 in which Nr is the number of parallel members restrained. 4.3.2.2.4 Purlins adequately restrained by sheeting need not normally be checked for forces caused by restraining rafters of roof trusses or portal frames that carry predominantly roof loads, provided that either: a) there is bracing of adequate stiffness in the plane of the rafters; or b) the roof sheeting is capable of acting as a stressed-skin diaphragm, see BS 5950-9. 4.3.3 Torsional restraints A member may be taken as torsionally restrained (against rotation about its longitudinal axis) at any point in its length where both flanges are held in position relative to each other in the lateral direction, by external means not involving the lateral stiffness or resistance of the flanges themselves. Full torsional restraint at member supports (as distinct from nominal torsional restraint at member supports, see 4.2.2), should generally be provided in the form of lateral restraint to both flanges, or by similar means to intermediate torsional restraints. Alternatively, full torsional restraint at member supports may be provided by bearing stiffeners as recommended in 4.5.7. Intermediate torsional restraints within the length of the member may be provided by means of suitable diaphragms between two similar members, or else by equivalent panels of triangulated bracing. Each torsional restraint should be capable of resisting a couple comprising two equal and opposite forces, acting at a lever arm equal to the depth between the centroids of the flanges, each equal to the larger of: a) 1 % of the maximum value of the factored force in the compression flange within the relevant span; b) 2.5 % of the maximum value of the factored force in the compression flange within the relevant span, divided between the intermediate lateral restraints in proportion to their spacing.

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BSI 05-2001 COPYRIGHT 2003; British Standards Institution on ERC Specs and Standards

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